Matakuliah Biologi Umum Jurusan Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung
Animal reproduction staff.unila.ac.id/priyambodo
[email protected]
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
Organisme Hermaprodit
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
REPRODUKSI SEKSUAL • Terjadi pertukaran materi genetik antara organisme jantan dan betina • Reproduksi seksual dapat meningkatkan variasi genetik dalam ekosistem • Reproduksi seksual sederhana dapat dijumpai pada golongan hewan cilliata, seperti Paramecium caudatum
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
Konjugasi pada Paramecium caudatum
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
REPRODUKSI SEKSUAL PADA HEWAN
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
HUMAN SEXUAL FEMALE ORGAN Uterus
Oviduct
(Urinary bladder) (Pubic bone)
Ovary
(Rectum) Cervix Vagina
Urethra Shaft Glans
Bartholin’s gland
Clitoris
Prepuce
Vaginal opening
Labia minora Labia majora
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
HUMAN SEXUAL FEMALE ORGAN Ovaries
Uterus
Oviduct
Uterine wall Endometrium
Follicles Corpus luteum
Cervix
Vagina
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• Oogenesis is the development of mature ova Ovary
Primary germ cell in embryo Differentiation Oogonium in ovary
Oogonium
2n Mitotic division
Primary oocyte within follicle
Primary oocyte, arrested in prophase of meiosis I (present at birth)
2n
Growing follicle
Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II n
First polar body
n
Secondary oocyte, arrested at metaphase of meiosis II Ovulation
n
Entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II
n
Mature follicle Ruptured follicle
Ovum
Ovulated secondary oocyte
Corpus luteum
Degenerating corpus luteum
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• The reproductive cycle of the human female
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
HUMAN SEXUAL MALE ORGAN
(Urinary bladder)
Seminal vesicle (Rectum)
(Pubic bone) Erectile tissue of penis
Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland
Urethra Vas deferens
Epididymis
Glans penis
Testis Scrotum
Prepuce
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
HUMAN SEXUAL MALE ORGAN
Seminal vesicle (behind bladder)
(Urinary bladder)
Prostate gland Urethra Scrotum Glans penis
Bulbourethral gland Erectile tissue of penis Vas deferens Epididymis Testis
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• Spermatogenesis is the production of mature sperm Epididymis
Seminiferous tubule
Testis
Cross section of seminiferous tubule
Spermatogonium
2n
Mitotic division, producing large numbers of spermatogonia
Sertoli cell nucleus
Differentiation and onset of meiosis I Primary spermatocyte (in prophase of meiosis I)
2n
Meiosis I completed
n
n
Secondary spermatocyte
Meiosis II
n
n
n
Early spermatids
n
Lumen of Seminiferous tubule
Spermatids (at two stages of differentiation)
Differentiation (Sertoli cells provide nutrients)
n
n
n
n
Sperm cells
Neck Head
Midpiece
Tail
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria Nucleus Acrosome
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• Fertilization of an egg by a sperm, conception – Occurs in the oviduct 3
2
Cleavage (cell division) begins in the oviduct as the embryo is moved toward the uterus by peristalsis and the movements of cilia.
Ovary
Fertilization occurs. A sperm enters the oocyte; meiosis of the oocyte finishes; and the nuclei of the ovum and sperm fuse, producing a zygote.
(a)
4 Cleavage continues. By the time the embryo reaches the uterus, it is a ball of cells. It floats in the uterus for several days, nourished by endometrial secretions. It becomes a blastocyst. 5 The blastocyst implants in the endometrium about 7 days after conception.
Uterus
1 Ovulation releases a secondary oocyte, which enters the oviduct. From ovulation to implantation Endometrium
Endometrium
Inner cell mass
Cavity
Blastocyst
Figure 46.15a, b (b) Implantation of blastocyst
Trophoblast
FERTILISASI
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• Blood from the embryo – Travels to the placenta through arteries of the umbilical cord and returns via the umbilical vein Maternal arteries
Maternal veins
Placenta
Maternal portion of placenta Umbilical cord Chorionic villus containing fetal capillaries
Fetal portion of placenta (chorion)
Maternal blood pools Uterus
Figure 46.16
Fetal arteriole Fetal venule Umbilical cord
Umbilical arteries Umbilical vein
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
• Mechanisms of some contraceptive methods Female
Male Method
Event
Event Production of viable sperm
Method
Production of viable oocytes
Vasectomy
Ovulation
Sperm transport down male duct system Abstinence
Combination birth control pill (or injection, patch, or vaginal ring)
Abstinence
Condom Coitus interruptus (very high failure rate)
Sperm deposited in vagina
Capture of the oocyte by the oviduct Tubal ligation
Transport of oocyte in oviduct
Sperm movement through female reproductive tract
Spermicides; diaphragm; cervical cap; progestin alone (minipill, implant, or injection)
Meeting of sperm and oocyte in oviduct
Union of sperm and egg
Morning-after pill (MAP) Progestin alone
Implantation of blastocyst in properly prepared endometrium
Figure 46.20
Birth
PRIYAMBODO - BIOLOGI UMUM - REPRODUKSI
