DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .........................................................................................
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .........................................................................
ii
SURAT PERINTAH MAGANG ....................................................................
iii
SURAT KETERANGAN SELESAI MAGANG ..........................................
iv
INTISARI ..........................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................
vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................... vii PRAKATA ......................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xvi DAFTAR ISTILAH .......................................................................................... xvii
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN 1.1 . Latar Belakang Masalah ...........................................................................1 1.2 . Tujuan Penulisan ......................................................................................2 1.3 . Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................................2 1.4 . Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................................3 1.5 . Metodologi Penulisan ...............................................................................3 1.6 . Sistematika Penulisan ...............................................................................4
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BAB II : LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 SCADA… ........................................................................................... .. 6 2.1.1 Fungsi SCADA ........................................................................... 7 2.1.2 SCADA Distribusi ...................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Media Telekomunikasi Sistem SCADA ................................. 10 2.2 MikroTik ...............................……………………………………… 13 2.2.1 Wireless Mikrotik ..................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Sistem Keamanan Wireless Mikrotik ...................................... 21 2.2.3 Parameter Kehandalan Wireless Mikrotik .............................. 23 2.3 Alat dan Bahan.................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 Alat ............................................................................................ 31 2.3.2 Bahan ......................................................................................... 39
BAB III : SISTEM SCADA MENGGUNAKAN WIRELESS MIKROTIK 3.1 Blok Diagram Sistem ......................................................................... 51 3.2 Perlengkapan yang Digunakan .......................................................... 52 3.4.1 Perlengkapan WiFi pada Sisi Master Station ......................... 52 3.4.2 Perlengkapan WiFi pada sisi RTU .......................................... 53 3.3 Bagian-bagian Sistem ......................................................................... 53 3.4.1 Bagian-bagian Sistem SCADA ................................................ 53 3.4.2 Bagian-bagian Wireless Mikrotik ............................................ 56 3.4 Cara Kerja Perangkat.......................................................................... 57 3.5 Langkah Pembangunan Sistem .......................................................... 59
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3.5.1 Tahap Peninjauan Lokasi ........................................................ 59 3.5.2 Konfigurasi Sistem ................................................................. 59 3.5.3 Tahap Instalasi Perangkat WiFi pada sisi Master Station .... 63 3.5.4 Tahap Instalasi Perangkat WiFi pada sisi RTU..................... 64 3.5.5 Tahap Integrasi WiFi ke Sistem SCADA .............................. 65
BAB IV : PEMASANGAN, PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA DATA 4.1 Pengujian dan Pengambilan Data ...................................................... 67 4.1.1 Pengujian Mode Wireless Mikrotik .......................................... 67 4.1.2 Pengujian Komunikasi WiFi Mikrotik ..................................... 69 4.1.3 Pengujian Monitoring Ping ....................................................... 71 4.2 Analisa Kehandalan Media Komunikasi WiFi pada Sistem SCADA .. ............................................................................................................. 74 4.3 Perbandingan Biaya Pemasangan dan Operasional .......................... 75
BAB V : PENUTUP 5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................... 79 5.2 Saran .................................................................................................... 79
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 81 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 83
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1
Blok Diagram Sistem SCADA ...............................................
7
Gambar 2.2
Wireless P2P Mikrotik menggunakan metode routing ......... 15
Gambar 2.3
Wireless P2P Mikrotik menggunakan metode bridging ........ 15
Gambar 2.4
Konfigurasi Wireless Bridge Mikrotik Mode Bridge – Station + EoIP ........................................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.5
Konfigurasi Wireless Bridge Mikrotik Mode Bridge – Station WDS .......................................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.6
Konfigurasi Wireless Bridge Mikrotik Mode Bridge – Bridge ................................................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.7
Konfigurasi Wireless Bridge Mikrotik Mode Bridge – Station Pseudobridge ............................................................................. 19
Gambar 2.8
Konfigurasi Wireless Bridge Mikrotik Mode Bridge – Station Bridge ........................................................................................ 20
Gambar 2.9
Tang Crimping AMP 2-231652-1 ........................................... 31
Gambar 2.10 LAN Tester ............................................................................... 32 Gambar 2.11 Software Colasoft Ping Tool .................................................... 34 Gambar 2.12 Contoh Pengujian Ping pada Command Prompt .................... 35 Gambar 2.13 Citra satelit lokasi pemasangan WiFi pada Google Earth ..... 36 Gambar 2.14 Contoh pengujian bandwidth test Mikrotik ............................ 37 Gambar 2.15 Single Line Diagram GI Krapyak pada sistem SCADA ........ 38 Gambar 2.16 Blok Diagram Mikrotik RouterBoard ..................................... 39
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Gambar 2.17 Mikrotik RouterBoard tipe RB433AH .................................... 40 Gambar 2.18 Mikrotik RouterBoard tipe RB133 .......................................... 43 Gambar 2.19 Wireless MiniPCI R52 ............................................................. 44 Gambar 2.20 Wireless MiniPCI CM9 ............................................................ 44 Gambar 2.21 Antena Grid 2,4 GHz ............................................................... 46 Gambar 2.22 Antena Yagi 2,4 GHz ............................................................... 47 Gambar 2.23 Power over Ethernet (PoE) Mikrotik ...................................... 48 Gambar 2.24 DC Power Supply ..................................................................... 48 Gambar 2.25 Kabel UTP Cat 5e ..................................................................... 49 Gambar 2.26 Konektor RJ45 .......................................................................... 50 Gambar 3.1
Blok Diagram Sistem ............................................................... 51
Gambar 3.2
Konfigurasi WiFi SCADA PLN APD Jateng & DIY ............ 57
Gambar 3.3
Konfigurasi Jaringan Fiber Optic SCADA............................. 60
Gambar 3.4
Konfigurasi Jaringan WiFi SCADA ....................................... 61
Gambar 3.5
Hasil trace route WiFi Mikrotik.............................................. 66
Gambar 4.1
Pengujian kualitas sinyal dan bandwidth wireless Mikrotik . 70
Gambar 4.2
Tampilan alarm view status Local/Remote HMI SCADA ..... 72
Gambar 4.3
Hasil monitoring koneksi data WiFi ...................................... 73
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Spesifikasi WiFi berdasarkan standar IEEE 802.11 .................... 12 Tabel 2.2 Perbandingan Mode Wireless Mikrotik ......................................... 21 Tabel 2.3 Spesifikasi Mikrotik RB433AH ..................................................... 41 Tabel 2.4 Spesifikasi Mikrotik RB133 ........................................................... 42 Tabel 4.1 Data hasil monitoring WiFi ............................................................ 73 Tabel 4.2 Biaya pemasangan dan operasional Fiber Optic .......................... 76 Tabel 4.3 Biaya pemasangan dan operasional WiFi ..................................... 78
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DAFTAR ISTILAH
1. SCADA
: Supervisory Control and Data Aqcuisition
2. APD
: Area Pengatur Distribusi
3. WiFi
: Wireless Fidelity
4. RTU
: Remote Terminal Unit
5. FO
: Fiber Optic
6. P2P
: Point-to-Point
7. P2MP
: Point-to-Multipoint
8. IED
: Intelligent Electrical Device
9. HMI
: Human Machine Interface
10. PMT
: Pemutus Tenaga
11. LBS
: Load Break Switch
12. IEEE
: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
13. EoIP
: Ethernet over Internet Protocol
14. IP
: Internet Protocol
15. LAN
: Local Area Network
16. WLAN
: Wireless Local Area Network
17. WDS
: Wireless Distribution System
18. SSID
: Service Set Identifier
19. WPA
: Wi-Fi Protected Access
20. WEP
: Wired Equivalent Privacy
21. CCQ
: Client Connection Quality
22. SNR
: Signal to Noise Ratio
23. LoS
: Line of Sight
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24. ROS
: RouterOS
25. AP
: Access Point
26. DSSS
: Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
27. DPSK
: Digital Phase Shift Keying
28. BPSK
: Binary Phase Shift Keying
29. QPSK
: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
30. QAM
: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
31. CSMA-CD
: Carrier Sense Multiplexing And Collision Detection
32. CSMA-CA
: Carrier Sense Multiplexing And Collision Avoidance
33. ITU
: International Telecommunication Union
34. UTP
: Unshielded Twisted Pair
35. STP
: Shielded Twisted Pair
36. RTO
: Request Timed out
37. NIC
: Network Interface Card
38. GHz
: Giga Hertz
39. dBm
: Satuan level daya yang direferensikan ke satu milliwatt (mW)
40. dBi
: Pengukuran yang membandingkan gain dari antena dengan radiator isotropik
41. SPPD
: Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas
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