DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul .................................................................................................................................. i Halaman Pernyataan Orisinalitas ..................................................................................................... ii Halaman Pengesahan....................................................................................................................... iii Halaman Pernyataan Persetujuan Publikasi ................................................................................... iv Abstrak ............................................................................................................................................. v Kata Pengantar................................................................................................................................. vi Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................................................... vii Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................................................ x Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Lampiran ............................................................................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................... 1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................................... 1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................................................................. 1.3. Manfaat ................................................................................................................................... 1.4. Ruang Lingkup ......................................................................................................................... 1.5. Metode Pembahasan .............................................................................................................. 1.6. Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................................................ 1.7. Alur Pikir ...................................................................................................................................
1 1 2 2 3 3 3 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 2.1. Tinjauan Pedestrian Mall.......................................................................................................... 2.1.1. Pengertian Pedestrian Mall............................................................................................ 2.1.2. Tipe Mall dan Jalur Pejalan Kaki..................................................................................... 2.1.3. Faktor Penentu Tipe Pedestrian Mall ............................................................................ 2.1.4. Elemen Desain dan Street Furniture .............................................................................. 2.1.5. Kategori Perjalanan Pejalan Kaki ................................................................................... 2.1.6. Aspek yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Kegiatan dalam Ruang Pedestrian ...................... 2.2. Tinjauan Kebudayaan dan Arsitektur Pecinan ......................................................................... 2.2.1. Pengertian Pecinan ........................................................................................................ 2.2.2. Kebudayaan Masyarakat Cina ........................................................................................ 2.2.3. Arsitektur Tradisional Cina ............................................................................................. 2.3. Tinjauan Teori Perancangan Kota ............................................................................................ 2.3.1. Tinjauan Teori Integrasi Kota Roger Trancik .................................................................. 2.3.2. Tinjauan Teori Elemen Perancangan Kota Hamid Shirvani ............................................ 2.4. Studi Banding ........................................................................................................................... 2.4.1. Jalan Braga Bandung ...................................................................................................... 2.4.2. Jalan Pasar Baru Jakarta ................................................................................................. 2.4.3. Jalan Sabang Jakarta ...................................................................................................... 2.4.4. Jalan Malioboro Yogyakarta...........................................................................................
6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 13 13 15 19 19 22 26 29
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BAB III TINJAUAN PENGGAL JALAN JL. PEMUDA PECINAN MAGELANG ................................... 3.1. Tinjauan Jalan Pemuda dalam Lingkup Kota ........................................................................... 3.2. Tinjauan Jalan Pemuda sebagai Kawasan Perdagangan dan Jasa............................................ 3.2.1. Sejarah Perkembangan Kawasan ................................................................................... 3.2.2. Jalan Pemuda sebagai Daerah Perdagangan dan Jasa ................................................... 3.2.3. Analisa Image Pecinan di Jalan Pemuda Magelang ....................................................... 3.3. Tinjauan Non Fisik Penggal Jalan Pemuda ............................................................................... 3.3.1. Pola Kegiatan dalam Kawasan ....................................................................................... 3.3.2. Pergerakan Manusia dalam Kawasan ............................................................................ 3.4. Tinjauan Fisik Penggal Jalan Pemuda ....................................................................................... 3.4.1. Tata Guna Lahan ............................................................................................................ 3.4.2. Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan......................................................................................... 3.4.3. Sirkulasi dan Parkir ......................................................................................................... 3.4.4. Ruang Terbuka ............................................................................................................... 3.4.5. Jalur Pedestrian.............................................................................................................. 3.4.6. Pendukung Aktivitas ...................................................................................................... 3.4.7. Tanda-tanda ................................................................................................................... 3.4.8. Preservasi ....................................................................................................................... 3.5. Analisa Integrasi Ruang Kota .................................................................................................... 3.5.1. Figure/Ground................................................................................................................ 3.5.2. Linkage ........................................................................................................................... 3.5.3. Place ............................................................................................................................... 3.6. Tinjauan Jaringan Utilitas Kawasan .......................................................................................... 3.6.1. Jaringan Air Bersih ......................................................................................................... 3.6.2. Jaringan Air Kotor........................................................................................................... 3.6.3. Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................................................... 3.6.4. Jaringan Telekomunikasi ................................................................................................ 3.6.5. Jaringan Limbah ............................................................................................................. 3.6.6. Jaringan Pemadam Kebakaran .......................................................................................
36 36 36 36 37 38 40 40 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 44 45 45 45 45 45 46 47 47 47 47 48 48 48
BAB IV PENDEKATAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR .............. 4.1. Dasar Pendekatan ................................................................................................................... 4.2. Pendekatan Integrasi Ruang Kota ............................................................................................ 4.2.1. Pendekatan Figure Ground ............................................................................................ 4.2.2. Pendekatan Lingkage ..................................................................................................... 4.2.3. Pendekatan Place ........................................................................................................... 4.3. Pendekatan Elemen Perancangan Kota ................................................................................... 4.3.1. Pendekatan Tata Guna Lahan ........................................................................................ 4.3.2. Pendekatan Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan .................................................................... 4.3.3. Pendekatan Sirkulasi dan Parkir..................................................................................... 4.3.4. Pendekatan Ruang Terbuka ........................................................................................... 4.3.5. Pendekatan Jalur Pedestrian ......................................................................................... 4.3.6. Pendekatan Pendukung Aktivitas .................................................................................. 4.3.7. Pendekatan Penanda dan Simbol .................................................................................. 4.3.8. Pendekatan Bangunan yang Dipreservasi......................................................................
51 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 viii
4.4. Pendekatan Perencanaan dan Perancangan Kawasan ............................................................ 4.4.1. Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional ....................................................................................... 4.4.2. Pendekatan Aspek Teknis .............................................................................................. 4.4.3. Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja ............................................................................................. 4.4.4. Pendekatan Aspek Arsitektural ......................................................................................
57 57 72 72 75
BAB V PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ..................................... 5.1. Konsep Dasar............................................................................................................................ 5.1.1. Konsep Perencanaan Kawasan ...................................................................................... 5.1.2. Konsep Perancangan Kawasan ...................................................................................... Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................................................. Berita Acara...................................................................................................................................... Lampiran .........................................................................................................................................
76 76 76 76 81 83 86
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gb. 1. Diagram Alur Pikir .................................................................................................................. Gb.2. Lima Tipe Atap Bangunan Cina dan Gambar Tampak Gunungan.......................................... Gb.3. Bangunan-bangunan di sepanjang Jalan Braga ...................................................................... Gb.4. Parking on Street (kiri) dan Lalu Lintas Kendaraan(kanan) di Jalan Braga ............................. Gb.5. Ruang Terbuka di Jalan Braga................................................................................................. Gb.6. Jalur Pedestrian di Jalan Braga ............................................................................................... Gb.7. Kegiatan PKL di Siang Hari ...................................................................................................... Gb.8. Papan Nama Bangunan yang Memiliki Ciri Masing-masing ................................................... Gb.9. Bangunan-bangunan yang Dipreservasi di Jalan Braga .......................................................... Gb.10.Gerbang Kawasan Passer Baroe ............................................................................................ Gb.11.Arcade di Pasar Baru ............................................................................................................. Gb.12.Bangunan di Pasar Baru ........................................................................................................ Gb.13.Pernaungan pada Muka Bangunan di Pasar Baru ................................................................. Gb.14.Parkir di Bahu Jalan ............................................................................................................... Gb.15.Fasilitas Parkir di Pasar Baru ................................................................................................. Gb.16.Sirkulasi Jalan Pasar Baru ...................................................................................................... Gb.17.Ruang Terbuka pada Jalan Pasar Baru .................................................................................. Gb.18.Jalur dengan Arcade pada Pasar Baru ................................................................................... Gb.19.Jalur Pedestrian pada Pasar Baru .......................................................................................... Gb.20.Plaza pada Jalan Pasar Baru .................................................................................................. Gb.21.PKL pada Jalan Pasar Baru ..................................................................................................... Gb.22.Gerbang Pasar Baru ............................................................................................................... Gb.23.Penanda Bangunan di Jalan Pasar Baru ................................................................................ Gb.24.Bangunan yang Dipreservasi di Jalan Pasar Baru .................................................................. Gb.25.Bangunan di Jalan Sabang ..................................................................................................... Gb.26.Bentuk Muka Bangunan di Jalan Sabang............................................................................... Gb.27.Sirkulasi di Jalan Sabang ........................................................................................................ Gb.28.Parkir Badan Jalan di Jalan Sabang ........................................................................................ Gb.29.Vegetasi di Jalan Sabang ....................................................................................................... Gb.30.Jalur Pedestrian di Jalan Sabang ........................................................................................... Gb.31.Tempat Sampah Jalur Pedestrian di Jalan Sabang ................................................................ Gb.32.PKL Kuliner di Jalan Sabang ................................................................................................... Gb.33.Penanda Bangunan dan Himbauan di Jalan Sabang ............................................................. Gb.34.Bangunan yang Dipreservasi di Jalan Sabang........................................................................ Gb.35. Jalan Malioboro (kiri) dan Seni Jalanan (kanan) di Malam Hari ........................................... Gb.36. Bangunan-bangunan di Jalan Malioboro.............................................................................. Gb.37. Parkir Kendaraan di Jalan Malioboro ................................................................................... Gb.38. Sirkulasi Jalur Lambat (kiri) dan Jalur Cepat di Jalan Malioboro .......................................... Gb.39. Vegetasi dan Scupture di Jalan Malioboro ........................................................................... Gb.40. Jalur Pedestrian dan Arcade di Jalan Malioboro .................................................................. Gb.41. PKL Kuliner dan Pakaian serta Sarana Toilet Umum di Jalan Malioboro ............................. Gb.42.Penanda Bangunan dan Kawasan di Jalan Malioboro...........................................................
5 12 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 x
Gb.43. Penanda Informatif di Jalan Malioboro ................................................................................ Gb.44. Bangunan-Bangunan yang Dipreservasi di Jalan Malioboro ............................................... Gb.45. Aerial Pecinan Tahun 1930 ................................................................................................... Gb.46. Bioskop Kresna dan Tugu Magelang Nol Kilometer ............................................................. Gb.47. Pecinan tahun 1903 .............................................................................................................. Gb.48. Pecinan tahun 1937 .............................................................................................................. Gb.49.Peta Orientasi Jalan Terhadap Kawasan Pecinan .................................................................. Gb.50. Klenteng Liong Hok Bio di Jalan Pemuda Magelang............................................................. Gb.51. Salah satu toko yang beridentitas Cina ................................................................................ Gb.52. Kirab Budaya TITD Liong Hok Bio di Jalan Pemuda .............................................................. Gb.53. PKL Menetap(Kiri) dan PKL Bergerak(Kanan) di Jalur Pedestrain Jalan Pemuda ................. Gb.54. On Street Parking di Jalan Pemuda ...................................................................................... Gb.55. Jalur Pedestrian sisi Timur(kiri) dan sisi Barat(kanan) .......................................................... Gb.56. Billboard Bertiang(Kiri) dan Billboard Papan Besar(Kanan) di Jalan Pemuda ...................... Gb.57. Klenteng Liong Hok Bio(Kiri) dan Tugu Magelang Nol Kilometer(Kanan) ............................ Gb.58. Menara Air Kota Magelang .................................................................................................. Gb.59. Cara Kerja Menara Air .......................................................................................................... Gb.60. Sudut Pandang Manusia terhadap tinggi Bangunan ............................................................ Gb.61. Eye Level Design yang Dirancang ......................................................................................... Gb.62. Diagram pol kegiatan pada jalan Pemuda............................................................................
33 33 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 45 73 73 77 77 79
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Tata Guna Lahan Jalan Braga ............................................................................................. Tabel 2. Tata Guna Lahan Jalan Pasar Baru ..................................................................................... Tabel 3. Tata Guna Lahan Jalan Sabang ........................................................................................... Tabel 4. Tata Guna Lahan Jalan Malioboro ...................................................................................... Tabel 5. Perbandingan Studi Banding .............................................................................................. Tabel 6. Aktivitas PKL di Jalan Pemuda ............................................................................................ Tabel. 7. Kesimpulan Potensi dan Masalah Jalan Pemuda .............................................................. Tabel 8. Pembagian Kelas PKL .......................................................................................................... Tabel 9. Fungsi Ruang yang Ada pada Penggal Jalan Pemuda ......................................................... Tabel 10. Fungsi Ruang yang Dikembangkan pada Penggal Jalan Pemuda .....................................
20 23 27 30 33 44 48 56 59 60
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran I.1 Peta Tata Ruang Kota Magelang ................................................................................. Lampiran I.2 Kekuatan Artefak Unit Cell Compartiments Chinois Pecinan Magelang .................... Lampiran I.3 Linkage Kawasan Terhadap Kota ................................................................................ Lampiran I.4 Fasade Bangunan Eksisting Jalan Pemuda .................................................................. Lampiran I.5 Ketinggian Dan Kepejalan Bangunan .......................................................................... Lampiran I.6 Peta Sirkulasi Dan Parkir Jalan Pemuda ...................................................................... Lampiran I.7 Ruang Terbuka Eksisting Jalan Pemuda ...................................................................... Lampiran I.8 Jalur Pedestrian Jalan Pemuda ................................................................................... Lampiran I.9 Peta Figure Ground Eksisting Jalan Pemuda ............................................................... Lampiran I.10 Peta Linkage Jalan Pemuda ....................................................................................... Lampiran I.11 Peta Pembagian Zona ............................................................................................... Lampiran I.12 Rencana Sirkulasi Dan Parkir..................................................................................... Lampiran I.13 Rencana Jalur Pedestrian .......................................................................................... Lampiran I.14 Rencana Ruang Terbuka Pada Jalan Pemuda ........................................................... Lampiran II.1 Tabel Bangunan Yang Beridentitas Cina Di Jalan Pemuda ......................................... Lampiran II.2 Jenis Dan Jumlah Lantai Bangunan Di Jalan Pemuda................................................. Lampiran II.3 Tabel Jenis Dan Fungsi Bangunan Pada Mikro Kawasan............................................ Lampiran II.4 Tabel Pendataan Aktivitas Di Penggal Jalan Pemuda ................................................ Lampiran II.5 Tabel Hubungan Pelaku Dan Aktivitas ....................................................................... Lampiran II.6 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang Per Zona ................................................................... Lampiran II.7 Program Ruang ..........................................................................................................
86 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 101 102 103 105 110 112 122 123 124
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