Corporate Responsibility 15 September 2014 S1 PRASETIYA MULYA BUSINESS SCHOOL,
CSR DEFINITION
DEFINISI CSR Tanggung jawab sosial suatu organisasi adalah memaksimumkan pengaruh-pengaruh positif dan meminimumkan pengaruh negatif terhadap masyarakat. Social responsibility is an organization’s obligation to maximize its positive impacts and minimize it’s negative impacts in the society. (Ferrell et al)
CSR B u si n ess E t h i c s P r esen t a t i o n
CSR definition: Corporate social responsibility is the duty a corporation has to create wealth by using means that avoid harm to, protect or enhance societal assets
Company
Society
CSR DEFINITION Social responsibility: the adoption by a business of a strategic focus for fulfilling the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities expected of it by its stakeholders
Ferrell, et al, Social responsibility and Business, 2011, p.7
PERKEMBANGAN DARI TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL ORGANISASI
THE CLASSICAL MODEL OF CORPORATION SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Pandangan ini berakar pada teori ekonomi pasar bebas. Milton Friedman, Pemenang hadiah Nobel Ekonomi:
“[In a free economy], there is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game…” “Stock holders are entitled to their profit as a result of a contract among corporate stakeholders” Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. 3-7
KRITIK TERHADAP TEORI EKONOMI KLASIK •Maksimasi profit tidak bisa dilaksanakan karena ada hukum yang membatasi •Maksimasi profit tidak selalu bisa memberikan manfaat kepada semua pihak •Pasar bebas tidak selalu dapat memuaskan konsumen •Ada situasi market failure seperti faktor eksternalitas, barang2 publik, yang belum dapat dinilai secara uang. •Ada individu2 yang mengejar kepentingan pribadi yang dapat mencelakakan orang lain.
THE MORAL MINIMUM Normal Bowie: mengejar keuntungan dibatasi oleh kewajiban mentaati suatu moral minimum Semata mata tunduk hukum tidak cukup bagi bisnis yang secara ethis bertanggung jawab.
Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. 3-9
THE STAKEHOLDER THEORY Setiap bisnis mempengaruhi ber-macam2 orang/kelompok –dapat menguntungkan dan juga dapat menimbulkan biaya bagi yang Teori “ Stakeholder” menolak anggapan bahwa investor menjadi perhatian utama dalam keuntungan perusahaan.
Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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THE STAKEHOLDER THEORY
William Evans and R. Edward Freeman: Teori Narrow and Broad Stakeholder ◦ Sempit/ Narrowly: Suatu pemangku kepentingan adalah setiap kelompok yang vital bagi keberlangsungan hidup dan sukses suatu organisasi. ◦ Luas/Broadly: Suatu pemangku kepentingan adalah setiap kelompok atau individu yang dapat mempengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh organisasi Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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THE STAKEHOLDER THEORY Teori Stakeholder menuntut manajemen untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan ethis dari pihak2 terkait Teori Stakeholder menuntut manajemen mempertimbangkan akibat dari keputusannya untuk kebaikan dari semua pemangku kepentingan.
Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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TEORI PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL SUATU BISNIS: Untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan2 dari pemangku kepentingan utama dari organisasi
Kenneth E. Goodpaster Evan & Freeman Treat stakeholder interest as equal
Managers have fiduciary duties to stockholders but only non fiduciary duties to other stakeholders. Fiduciary duties are characterized as the duties that agents have to principals the agent is to act in the best interest of the principle. Basic moral principles should be obeyed
STAKEHOLDER AND ISSUES MANAGEMENT APPROACH Unions
Owners
Employees
Suppliers
Financial Society CUSTOMERS
FIRM
Competitors
Environment Society
Trade Associations Foreign Government Adapted from Weiss, 2009
Government
Activist Group
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER GROUPS LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUPS
PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS SUPPLIERS
MEDIA
SPECIAL- INTEREST GROUPS
CONSUMER GROUPS
OWNERS
FIRM EMPLOYEES
CUSTOMERS
ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS
SOCIETY AT LARGE SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS
Weiss, 2009
GOVERNMENT
SOCIAL RESPOSIBILITY CONTINUUM
Minimal
Strategic
Economic and legal considerations focusing on contractual stakeholders
Economic, legal, ethical and philanthrophic consideration focusing on all stakeholders
Ferrell, et al, Social responsibility and Business, 2011, fig. 1.5. p.14
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY PYRAMID PHILANTROPIC RESPONSIBILITIES The corporation’s active involvement in activities that promote human welfare
ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES Be ethical, obligation to do what is right and fair. Avoid harm
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES Carry out its work in accordance with the law and government regulation
ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITIES (making acceptable profit)
Trevino, p.29 fr Archie B. Carroll
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WHY CSR
Arguments For Social Responsibility • Public Expectations • Long run Profits • Ethical Obligation
• Better Environment • Discouragement of further government regulation • Balance of responsibility and power • Stakeholder interest • Possession of resources
• Superiority of prevention over cures
CSR in Indonesia
CSR in Indonesia Dalam Pasal 15 huruf b UU 25/2007 diatur bahwa ] setiap penanam modal wajib melaksanakan TJSL. Yang dimaksud dengan TJSL adalah tanggung jawab yang melekat pada setiap perusahaan penanaman modal untuk tetap menciptakan hubungan yang serasi, seimbang, dan sesuai dengan lingkungan, nilai, norma, dan budaya masyarakat setempat.
Jika penanam modal tidak melakukan kewajibannya untuk melaksanakan TJSL, maka berdasarkan Pasal 34 UU 25/2007, penanam modal dapat dikenai sanksi adminisitatif berupa: a. peringatan tertulis; b. pembatasan kegiatan usaha; c. pembekuan kegiatan usaha dan/atau fasilitas penanaman modal; atau d. pencabutan kegiatan usaha dan/atau fasilitas penanaman modal.
Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (“UU 32/2009”) Berdasarkan Pasal 68 UU 32/2009, setiap orang yang melakukan usaha dan/atau kegiatan berkewajiban: a. memberikan informasi yang terkait dengan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup secara benar, akurat, terbuka, dan tepat waktu; b. menjaga keberlanjutan fungsi lingkungan hidup; dan c. menaati ketentuan tentang baku mutu lingkungan hidup dan/atau kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup.
CSR ISO 26000 Guidance standard on social Responsibility
•Pengembangan masyarakat •Konsumen •Praktek kegiataninstitusi yang sehat •Lingkungan •Ketenagakerjaan •Hak asasi manusia •Organizational governance
Principles of CSR
In the area of human rights: Support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights Make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
Principles of CSR
In area of labor • Uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining. • Eliminate all forms of forced and compulsory labor • Work for the effective abolition of child labor. • Eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
Principles of CSR
In the area of environment
Support of precautionary approach to environmental challenges. Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility. Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technology.
Principles of CSR
In the area of consumers
Provide good quality products/ services Provide necessary product information Product safety Product warranty Products withdrawal if endangered consumers
Principles of CSR
In the area of organizational governance
Conform to the law, regulation and international norms Transparency Accountability Responsibility Integrity Fairness
