Children’s Perception Towards an Orphanage’s Activities
Yohanes Pintu Sandika
Satya Wacana University Press 2013
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PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT 5aya yang bertanda tangan
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Nama
YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA
NIM
092012006
Email:
[email protected]
Fakultas
Program Pascasarjana
Program Studi: Magister 5tudi Pembangunan
Judul Tesis
CHILDREN'5 PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIES of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, 5alatiga)
(Case Study
Pembimbing
Prapto Yuwono, 5E.. ME.
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Nama
YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA
NIM
092012006
Email: sandikapintu
Fakultas
Program Pascasarjana
Program Studi: Magister Siudi Pembangunan
Judu I Tesis
CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIES (Case Study of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, 5alatiga)
@
yahoo.com
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Tandatangan dan Nama Terang Mahati5wa
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN Nama
YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA
NIM
092012006
Progdi
Magister Studi Pembangunan
Tesis
CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIEs:
(Case Study of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan. salatiga)
Menyetujui,
Pembimbing
Mengesahkan,
Pascasarjana UKSW
Dinyatakan lulus tanggal: 16 Oktober 2013
Katalog Dalam Terbitan
362.73 San C
Sandika, Yohanes Pintu Children’s Perception Towards an Orphanage’s Activities / Yohanes Pintu Sandika.-- Salatiga : Satya Wacana University Press, 2013. 99 p. ; 24 cm. ISBN 978-979-8154-66-9 1. Orphanages 2. Children--Institutional care 3. Social services 4. Foster children I. Title
ISBN 978-979-8154-66-9 © Yohanes Pintu Sandika All rights reserved. Save Exception stated by the law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, included a complete or partial transcription, without the prior written permission of the author, application for which should be addressed to author.
Satya Wacana University Press Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga 50711 Telp. (0298) 321212 Ext. 229, Fax. (0298) 311995
Satya Wacana Christian University
Children’s Perception Towards an Orphanage’s Activities
THESIS
Submitted to obtain Master Degree in Satya Wacana Christian University. This thesis has been defended in the Post Graduate Program of Development Studies Satya Wacana Christian University, on Wednesday, October 16, 2013 in Satya Wacana Christian University Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga.
By : Yohanes Pintu Sandika Born in Salatiga, Indonesia
Supervisor Prapto Yuwono, SE., ME
Examiner Dr. Pamerdi Giri Wiloso, M.Si Neil S. Rupidara., M.Sc., Ph.D
Foreword It is an honor to understand deeper the life of marginalized people and how a nation and group of people are working towards its betterment. It is a wonderful feeling to work with beautiful people and also at the same time being a part in the development towards a brighter future. This study talks about the perception of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) towards the activities held in Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, Salatiga. Their perception is important that we might be allowed to know further what they have received through the caring this far. Chapter One is the starting point; the introduction. It comprises among others the OVC’s reality in the middle of the society or country, the other researches, the purpose and significance of this research. My research methodology and experiences are entirely poured in Chapter Two, inclusive their life in the perspective of parents, written based on the pillar of the research methodology. Chapter Three to Five are the results of my research; the OVC’s perception, Taman Harapan’s view on activities and at last the meeting points between the two. The analysis of each chapter is included in the respective chapter as the final analysis is tied in Chapter Five. To conclude these chapters, conclusion with additional suggestions is added in the closing chapter (Chapter Six). I sincerely hope that the synthesis of this research can influence the thoughts of every single person working in the development fields, especially the field of children development. Hopefully, a ‘will’ to always improve will always be attached in every one’s point of view as we all march on to an expected brighter future. Salatiga, October 7, 2013 Yohanes Pintu Sandika v
Acknowledgements I would like above all to thank God for every single thing that all beautiful people and I have received so that this writing can be finally completed. In completing this research, I would also like to sincerely thank every single person who has shared the common values of loving the marginalized people, particularly the OVC. Through the beginning and completion of this thesis, I would like to appreciate the support of the beloved peoples who have helped me (and the OVC) to make this thesis (and book) happen. Firstly, I would not be able to go this far without my parents. Through this beautiful moment, I would like to express my thankfulness to my beloved parents, brothers and the whole family for every single support and care. Very importantly, I would not be able to even begin my thesis without the help of my guide and supervisor. For this I would like to show my deepest appreciation and gratitude to Mr. Prapto Yuwono for guiding me. I would like to thank him for his time and the encouragement given to me from the beginning to the completion of this thesis. Together with this, I would also like to sincerely thank Mr. Neil S. Rupidara and Mr. Pamerdi Giri Wiloso for their advice and support so that this thesis can be completed. My deepest thankfulness and appreciation to the whole OVC of Taman Harapan (and all beloved marginalized children around the world), the helpful personnel of Dinas Sosial Propinsi Jawa Tengah (Balai Rehsos Woro Wiloso and Unit Rehsos Taman Harapan Salatiga) for wonderful cooperation, share and every single thing given to the completion of this thesis. Finally, I would like to personally thank all my beloved friends whom I believe have spent efforts and time for me in completing this vi
book; Mr. Ari, Maretha Liana Nauli, all the children in Taman Harapan and all beloved friends from Satya Wacana Christian University’s Development Studies Post Graduate Program; Antonio, Ayu, Nilton, Raras. I sincerely thank everyone for every single help. May God bless us all.
Yohanes Pintu Sandika
vii
Abstract Kehidupan anak yatim piatu dan yang rentan – atau disebut OVC (Orphans and Vulnerable Children) – merupakan salah satu fenomena kehidupan yang layak mendapatkan perhatian dari semua pihak. Jumlah OVC di Indonesia (sekitar lima juta orang) memberikan gambaran akan masa depan bangsa. Secara lebih spesifik, negara menyediakan pusat-pusat penanganan OVC untuk diberdayakan melalui Dinas Sosial. Panti Asuhan (atau dalam segala istilah yang digunakan, misalnya rehabilitasi sosial) menjadi salah satu rumah bagi OVC dan Taman Harapan Salatiga adalah salah satu tempat penampungan anak-anak (OVC) dari berbagai daerah di sekitarnya. Dalam pembinaannya, OVC menghadapi banyak kegiatan yang berbeda dari apa yang dihadapi di rumah, yaitu berupa aktivitasaktivitas (diselenggarakan oleh salah satu panti asuhan/rehabilitasi sosial, dalam hal ini Rehabilitasi Sosial milik pemerintah, yaitu Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan). Apa yang OVC tangkap (persepsi) melalui aktivitas menjadi salah satu bagian yang penting dalam proses perkembangan anak tersebut. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa persepsi lengkap OVC Taman Harapan secara umum tidak terjadi. Hal ini berimbas pada perkembangan mereka dalam menyongsong masa depan mereka masing-masing.
viii
Table of Contents Page Foreword ......................................................................................... Acknowledgements ......................................................................... Abstract ........................................................................................... Table of Contents............................................................................. List of Figures................................................................................... List of Tables .................................................................................... List of Abbreviations........................................................................
v vi viii xi xii xiii xiv
Chapter One: Introduction Background ...................................................................................... Literature Review ............................................................................ Other Research ........................................................................ Theoretical Review .................................................................. Research Problem and Question ...................................................... Research Problem .................................................................... Research Question ................................................................... Research Purpose and Significance .................................................. Research Purpose ..................................................................... Research Significance ...............................................................
1 5 5 7 9 9 10 12 12 12
Chapter Two: Research Methodology and Experiences Research Design and Method........................................................... Sampling .................................................................................. Data Collection ........................................................................ Data Analysis ........................................................................... Research Limits ........................................................................ The Story ........................................................................................ Orphanage History .......................................................................... The Changing Terms ................................................................ Balai and Rehsos ....................................................................... The Research Progress and Difficulties ............................................ Personnel ................................................................................. The OVC .................................................................................. The Parents .............................................................................. Emotional Attachment..................................................................... The Roads ........................................................................................ Parent’s Will ...................................................................................
15 16 17 18 18 18 20 20 21 24 24 26 28 32 34 36 ix
Chapter Three: The OVC’s Perceptions Introduction .................................................................................... Research Results .............................................................................. How Children Entered Taman Harapan .................................. External Influences: Parental and Environmental Influence ... Expectation .............................................................................. OVC’s Views to Taman Harapan .............................................. Taman Harapan’s Activities ..................................................... Activity One; Activities of Physical Services .................... Meals .......................................................................... Boarding ..................................................................... Health ........................................................................ Activity Two; Activities of Formal Education Service ...... Activity Three; Activities of Counseling Services ............. Mental ........................................................................ Social .......................................................................... Religion ...................................................................... Skill ............................................................................ Activity Four; Activities of Recreational Services .............
37 37 37 41 42 43 45 45 46 47 47 48 49 50 50 51 51 52
Activity Five; Activities of Non-formal Services ....... 52 Activity Six; Activities of Societal Services ....................... Analysis .......................................................................................... Perception................................................................................. Association................................................................................ Final Perception........................................................................ The Voluntary and Involuntary Will........................................ OVC’s Consciousness ................................................................ Conclusion .......................................................................................
52 54 54 56 57 57 59 61
Chapter Four:The Activities Introduction .................................................................................... Research Results .............................................................................. How OVC Entered Taman Harapan ........................................ The Activities ........................................................................... The Limitations on Activities .......................................................... The Activities Indicators .......................................................... More about Activities .............................................................. The OVC and Achievements ................................................... Analysis .......................................................................................... Institutional Analysis ................................................................ The Institutions inside Taman Harapan .................................... Authoritative .....................................................................
63 63 63 65 68 71 72 73 74 74 78 78
x
Unanalytical Evaluation (Taken for Granted) ................... 79 Formal-Education Oriented Institution ............................ 80 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 80 Chaper Five :The Meeting Points; Activities Through OVC’s and Taman Harapan’s Perspectives Introduction..................................................................................... 81 The Meeting Points.......................................................................... 81 OVC’s Involvements to Activities ............................................ 81
Activities’ Frequency ....................................................... 82 The Tangible Goal ........................................................... 83 The Spirit of Activities ..................................................... 84 Analysis ........................................................................................... The Unmeeting Points .............................................................. The ‘Triangle Of Will’...................................................................... The Fulfillment ......................................................................... Conclusion .......................................................................................
84 85 85 88 90
Chapter Six: Conclusion and Suggestions Conclusion ....................................................................................... 91 Suggestions ...................................................................................... 91 Bibliography ................................................................................... 95
xi
List of Figures
Page Figure 1: Main Building of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan ....... Figure 2: Structure of Organization .......................................................... Figure 3: The Research Map and Location ................................................ Figure 4: The Road to OVC’s House ......................................................... Figure 5: OVC’s House.............................................................................. Figure 6: The Condition of OVC’s Origin ................................................. Figure 7: Activities of Physical Services.................................................... Figure 8: Physical Services........................................................................ Figure 9: Nonscholastic Course................................................................. Figure 10: The OVC’s House Condition.................................................... Figure 11: Taman Harapan Personnel’s Visit ............................................ Figure 12: OVC’s Bedrooms ...................................................................... Figure 13: The Provision of School Uniform to OVC by Taman Harapan Figure 14: The Physical Services............................................................... Figure 15: The Triangle of Will ................................................................
xii
16 23 29 34 38 39 46 47 53 64 65 66 70 83 87
List of Tables Page Table 4.1: Three Pillars of Institutions ......................................... 75
xiii
List of Abbreviations BMC BPS DP3 HIV/AIDS
KESBANGPOLINMAS KEMSOS OVC PERGUB PUSKESMAS REHSOS SETKAB SOP TKI TUPOKSI UNICEF UUD 1945 WAJAR
xiv
Bio Med Central Badan Pusat Statistik Daftar Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik, dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Kementerian Sosial Orphans and Vulnerable Children Peraturan Gubernur Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Rehabilitasi Sosial Sekretariat Kabinet Standard Operating Procedure Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi United Nations Children’s Fund Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Wajib Belajar
