APLIKASI THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) SEBAGAI CO-SUBSTRAT PADA PROSES ANAEROBIK DIGESTI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS

AGRITECH, Vol. 36, No. 1, Februari 2016

APLIKASI THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) SEBAGAI CO-SUBSTRAT PADA PROSES ANAEROBIK DIGESTI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS $SSOLFDWLRQRI7KHUPDO3UHWUHDWPHQWRQ&RUQ6WRYHUZea mays DV$&R6XEVWUDWHLQ$QDHURELF 'LJHVWLRQ3URFHVVIRU%LRJDV3URGXFWLRQ Darwin, Yusmanizar, Muhammad Ilham, Afrizal Fazil, Satria Purwanto, Sarbaini, Fatwa Dhiauddin -XUXVDQ7HNQLN3HUWDQLDQ)DNXOWDV3HUWDQLDQ8QLYHUVLWDV6\LDK.XDOD Jl. Krueng Kalee, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 (PDLOGUZLQBDH#\DKRRFRP ABSTRAK Thermal pre-treatment GLEHULNDQSDGDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJGHQJDQWXMXDQXQWXNPHPHFDKNDQNDQGXQJDQOLJQLQ \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ VHKLQJJD PHPXGDKNDQ PLNURRUJDQLVPH DQDHURELN XQWXN PHQJNRQYHUVL SROLPHU\DQJEHUXSDVHOXORVDGDQKHPLVHOXORVDPHQMDGLELRJDV7XMXDQGDULSHQHOLWLDQLQLDGDODKXQWXNPHODNXNDQ NDMLDQPHQJHQDLSHQHUDSDQthermal pre-treatment SDGDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJWHUKDGDSSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJ PHOLSXWLH¿VLHQVLSURVHVGLJHVLGDQSURGXNVLELRJDV\DQJGLKDVLONDQ3HQHOLWLDQLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQ UHDNWRU WLSH batch \DQJ VXKXQ\D GLSHUWDKDQNDQ SDGD NRQGLVL mesophilic DWDX GL DWDV UDWDUDWD VXKX NDPDU o & +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GLSHUROHK EDKZD thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ PDPSX PHPSHUFHSDWSURVHVSURGXNVLELRJDVSDGDKDULSHUWDPDVHKLQJJDGDSDWPHQJXUDQJLlag-phase SDGDSURVHVDQDHURELN GLJHVL/LPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatmentPHQJDODPLSHUODPEDWDQSURGXNVLELRJDVSDGD KDUL NH GHQJDQ UDWDUDWD WRWDO SURGXNVL P/ XQWXN OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pretreatmentVHODPDPHQLWGDQP/XQWXNOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment selama PHQLWVHGDQJNDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpre-treatmentPHQJKDVLONDQSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDU P/SDGDKDULNH3URGXNVLELRJDVKDULDQWHUWLQJJLWHUMDGLSDGDVXEVWUDW\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment PHQLWGHQJDQSURGXNVLELRJDVWHUWLQJJLSDGDKDULNHGHQJDQUDWDUDWDSURGXNVLVHEHVDUP/6XEVWUDW\DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatmentPHQLWMXJDPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVMDXKOHELKWLQJJLP/ SDGDKDULNHMLND GLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDWWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment\DQJKDQ\DPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDUP/'DWD KDVLOSHQHOLWLDQPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatmentPHPSHUROHKbiogas yield OHELKWLQJJLGDULSDGD\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpre-treatmentGLPDQDP/Jvolatile solids untuk thermal pretreatment PHQLWP/Jvolatile solids untuk thermal pre-treatmentPHQLWGDQP/Jvolatile solids XQWXNOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpre-treatment. Kata kunci: Thermal pre-treatment, limbah tanaman jagung, anaerobik digesi, biogas ABSTRACT 7KHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWZDVJLYHQRQFRUQVWRYHULQWKHSXUSRVHRIEUHDNLQJWKHOLJQLQFRQWHQWWKXVLWPD\KHOSDQDHURELF PLFURRUJDQLVPVWRFRQYHUWSRO\PHULQFOXGLQJFHOOXORVHDQGKHPLFHOOXORVHVLQWRELRJDV7KLVVWXG\DLPHGWRLQYHVWLJDWH WKHHIIHFWVRIWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWRQFRUQVWRYHULQDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQSURFHVVUHODWHGWRWKHSURGXFWLRQRIELRJDV DVZHOODVGLJHVWLRQSURFHVVHI¿FLHQF\7KLVUHVHDUFKZDVFDUULHGRXWE\XWLOL]LQJEDWFKUHDFWRUVZKHUHWKHWHPSHUDWXUH ZDVPDLQWDLQHGDWPHVRSKLOLFFRQGLWLRQVDERYHURRPWHPSHUDWXUHo& %DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWLWZDVNQRZQWKDW WKHUPDO SUHWUHDWPHQW JLYHQ RQ WKH FRUQ VWRYHU PD\ HQKDQFH DQDHURELF GLJHVWLRQ SURFHVV IRU ELRJDV SURGXFWLRQ DW WKH¿UVWGD\V7KLVFRQGLWLRQUHGXFHGWKHWLPHRIODJSKDVHGXULQJDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQ7KHELRJDVSURGXFWLRQRI FRUQVWRYHUJLYHQWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWZDVVORZDWGD\VZKHUHWKHLUDYHUDJHWRWDOSURGXFWLRQZHUHP/ P/DWDQGPLQXWHVWKHUPDOSUHWUHDWPHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKLOHELRJDVSURGXFWLRQRIQRQSUHWUHDWHGFRUQ VWRYHUZDVP/7KHKLJKHVWGDLO\ELRJDVSURGXFWLRQZDVDFFRPSOLVKHGE\FRUQVWRYHUWKDWZDVJLYHQWKHUPDO

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GHQJDQ FDUD GLPDVXNNDQ NH GDODP ZDGDK \DQJ EHULVL DLU SDQDV GHQJDQ WHPSHUDWXUH o& 'XUDVL SHPDQDVDQ GLVHVXDLNDQ GHQJDQ SHUODNXDQ SHUFREDDQ \DLWX GDQ PHQLW 'LODNXNDQ SHQJXNXUDQ total solids dan volatile solids GDUL OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DQJ VXGDK GLJLOLQJ GDQ \DQJVXGDKGLODNXNDQthermal pre-treatment, serta inokulum atau starter \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ ,QRNROXP \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL \DLWX YY GDUL OLWHU YROXPH NHUMD UHDNWRU DQDHURELN \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ ,QRNXOXP LQL GLSHUROHK dari HIÀXHQW SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL OLPEDK manure VDSL \DQJ GLRSHUDVLNDQ SDGD UHDNWRU VHPL NRQWLQX \DQJ VXKXQ\D MXJDGLSHUWDKDQNDQSDGDNRQGLVLmesophilic atau di atas rataUDWDVXKXNDPDU o& 3URVHVDQDHURELNGLODNXNDQ SDGD NRQVHQWUDVL total solids. Persentase atau jumlah ELRPDVVD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment GDQ \DQJ WLGDN GLEHULNDQ pre-treatment) \DQJ GLPDVXNNDQ NH GDODP UHDNWRU GLGDVDUNDQ SDGD MXPODK LQRNXOXP J/ GDQ ELRPDVVD J/ ,QRNXOXP \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHPLOLNL NDUDNWHULVWLN EHUXSDS+NRQVHQWUDVLtotal solidsGDQvolatile solids $GDSXQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ NHULQJ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ \DLWX PHPLOLNL total solids GDQ volatile solids

GLSHUWDKDQNDQ SDGD NRQGLVL mesophilic atau di atas rataUDWD VXKX NDPDU o& 3HQJXNXUDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV GLODNXNDQVHWLDSKDULGHQJDQPHQFDWDWSHQLQJNDWDQOHYHOJDV SDGDJDVPHWHU3DGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLLQLELRJDV\DQJ GLKDVLONDQGDULUHDNWRUGLKXEXQJNDQNHWDEXQJ\DQJEHULVLDLU dan kemudian biogas tersebut dialirkan ke tabung gas meter. %LRJDV \DQJ GLDOLUNDQ NH WDEXQJ \DQJ EHULVL DLU EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHPEHUVLKNDQ NDQGXQJDQ ELRJDV GDUL NRPSRQHQ NRPSRQHQ \DQJ WLGDN GLLQJLQNDQ VHSHUWL KLGURJHQ VXO¿GD +26 GDQNDUERQGLRNVLGD&22 =KDRGNN'DUZLQ GNN 0HWRGH LQL GLWHUDSNDQ NDUHQD &22 GDQ +2S PHUXSDNDQNRPSRQHQGDULELRJDV\DQJOHELKPXGDKODUXWGL GDODPDLUGLEDQGLQJNDQJDVPHWDQ=KDRGNN Pengamatan dan Analisis 3DUDPHWHUDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJGLDPDWL\DLWXSURGXNVL ELRJDV SHU KDUL SHQJXNXUDQ S+ total solids 76 volatile solids 96 total dissolved solids 7'6 GDQ WRWDO NMHGDKO QLWURJHQ 7.1 WHUKDGDS EDKDQ \DQJ GLPDVXNNDQ LQÀXHQW) NH GDODP UHDNWRU GDQ EDKDQ \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ HIÀXHQW) GDULUHDNWRUVHWHODKVHOHVDLQ\DSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJ GLWDQGDLGHQJDQEHUKHQWLQ\DSURGXNVLELRJDV$QDOLVDVDPSHO LQÀXHQW dan HIÀXHQW LQL GLODNXNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ ³PHWRGH VWDQGDU´$3+$ 'XUDVL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL VHUWD SHQJXNXUDQ SURGXNVLELRJDVGLWHQWXNDQEHUGDVDUNDQVHEHUDSDODPDSURVHV DQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULWLDSWLDSUHDNWRUPHQJKDVLONDQELRJDV 3HQJXNXUDQ SDUDPHWHU H¿VLHQVL GLJHVL GLSHUOXNDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL NLQHUMD GDUL WLDSWLDS UHDNWRU DQDHURELN GDODP PHQMDODQLSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL-RDQH'DUZLQGNN SHQJXNXUDQSDUDPHWHUH¿VLHQVLGLJHVL\DQJGLODNXNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHOLSXWL volatile solids reduction, dan biogas yield. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Produksi Biogas

*DPEDU'LDJUDPDOLUWDKDSDQSHQHOLWLDQ

Proses Anaerobik Digesi 5HDNWRU \DQJ VXGDK GLLVLNDQ GHQJDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ PHOLSXWL UHDNWRU \DQJ KDQ\D EHULVL LQRNXOXP GDQ manure VDSL UHDNWRU \DQJ EHULVL LQRNXOXP GDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQpretreatment, serta inokulum dan OLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pretreatment diletakkan di dalam thermostatic waterbath \DQJ VXKXQ\D

82

Produksi biogas dari manure WDQSD SHQDPEDKDQ feedstock limbah tanaman jagung sangat sedikit dibandingkan GHQJDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL FDPSXUDQ manure VDSL GDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ FRGLJHVL +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDSURGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLIGDUL manure VDSL VHODPD KDUL PHQJDODPL SHQLQJNDWDQ \DQJ WLGDN VLJQL¿NDQ GHQJDQ WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV VDPSDL KDUL NHDGDODKP/3URGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLI dari manureVDSL\DQJGLFDPSXUNDQGHQJDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WDQSD pre-treatment WHUXV PHQJDODPL SHQLQJNDWDQ GLPDQDSURGXNVLELRJDVQ\DSDGDKDULNHDGDODK mL. Limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre-treatment VHODPDPHQLWPHQJKDVLONDQWRWDOSURGXNVLELRJDVQ\D\DLWX


P/3URGXNVLUDWDUDWDELRJDVNXPXODWLIGDULmanure \DQJ GLFDPSXUNDQ GHQJDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ GHQJDQ thermal pre-treatment VHODPD PHQLW DGDODK P/ 'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD GXUDVL thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ selama 15 dan 25 menit tidak jauh berbeda untuk biogas \DQJGLKDVLONDQ+DVLOLQLGDSDWWHUOLKDWGDULSURGXNVLELRJDV dari kedua variasi thermal pre-treatment\DQJPHQJKDVLONDQ MXPODK SURGXNVL ELRJDV \DQJ KDPSLU VDPD GLPDQD WRWDO SURGXNVL VHODPD KDUL SURVHV GLJHVL \DLWX P/ menit thermal pre-treatment GDQ P/ PHQLW thermal pre-treatment).

*DPEDU3URGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatmentWDQSDpre-treatment dan manureVDSL

'DUL NHHPSDW MHQLV VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD DQDHURELNUHDNWRUWRWDOSURGXNVLELRJDVWHUWLQJJLVHODPD KDUL SURVHV GLJHVL GLSHUROHK GDUL manure GHQJDQ FDPSXUDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WDQSD pre-treatment P/ +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ MXPODK EDKDQ PDNDQDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ dibutuhkan oleh mikroorganisme sulit untuk didegradasikan NDUHQD PHPLOLNL NDQGXQJDQ OLJQLQ \DQJ WLQJJL ROHK NDUHQD WLGDN GLODNXNDQQ\D thermal pre-treatment, sehingga jumlah EDKDQPDNDQDQELVDEHUWDKDQOHELKODPDGDQVHFDUDEHUWDKDS substrat tersebut dikonsumsi oleh mikroorganisme untuk PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV 7RWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment KDQ\D EHUNLVDU OHELK WLQJJL GDUL WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment$NDQ WHWDSL MLND GLOLKDW SDGD *DPEDU GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLEHULNDQ pre-treatment memiliki waktu lag phase \DQJOHELKSDQMDQJMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDW \DQJ WHODK GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment +DVLO LQL MXJD VHVXDLGHQJDQSHQHOLWLDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKBougrier dkk. \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ EDKZD SHQHUDSDQ thermal pre-treatmentSDGDVXVEWUDW\DQJEHUXSDOXPSXUDNWLIXQWXN SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL MXJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV 3HQLQJNDWDQ YROXPH SURGXNVL ELRJDV LQL EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQSHQLQJNDWDQMXPODKEDKDQEDKDQRUJDQLN\DQJPXGDK

tHUODUXWGLGDODPDLUVHKLQJJDPHPXGDKNDQSURVHVNRQYHUVL OLPEDK RUJDQLN WHUVHEXW PHQMDGL ELRJDV 3HQHUDSDQthermal pre-treatmentSDGDfeedstock \DQJPHPLOLNLWLQJNDWNHNHUDVDQ \DQJ WLQJJL MXJD VDQJDW PHPSHQJDUXKL SHQLQJNDWDQ ODMX SURVHV SHQJXUDLDQ NDQGXQJDQ EDKDQEDKDQ RUJDQLN VHODPD SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL%RXJULHUGNN Berdasarkan Gambar 2, substrat dari manure \DQJ GLFDPSXU OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ GHQJDQ thermal pretreatmentGDQPHQLW PHQJDODPLSHQLQJNDWDQMXPODK SURGXNVL ELRJDV \DQJ VLJQL¿NDQ ELOD GLEDQGLQJNDQ VXEVWUDW \DQJ WLGDN GLODNXNDQ thermal pre-treatment +DO LQL GDSDW WHUOLKDWMHODVEDKZDVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULKDUL SHUWDPDVDPSDLKDULNHSURGXNVLELRJDV\DQJGLKDVLONDQ GDUL VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment lebih WLQJJLMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDW\DQJWLGDN diberikan thermal pre-treatment+DVLOLQLPDVLKVHGLNLWOHELK UHQGDK MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ EHEHUDSD KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJWHODKGLODNXNDQROHK*DYDODGNN GDQ%RXJULHU GNN \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV VHNLWDU SDGD VXEVWUDW OXPSXU DNWLI \DQJGLEHULNDQthermal treatmentSDGDVXKXo& 3HQLQJNDWDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUMDGL NDUHQD WLQJJLQ\D ODMX SURVHV KLGUROLVLV \DQJ WHUMDGL SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatment dibandingkan dengan VXEVWUDW\DQJWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment, sehingga di awal SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGDULVXEVWUDW\DQJGLEHULNDQthermal pre-treatment GDSDW PHQJKDVLONDQ ELRJDV \DQJ OHELK WLQJJL +DOLQLVHVXDLGHQJDQVWXGL\DQJGLODNXNDQROHK:DQJGNN \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD GHQJDQ PHPEHULNDQ pretreatmentSDGDOLPEDKELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXOORVDPDNDVWUXNWXU GDULELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXORVDDNDQPXGDKGLSHFDKNDQVHKLQJJD NRPSRQHQ GDUL ELRPDVVD \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ VHOXORVD DNDQ PXGDK GLDNVHV ROHK PLNURRUJDQLVPH DQDHURELN :DQJ GNN 0RVLHU GNN /HL GNN 'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQMXJDGDSDWGLNHWDKXLEDKZDSURGXNVLELRJDVKDULDQ WHUWLQJJL WHUMDGL SDGD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pretreatment PHQLW GHQJDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUWLQJJL SDGD KDUL NH GHQJDQ UDWDUDWD SURGXNVL VHEHVDU P/ 3DGD KDUL NH VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SUHWUHDWPHQW PHQLW MXJDPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVMDXKOHELKWLQJJLP/ MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQVXEVWUDWWDQSDGLEHULNDQpre-treatment \DQJKDQ\DPHPSURGXNVLELRJDVVHEHVDUP/ 3HQHUDSDQ thermal pre-treatment \DQJ GLEHULNDQ SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ MXJD GDSDW PHPSHUPXGDK mikroorganisme anaerobik untuk menguraikan kandungan EDKDQRUJDQLNVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL+DOLQLWHUMDGL NDUHQD OLJQLQ \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ GL GDODP OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ WHODK EHUNXUDQJ DNLEDW GDUL SURVHV thermal pretreatment VHKLQJJD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WHUVHGLD VHSHUWL VHOXORVD GDSDW OHELK FHSDW GLPDQIDDWNDQ ROHK PLNURRUJDQLVPH

83


XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ ELRJDV 6HWHODK EHEHUDSD KDUL SURVHV anaerobik digesi, nutrisi di dalam reaktor berkurang sehingga PLNURRUJDQLVPH PHQJDODPL NHNXUDQJDQ PDNDQDQQ\D GDQ PHQJDNLEDWNDQSURGXNVLELRJDVMXJDLNXWPHQXUXQ 0HVNLSXQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWHODKGLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment PHQJKDVLONDQ WRWDO SURGXNVL ELRJDV OHELKVHGLNLWMLNDGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQ\DQJWLGDNGLEHULNDQ pre-treatment $NDQ WHWDSL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ diberikan thermal pre-treatment tidak memerlukan waktu \DQJ ODPD KDO LQL WHUMDGL NDUHQD WHUMDGLQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ ODMX SURVHV KLGUROLVLV SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DQJ telah diberikan thermal pre-treatment VHKLQJJD SURGXNVL ELRJDVGDSDWGLWLQJNDWNDQGDODPZDNWX\DQJFHSDW'HQJDQ SHPEHULDQ thermal pre-treatment SDGD OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ MXJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ H¿VLHQVL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVLVHKLQJJDEDNWHULGDSDWGHQJDQFHSDWPHQJNRQYHUVLNDQ VHOXORVD PHQMDGL ELRJDV +DVLO LQL VHVXDL GHQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ WHODK GLODNXNDQ ROHK /HL GNN \DQJ PHQJXQJNDSNDQ EDKZD SHQHUDSDQ thermal pre-treatment GHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQDLUSDQDVSDGDELRPDVVDOLJQRVHOXORVD DNDQPHQLQJNDWNDQODMXSURVHVKLGUROLVLVXQWXNPHQJNRQYHUVL VHOXORVDPHQMDGLNRPSRQHQVHGHUKDQD\DQJEHUXSDJXODGDQ VHODQMXWQ\D SURGXN KDVLO KLGUROLVLV LQL DNDQ GLNRQYHUVLNDQ PHQMDGLSURGXNIHUPHQWDVLVHSHUWLDONRKROGDQvolatile fatty acids, \DQJNHPXGLDQDNDQGLNRQYHUVLNDQPHQMDGLJDVPHWDQ SDGDWDKDSSURVHVPHWKDQRJHQHVLV

GHQJDQVWDELOKDOLQLGDSDWGLNHWDKXLGDULQLODLS+GDULNHGXD SURVHV GLJHVL \DQJ PHQGHNDWL SDGD UHQWDQJ S+ RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV PHODOXL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL %HUGDVDUNDQ OLWHUDWXU S+ RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV WHUMDGLSDGDUHQWDQJS+GDQ'LQDPDUFDGNN &KHQJ 'DUL7DEHOGDSDWGLOLKDWEDKZDS+LQÀXHQW dari anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL FXNXS UHQGDK \DLWX 5HQGDKQ\D S+ NDUHQD SDGD saat ditambahkan limbah organik ke dalam reaktor anaerobik PDND NHFHQGHUXQJDQ \DQJ DNDQ WHUMDGL \DLWX DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQWLQJNDWNHDVDPDQSDGDFDPSXUDQOLPEDKRUJDQLN di dalam digester. Peningkatan keasaman ini juga disebabkan DGDQ\DSHQLQJNDWDQSURGXNVL volatile fatty acidsSDGDculture DWDXFDPSXUDQGLGDODPUHDNWRUGLPDQDVHWHODKPHQJDODPL SURVHV KLGUROLVLV GLODQMXWNDQ SDGD SURVHV DFLGL¿NDVL \DQJ PHQJNRQYHUVL SURGXN KDVLO GDUL WDKDSDQ KLGUROLVLV \DQJ EHUXSD VHQ\DZD VHGHUKDQD VHSHUWL JXOD PHQMDGL EHEHUDSD NRPSRQHQ volatile fatty acids VHSHUWL DVDP SURSLRQDW DVDP EXWLUDWGDQDVDPDVHWDW&KHQJ 3DGDWDKDSDQSURVHV DFLGL¿NDVLLQLMXJDPHQJKDVLONDQSURGXNDONRKROVHSHUWLHWDQRO +DQGNN 6HWHODKPHODOXLSURVHVDFLGL¿NDVLvolatile fatty acids tersebut terurai menjadi asam asetat, hidrogen dan NDUERQGLRNVLGD \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\D SDGD WDKDS DNKLU SURVHV DQDHURELNGLJHVL\DLWXWDKDSDQPHWKDQRJHQHVLVGLPDQDDVDP DVHWDW GDUL KDVLO SURVHV DFHWRJHQHVLV GLNRQYHUVLNDQ PHQMDGL ELRJDV\DQJWHUGLULGDULJDVPHWDQGDQNDUERQGLRNVLGD+DO LQLMXJDGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHOGLPDQDS+HIÀXHQWdari anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manureVDSL PHQLQJNDW PHQMDGL GLPDQD S+ LQL WHUPDVXN SDGD S+ RSWLPXPXQWXNSURGXNVLELRJDV

Parameter Anaerobik Digesi Tabel 1 dan Tabel 2 menunjukkan bahwa secara NHVHOXUXKDQSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL\DQJGLODNXNDQEHUMDODQ

7DEHO$QDOLVLVVDPSHOSDUDPHWHULQÀXHQWVHEHOXPSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL Parameter 1R 1 2 3

Substrat ManureVDSL Manure VDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ MDJXQJWDQSDpre treatment ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 15 menit ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQ jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 25 menit

76

96

6,55

TDS PJ/ 1050

1,13 ± 0,12

56,79 ± 0,79

7.1 PJ/ 155,06

5,83

1680

78,79 ± 3,06

6,72

1380

2,81 ± 0,08

76,16 ± 0,33

386,87

6,5

2,73 ± 0,13

S+


7DEHO$QDOLVLVVDPSHOSDUDPHWHUHIÀXHQWVHVXGDKPHQJDODPLSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL

Parameter 1R 1 2

3

Substrat ManureVDSL ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK WDQDPDQMDJXQJWDQSDpre treatment ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 15 menit ManureVDSLGDQOLPEDK tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 25 menit

76

96

6,95 ± 0.02

TDS PJ/

0,976 ± 0,02

30,879 ± 12,09

S+

7.1PJ/

6,73 ± 0

1975 ± 35 1,118 ± 0,07

6,85 ± 0,03

2020 ± 28 1,312 ± 0,26

0HVNLSXQ DQDHURELN GLJHVL manure VDSL PHPLOLNL S+ \DQJ PHQGHNDWL RSWLPXP XQWXN SURGXNVL ELRJDV DNDQ WHWDSL DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ manure VDSL VHEDJDL VXEVWUDW WXQJJDO WLGDN PHPLOLNL FXNXS QXWULVL \DQJGLEXWXKNDQROHKEDNWHULDQDHURELNXQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQ ELRJDV+DOLQLGDSDWWHUOLKDWGDULUHQGDKQ\DNDQGXQJDQtotal solids 76 GDQ volatile solids 96 GDUL manure VDSL \DLWX sebesar 76GDQ966HGDQJNDQ anaerobik digesi manure VDSL \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQ OLPEDK tanaman jagung sebagai co-substrate memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids lebih tinggi dari anaerobik GLJHVL GHQJDQ KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQmanure VDSL 1LODLtotal solids dan volatile solids dari anaerobik digesi manure VDSL \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQ OLPEDK WDQDPDQ MDJXQJ \DLWX VHEHVDU 76 GDQ 96 8QWXN VXEVWUDW FDPSXUDQGDULmanureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJ telah diberikan thermal pre-treatment 15 menit, memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids sebesar 2,81 ± 0,08 76 GDQ 96 3DGD VXEVWUDW FDPSXUDQ GDUL manureVDSLGDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJ\DQJWHODKGLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment 25 menit, memiliki kandungan total solids dan volatile solids VHEHVDU76GDQ 96 Parameter Total Dissolved Solids7'6 SDGDNHHPSDW SURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLMXJDWHUMDGLSHQLQJNDWDQGDULVHEHOXP PHQJDODPL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL LQÀXHQW) dan setelah PHQJDODPL SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL HIÀXHQW). Peningkatan NDQGXQJDQ7'6WHUMDGLNDUHQDSDGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL PHQJDODPL SURVHV SHQJXUDLDQ VHQ\DZD RUJDQLN NRPSOHNV PHQMDGL PROHNXOPROHNXO VHGHUKDQD \DQJ ODUXW GDODP air \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\D GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN SURVHV SURGXNVL ELRJDV -D\DNRG\ GNN . TDS dari anaerobik codigesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL MXJD OHELK

WLQJJL GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D menggunakan manureVDSLVHEDJDLVXEVWUDWWXQJJDO7DEHO dan Tabel 2). Untuk Total Kjedahl Nitrogen 7.1 SDGD DQDHURELN digesi manureVDSLMXJDPHQJDODPLSHQLQJNDWDQGDUL PJ/PHQMDGLPJ/3HQLQJNDWDQ7.1WHUMDGLNDUHQD DQDHURELN GLJHVL \DQJ KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ manure VDSL PHPLOLNL NDSDVLWDV EXIIHU \DQJ UHQGDK VHKLQJJD DNXPXODVL DPPRQLDGDSDWWHUMDGLGLGDODPUHDNWRUDQDHURELN\DQJSDGD DNKLUQ\D GDSDW PHQJKDPEDW SURVHV DQDHURELN GLJHVL XQWXN menghasilkan biogas. Pada anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL GLPDQD NDQGXQJDQ 7.1 WHUMDGL VHGLNLW SHQXUXQDQ GDUL PJ/ PHQMDGL PJ/3HQXUXQDQ7.1SDGDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGHQJDQ menggunakan limbah tanaman jagung sebagai co-substrat WHUMDGL NDUHQD DGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ NDSDVLWDV EXIIHU VHODPD SURVHV VHKLQJJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ NHVWDELODQ SURVHV anaerobik digesi untuk mengurangi resiko kegagalan akibat akumulasi ammonia di dalam reaktor anaerobik sehingga SDGD DNKLUQ\D GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL ELRJDV %DQNV GDQ+XPSKUH\V 3HUEHGDDQWHUMDGLMXJDSDGDVXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment GLPDQD 7.1 GDUL NHGXD VXEVWUDW \DQJ WHODK GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment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

85


\DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment juga diikuti dengan PHQLQJNDWQ\D QLODL S+ GDUL NHGXD VXEVWUDW \DQJ GLEHULNDQ thermal pre-treatment. 'DUL SHQHOLWLDQ LQL MXJD GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD SURVHV anaerobik co-digesi limbah tanaman jagung dan manure VDSL PDPSX PHPEHULNDQ NHXQJJXODQ GDODP PHPSURGXNVL ELRJDV NDUHQD GDSDW PHQ\HGLDNDQ QXWULVL \DQJ FXNXS XQWXN SHUWXPEXKDQ PLNURRUJDQLVPH methanogen dalam menghasilkan biogas. Anaerobik digesi manure VDSLGHQJDQ PHQDPEDKNDQOLPEDKWDQDPDQMDJXQJMXJDGDSDWPHPEHULNDQ SHQLQJNDWDQNDSDVLWDVEXIIHUVHODPDSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVL GL GDODP UHDNWRU VHKLQJJD SURVHV DQDHURELN \DQJ WHUMDGL menjadi lebih stabil %DQNVGDQ+XPSKUH\V (¿VLHQVL%LRGHJUDGDVLSDGD3URVHV$QDHURELN'LJHVL 3URGXNVLELRJDVGDULSURVHVDQDHURELNGLJHVLGLSHQJDUXKL ROHK EHEHUDSD IDNWRU GLDQWDUDQ\D \DLWX ELRGHJUDGDVL GDQ NHWHUVHGLDDQ VHQ\DZDVHQ\DZD \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ GL GDODP biomassa serta kandungan OLJQLQ.DOUDGDQ3DQZDU Biogas dan methane yield \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL MXPODK WRWDO ELRJDV \DQJ GLSHUROHK SHU WLDS JUDP volatile solidV \DQJ GLWDPEDKNDQPHUXSDNDQSDUDPHWHUGLJHVLXQWXNPHQJHWDKXL H¿VLHQVL SURVHV ELRGHJUDGDVL GDUL SURVHV NRQYHUVL OLPEDK organik menjadi ELRJDV/RGNN 7DEHO(¿VLHQVLELRGHJUDGDVL Substrat

96reduction Biogas yield P/J96

Manure

66,015

137,923

Manure + limbah tanaman jagung

58,812

670,39

Manure + limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 15 menit Manure + limbah tanaman jagung dengan thermal pre treatment 25 menit

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86

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