BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. i KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... ii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH................................................................................ iii DAFTAR ISI ...........................................................................................................v DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GRAFIK ................................................................................................x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................1 B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................2 C. Tujuan ......................................................................................................3 D. Batasan Masalah Manfaat .......................................................................3 E. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................5 A. Sel Surya .................................................................................................5 B. Pengisi Baterai (Charge Controller) .......................................................8 C. Akumulator ............................................................................................11 D. Fotoresistor/Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) ......................................13 E. Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535 ..............................................................15 F. Driver .....................................................................................................16 G. Light Emitting Diode (LED) .................................................................18 H. Motor DC ..............................................................................................20 I. Bahasa C .................................................................................................21 J. CodeVisionAVR .....................................................................................23 K. Proteus ...................................................................................................24 i

Wida Lidiawati, 2014 OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN MODUL SURYA SEBAGAI CATU DAYA PADA LAMPU, TIRAI, DAN KIPAS ANGIN OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ..........................................................26 A. Metode Penelitian..................................................................................26 B. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ...............................................................26 C. Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................................27 D. Prosedur Penelitian................................................................................27

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN..............................................................46 A. Modul Surya ..........................................................................................46 B. Charge Controller ..................................................................................47 C. Catu Daya ..............................................................................................52 D. Sensor Cahaya .......................................................................................53 E. Driver Motor DC ...................................................................................54 F. Sistem Kontrol .......................................................................................55 G. Sistem Secara Keseluruhan ...................................................................61

BAB V PENUTUP ................................................................................................64 A. Simpulan................................................................................................64 B. Saran ......................................................................................................64

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................65 LAMPIRAN ..........................................................................................................67

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Prinsip Kerja Sel Surya ......................................................................................5 2.2 Bentuk PV Cell, Modul, dan Array....................................................................6 2.3 Karakteristik I-V pada Sel Surya .......................................................................7 2.4 Karakterisasi P-V pada Sel Surya ......................................................................7 2.5 Sistem Kerja Charge Controller ......................................................................11 2.6 Prinsip Pengosongan dan Pengisian Akumulator ............................................12 2.7 Rangkaian LDR ................................................................................................14 2.8 Konfigurasi Pin ATmega 8535 ........................................................................16 2.9 Prinsip Kerja Jembatan-H ................................................................................17 2.10 Datasheet L293D ...........................................................................................17 2.11 Struktur LED ..................................................................................................19 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ...................................................................................28 3.2 Diagram Blok Perangkat Keras (a) Sistem Catu Daya (b) Sistem Otomatisasi ......................................................................................29 3.3 Desain Konstruksi Mekanik untuk Menggerakkan Tirai .................................30 3.4 Desain Konstruksi Mekanik untuk Menggerakkan Kipas Angin ....................31 3.5 Rangkaian Charge Controller ..........................................................................32 3.6 Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya ................................................................................33 3.7 Susunan LED ...................................................................................................34 3.8 Sistem Minimum dan Programmer ATmega 8535 ..........................................35 3.9 Rangkaian Sistem Otomatisasi.........................................................................36 3.10 Rangkaian Regulator Tegangan .....................................................................38 iii


3.11 Diagram Alir Program....................................................................................39 3.12 Tampilan Awal ISIS Proteus ..........................................................................41 3.13 Toolbar ISIS 7 Profesional .............................................................................41 3.14 Code Program (Source Code) ........................................................................44 3.15 Memasukkan Program ke Mikrokontroler .....................................................45 4.1 Kurva I-V Modul Surya ...................................................................................46 4.2 Modul Surya yang Digunakan .........................................................................47 4.3 Skema Pengujian Saat Pengosongan Akumulator ...........................................48 4.4 Skema Pengujian Saat Pengisian Akumulator .................................................50 4.5 Diagram Blok Sistem Kontrol ..........................................................................55 4.6 Lampu Padam, Tirai Terbuka, dan Kipas Angin Menyala ..............................60 4.7 Lampu Menyala, Tirai Tertutup, dan Kipas Angin Mati .................................60

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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Tabel Kebenaran L293 untuk Pengendalian Motor .........................................18 4.1 Hasil Pengukuran Catu Daya ...........................................................................53 4.2 Tegangan Keluaran Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya ...............................................54 4.3 Hasil Pengujian Driver L293D pada Motor DC ..............................................55 4.4 Hasil Pengujian Sensor Cahaya dan Lampu ....................................................58 4.5 Hasil Pengujian Sensor Cahaya dan Tirai ........................................................58 4.6 Hasil Pengujian Sensor Inframerah dan Kipas Angin......................................59 4.7 Data Pemakaian Daya pada Beban ..................................................................61 4.8 Sisa Energi yang Digunakan Beban .................................................................62

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DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik 4.1 Grafik V = f(t) Saat Pengosongan Akumulator dengan Beban LED ...............48 4.1 Grafik V = f(t) Saat Pengosongan Akumulator dengan Beban Motor DC ......49 4.1 Grafik V = f(t) Saat Pengosongan Akumulator dengan Beban LED dan Motor DC ...................................................................................................................50 4.2 Grafik V = f(t) Saat Pengisian Akumulator .....................................................51

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Data Intensitas dan Tegangan Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya 2 Data Pengosongan Akumulator Beban LED 3 Data Pengosongan Akumulator Beban Motor DC 4 Data Pengosongan Akumulator Beban LED dan Motor DC 5 Data Pengisian Akumulator 6 Layout PCB 7 Listing Program Otomatisasi Lampu, Tirai, dan Kipas angin 8 Dokumentasi Kegiatan 9 Datasheet

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

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