BIOTEKNOLOGI FARMASI Evi Umayah Ulfa
Definisi Bioteknologi: Bio : menggunakan sel hidup Teknologi : Menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau untuk menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat BIOTEKNOLOGI Teknologi yang menggunakan sel hidup ataupun komponen-komponen penyusunnya untuk menghasilkan suatu produk
Perkembangan Bioteknologi BIOTEKNOLOGI KONVENSIONAL Pemanfaatan sel hidup untuk menghasilkan suatu produk Contoh: yogurt, keju, alkohol, tempe, tape,antibiotik, dll (hasil fermentasi) BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN Pemanfaatan sel hidup ataupun komponenkomponennya melalui Teknologi DNA Rekombinan untuk menghasilkan produk
Teknologi DNA Rekombinan
Manipulasi gen Pemindahan gen dari satu organisme ke organisme lain Dipindahkan
ke organisme lain Dikembalikan ke organisme awal dengan modifikasi
Transgenik
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
History of Biotechnology
1860’s-Botanist Gregor Mendel recognizes heredity information is stored in units (now called genes) 1870’s-chromosomes are discovered 1953-DNA Double Helix is discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick (England) 1954-Cell-culturing techniques are first used 1955-An enzyme involved in the production of a nucleic acid is isolated 1956-The fermentation process is perfected
History of Biotechnology
1960-Messenger RNA is discovered 1961-The genetic code is understood 1977-Genetically-engineered bacteria are used to make human growth protein 1978-North Carolina scientists, Hutchinson and Edgell, prove it is possible to introduce specific mutations at specific sites in a DNA molecule 1979-The first monoclonal antibodies are synthesized
History of Biotechnology
1981: The first genetically-engineered plant is reported 1981: 1st mice to be successfully cloned 1982: Humulin, human insulin drug, produced by genetically-engineered bacteria (first biotech drug approved by the FDA) 1984: The DNA fingerprinting technique is developed. 1984: The first genetically-engineered vaccine is developed. 1986: The first biotech-derived interferon drugs for the treatment of cancer are synthesized
History of Biotechnology
1989: Microorganisms are used to clean up the Exxon Valdez oil spill 1990: The first federally-approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully 1992: The structure of HIV RT is elucidated 1993:The FDA declares that genetically engineered foods are "not inherently dangerous" 1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered 1998: Embryonic stem cells are used to regenerate tissue and create disorders that mimic diseases
Manfaat Bioteknologi
Pertanian
• Tanaman dengan varietas unggul • Tahan Hama, patogen, herbisida • Produksi tinggi • Memperlama waktu penyimpanan
Kesehatan
• • • •
Lingkungan
• Bioremidiasi
Industri
• Enzim untuk berbagai industri ( protease detergen)
Forensik
• Paternity Test • Sidik Jari DNA
Produksi obat-obatan (interferon, insulin, dsb) Pencegahan Penyakit : Vaksin (HBV) Terapi Gen Transplantasi organ
Pertanian
Enzim untuk Terapi
Protein terapeutik
Vaksin Rekombinan
Vaksin influenza
Vaksin HPV (Virus Like particle – L1)
Terapi gen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA DNA (Replikasi) DNA RNA (Transkripsi)
RNA Protein ( Translasi)
Informasi Materi Genetik Gene
> DNA sequence AATTCATGAAAATCGTATACTGGTCTGGTACCGGCAACAC TGAGAAAATGGCAGAGCTCATCGCTAAAGGTATCATCGAA TCTGGTAAAGACGTCAACACCATCAACGTGTCTGACGTTA ACATCGATGAACTGCTGAACGAAGATATCCTGATCCTGGG TTGCTCTGCCATGGGCGATGAAGTTCTCGAGGAAAGCGAA TTTGAACCGTTCATCGAAGAGATCTCTACCAAAATCTCTG GTAAGAAGGTTGCGCTGTTCGGTTCTTACGGTTGGGGCGA CGGTAAGTGGATGCGTGACTTCGAAGAACGTATGAACGGC TACGGTTGCGTTGTTGTTGAGACCCCGCTGATCGTTCAGA ACGAGCCGGACGAAGCTGAGCAGGACTGCATCGAATTTGG TAAGAAGATCGCGAACATCTAGTAGA
Function
> Protein sequence MKIVYWSGTGNTEKMAELIAKGIIESGKDVN TINVSDVNI DELLNEDILILGCSAMGDEVLEESEFEPFIEEI STKISGK KVALFGSYGWGDGKWMRDFEERMNGYGC VVVETPLIVQNE PDEAEQDCIEFGKKIANI
Genetic material of cells…
GENES – units of genetic material that CODES FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT Called NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA is made up of repeating molecules called NUCLEOTIDES
Asam Nukleat
DNA dan RNA Polimer polinukleotida Monomer : Nukleotida Gula Fosfat Basa
Komponen Asam Nukleat
DNA
DNA Vs RNA Karakteristik
DNA
RNA
Gula
Deoksiribosa
Ribosa
Basa
AGCT
AGCU
Untai
Ganda
Tunggal
Ikatan antar basa
Fosfodiester
Fosfodiester
Fungsi
Penyimpan informasi
Hasil transkripsi
Letak
Prokariot : Sitoplasma Eukariot : nukleus
Prokariot : sitoplasma Eukariot : Nukleus dan sitoplasma
Protein
Hasil translasi ( RNA protein) Polimer Polipeptida Monomer : Asam Amino (20 asam amino) Ikatan peptida
Asam Amino
Bentuk Protein
Asam Nukleat vs Protein Karakteristik
Asam Nukleat
Protein
Polimer
ya
Ya
Monomer
nukleotida
Asam amino
Polaritas
5’ 3’
NC
Ikatan
Fosfodiester
Peptida
Fungsi
Penyimpan informasi
Hasil ekspresi DNA
Fungsi Protein
Struktural Keratin Kolagen
Fungsional Motilitas
: flagelin Enzim : piruvat kinase Kontraksi: Aktin, Miosin Hormon : Lisozim Reseptor : Asetilkolin Antibodi : Imunoglobin
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA DNA (Replikasi) DNA RNA (Transkripsi)
RNA Protein ( Translasi)
Replikasi
Transkripsi
T R A N S L A S I
