DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................ ii BERITA ACARA................................................................................................... iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................ iv KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................ vii ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ x DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. xvii DAFTAR NOTASI................................................................................................. xviii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................. 1 1.1
Latar Belakang .............................................................................. 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah.......................................................................... 2
1.3
Batasan Masalah ............................................................................ 2
1.4
Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................ 3
1.5
Tujuan Tugas Akhir ....................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA......................................................................... 4 2.1
Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. 4
2.2
Fungsi Perkerasan Jalan ........................................................... .... 4
2.3
Lapisan Perkerasan Paving Block.................................................. 5 2.3.1
Lapisan Subgrade............................................................... 5
2.3.2
Lapisan Subbase................................................................. 5
2.3.3
Jointing dan Bedding Sand ................................................ 6
2.3.4
Paver .................................................................................. 6
2.4 Landasan Teori Bentuk Hexagonal ................................................... 10 2.5 Tahapan Pada SAP2000 ..................................................................... 11 xi
2.6 Tahapan Pada Plaxis .......................................................................... 14 2.6.1
Plane Strain ....................................................................... 15
2.6.2
Axisymmetry....................................................................... 15
2.7 Penelitian Terdahulu .......................................................................... 16
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN........................................................... 19 3.1
Diagram Alir .................................................................................. 19
3.2
Jenis Penelitian............................................................................... 20
3.3
Studi Pustaka.................................................................................. 21
3.4
Batasan masalah............................................................................. 21
3.5 Metode Pengumpulan Data .............................................................
21
3.5.1 Data Primer ......................................................................
21
3.5.2 Data Sekunder ..................................................................
22
3.6 Metode dan Analisis Pembahasan ..................................................
24
3.7 Hasil Perhitungan ............................................................................
26
BAB IV ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN......................................................... 27 4.1 Aspek Dasar ....................................................................................... 27 4.2 Membuktikan Bahwa Bentuk Hexagonal sebagai Bentuk yang Paling Optimum ................................................................................. 27 4.2.1 Makna Mengenai Surat (An-Nahl 68-69) .......................... 28 4.2.2 Fakta-fakta Mengenai Surat (An-Nahl 68-69) ................... 28 4.2.3 Kesimpulan Mengenai Surat (An-Nahl 68-69) ................. 33 4.3 Menentukan Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Aspek Interloging dan Proses Pemasangan Pola Paving Block ............................................. 34 4.4 Aspek Kekuatan dengan Menentukan Besarnya Momen dan Deformasi Paving Block dengan Program SAP2000......................... 38 4.4.1 Data Mutu Paving Block .................................................... 38 4.4.2 Data Distribusi Pembebanan ............................................. 39 4.4.3 Data Ukuran dan Bentuk Paving Block ............................ 40 4.4.4 Perhitungan ....................................................................... 41 xii
4.4.5 Analisa Kekuatan .............................................................. 44 4.5 Aspek Analisa Penurunan Tanah Dasar dengan Plaxis............................... 55
4.5.1 Data Parameter Tanah Asli ............................................... 55 4.5.2 Data Parameter Tanah Timbunan ...................................... 56 4.5.3 Data Hasil Deformasi Paving Block ................................. 57 4.5.4 Perhitungan ....................................................................... 60 4.5.5 Pemodelan Plaxis .............................................................. 62 BAB V PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 5.2
Rekomendasi ..................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
xiii
81 81 82
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Kekuatan Fisik Bata beton (Paving Block) ............................................
10
Tabel 3.1 Distribusi Pembebanan masing-masing kendaraan................................
22
Tabel 3.2 Mutu Paving Block.................................................................................
23
Tabel 3.3 Ukuran Paving Block .............................................................................
23
Tabel 3.4 Data Parameter Tanah Timbunan...........................................................
24
Tabel 3.4 Data Parameter Tanah Asli ....................................................................
24
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Interlocking...................................................................................
35
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Bentuk Paving Block dari Aspek Penguncian dan Pemasangan..................................................................
37
Tabel 4.3 Data Mutu Paving Block ........................................................................
39
Tabel 4.4 Distribusi Pembebanan...........................................................................
40
Tabel 4.5 Ukuran dan Bentuk Paving Block ..........................................................
41
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Moment dan Deformasi Paving Block tebal 6cm .........................
52
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Moment dan Deformasi Paving Block tebal 8cm .........................
53
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Moment dan Deformasi Paving Block tebal 10cm .......................
54
Tabel 4.7 Parameter Tanah Asli.............................................................................
55
Tabel 4.8 Parameter Tanah Timbunan ...................................................................
56
Tabel 4.9 Deformasi Paving Block tebal 10cm......................................................
57
Tabel 4.10 Deformasi Paving Block tebal 8cm......................................................
58
Tabel 4.11 Deformasi Paving Block tebal 6cm......................................................
59
Tabel 4.12 Hasil Penurunan Tanah ........................................................................
80
xvii
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1
Komponen dan Struktur Perkerasan Paving Block ........................
5
Gambar 2.2
Jenis jenis penataan paving ............................................................
8
Gambar 2.3
Gambar Bentuk Paving Block ........................................................
9
Gambar 2.4
Model axisymmetry ........................................................................
16
Gambar 3.1
Langkah-langkah Program SAP2000 .............................................
25
Gambar 4.1
Keteraturan Sudut yang Sangat Akurat ..........................................
31
Gambar 4.2 Hexagonal Sebagai Bentuk yang Paling Stabil ...............................
31
Gambar 4.3
Dristribusi Pembebanan kendaraan jenis Trailer............................
43
Gambar 4.4
New Model .....................................................................................
44
Gambar 4.5
Define Grid System Data................................................................
45
Gambar 4.6
Define (Materials) ..........................................................................
45
Gambar 4.7
Materials Property Data..................................................................
46
Gambar 4.8
Section Data....................................................................................
46
Gambar 4.9
Draw Poly Area ..............................................................................
47
Gambar 4.10
Properties of Object ......................................................................
47
Gambar 4.11
Joint Restraints .............................................................................
48
Gambar 4.12
Center Point ..................................................................................
48
Gambar 4.13
Joint Forces...................................................................................
49
Gambar 4.14
Area Uniform Loads.....................................................................
49
Gambar 4.15
Assign Automatic Area Mesh ......................................................
50
Gambar 4.16
Run Now.......................................................................................
50
Gambar 4.17
Hasil Deformasi Persegi Panjang .................................................
51
Gambar 4.18
Hasil Moment Persegi Panjang.....................................................
51
Gambar 4.19
Lapisan paving block....................................................................
55
xiv
Gambar 4.20
Distribusi Beban Roda..................................................................
60
Gambar 4.21
Permodelan PLAXIS ....................................................................
62
Gambar 4.22
General Setting (Project) ..............................................................
64
Gambar 4.23
General Setting (Dimensions) ......................................................
64
Gambar 4.24
Geometri Line pada Bentuk Standart Fixties ...............................
65
Gambar 4.25
Properties tanah pada tab general lapisan 1 (paver).....................
66
Gambar 4.26
Properties tanah pada parameter lapisan 1 (paver).......................
66
Gambar 4.27
Properties tanah pada tab interface lapisan 1 (paver)...................
67
Gambar 4.28
Properties tanah pada tab general lapisan 2 (bedding sand).........
67
Gambar 4.29
Properties tanah pada parameter lapisan 2 (bedding sand) ..........
68
Gambar 4.30
Properties tanah pada tab interface lapisan 2 (bedding sand).......
68
Gambar 4.31
Properties tanah pada tab general lapisan 4 (subbase course) .....
69
Gambar 4.32
Properties tanah pada parameter lapisan 4 (subbase course) .......
69
Gambar 4.33
properties tanah pada tab interface lapisan 4 (subbase course) ...
70
Gambar 4.34
Properties tanah pada tab general lapisan 4 (tanah asli) ..............
70
Gambar 4.35
Properties tanah pada parameter lapisan 4 (tanah asli)................
71
Gambar 4.36
Properties tanah pada tab interface lapisan 4 (tanah asli)............
71
Gambar 4.37
Pengisian Material Sets ................................................................
72
Gambar 4.38
View element mesh .......................................................................
73
Gambar 4.39
muka air dalam pemodelan...........................................................
74
Gambar 4.40
Tekanan air pori aktif ...................................................................
74
Gambar 4.41
initial soil stresses ........................................................................
75
Gambar 4.42
Jendela multipliers........................................................................
76
Gambar 4.43
Phase ............................................................................................
77
Gambar 4.44
Kalkulasi.......................................................................................
77
xv
Gambar 4.45
Deformed mesh (1) .......................................................................
78
Gambar 4.46
Deformed mesh (2) .......................................................................
78
Gambar 4.47
Deformed mesh (3) .......................................................................
79
Gambar 4.48
Deformed mesh (4) .......................................................................
79
xvi
DAFTAR NOTASI
( Φ)
Sudut geser dalam
(ψ)
Sudut dilatasi
(γdry)
Berat isi tanah kering
(γsat )
Berat isi tanah jenuh air
(C)
Nilai kohesi
( Eref )
Modulus Young
(v)
Poisson Ratio
(k)
Permeabilitas
(w)
Kadar air
(e)
Void ratio
(n)
Porosity
( Gs )
Spesific gravity
( kx )
Koefisien permeabilitas arah horisontal
( ky )
Koefisien permeabilitas arah vertical
(R)
Interface reducition faktor
(E)
Modulus Elastisitas
( f’c )
Kuat Tekan
xviii
