Abstrak Mekanika fluida adalah disiplin ilmu bagian dari bidang mekanika terapan yang mengkaji perilaku dari zat – zat cair dan gas dalam keadaan diam ataupun bergerak. Pipa biasanya memiliki penampang melintang berbentuk lingkaran yang digunakan untuk mengalirkan fluida dengan tampang aliran penuh. Fluida yang di alirkan melalui pipa bisa berupa zat cair atau gas dan tekanan bisa lebih besar atau lebih kecil dari tekanan atmosfer. Apabila zat cair di dalam pipa tidak penuh maka aliran termasuk dalam aliran saluran terbuka atau karena tekanan di dalam pipa sama dengan tekanan atmosfer. Dalam analisis pipa khususnya pipa hubungan seri perlu ditinjau tinggi energi, debit aliran, kecepatan aliran, kehilangan energi sekunder, kehilangan energi primer, dan karakteristik pipa. Sekarang ini analisis pada pipa hubungan seri masih dilakukan dengan cara manual sehingga memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu aplikasi yang dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Aplikasi tersebut harus terkomputerisasi agar dapat melakukan perhitungan dengan cepat dan akurat. Kata Kunci : Mekanika Fluida, Pipa, pipa hubungan seri, aliran.
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Abstract Fluid mechanics is the discipline part of the field of applied mechanics that studies the behavior of substances - liquids and gases in a state of rest or motion. Pipe usually has a circular cross section which is used to drain the fluid with a look full flow. Fluid is introduced through the pipe could be liquids or gases and pressure may be greater or less than atmospheric pressure. If the liquid in the pipe is not full then streams including in open channel flow or the pressure in the pipe with atmospheric pressure. In the analysis of the relationship plumbing pipe especially series needs to be High energy, flow rate, flow velocity, secondary loss of energy, loss of primary energy, and pipe characteristics. Now this series analyzes the relationship pipes are still done manually so it takes a long time. It required an application that can resolve the issue. The application should be computerized in order to perform calculations quickly and accurately. Keywords: Fluid Mechanics, Pipe, pipe series connection, flow.
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN ................................ PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN ..................................... PRAKATA .......................................................................................................... ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................
ii iii iv v vii viii ix xi xiii xiv
BAB I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... Latar Belakang .................................................................................. Rumusan Masalah............................................................................. Tujuan Pembahasan ......................................................................... Ruang Lingkup Kajian........................................................................ Sumber Data ..................................................................................... Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................
1 1 2 2 2 2 3
BAB II 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12
KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................ Mekanika Fluida ................................................................................ Aliran Pada Saluran Tertutup (Pipa) .................................................. Kehilangan Energi (head losses) ....................................................... Pipa Halus ........................................................................................ Perubahan Penampang Pipa ............................................................. Pipa Hubungan Seri .......................................................................... Unified Modelling Languange (UML).................................................. Use Case Diagram ............................................................................ Activity Diagram................................................................................. Class Diagram ................................................................................... Java................................................................................................... File System........................................................................................
5 5 6 12 14 15 19 20 21 23 24 26 27
BAB III 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ...................................... Use Case........................................................................................... Activity Diagram................................................................................. Class Diagram ................................................................................... Penyimpanan file ............................................................................... Rancangan Desain Antar Muka .........................................................
31 31 33 41 42 43
BAB IV 4.1
HASIL PENELITIAN.......................................................................... 51 Implementasi ..................................................................................... 51
BAB V 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
PEMBAHASAN DAN UJI COBA PENELITIAN ................................ Pembahasan .................................................................................... Uji Coba Perhitungan Manual ........................................................... Uji user ............................................................................................. Pembahasan Uji Coba Penelitian .....................................................
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63 63 67 71 71
BAB VI
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................. 72
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 73
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Gambar 2.2 Gambar 2.3 Gambar 2.4 Gambar 2.5 Gambar 2.6 Gambar 2.7 Gambar 2.8 Gambar 2.9 Gambar 2.10 Gambar 2.11 Gambar 2.12 Gambar 2.13 Gambar 2.14 Gambar 2.15 Gambar 2.16 Gambar 3.1 Gambar 3.2 Gambar 3.3 Gambar 3.4 Gambar 3.5 Gambar 3.6 Gambar 3.7 Gambar 3.8 Gambar 3.9 Gambar 3.10 Gambar 3.11 Gambar 3.12 Gambar 3.13 Gambar 3.14 Gambar 3.15 Gambar 3.16 Gambar 3.17 Gambar 3.18 Gambar 3.19 Gambar 3.20 Gambar 3.21 Gambar 4.1 Gambar 4.2 Gambar 4.3 Gambar 4.4 Gambar 4.5 Gambar 4.6 Gambar 4.7 Gambar 4.8 Gambar 4.9 Gambar 4.10 Gambar 4.11
Aliran Laminar, Transitional, Turbulent .......................................... 8 Kehilangan Energi......................................................................... 11 Pengaruh Kekasaran Pada Sub Lapis .......................................... 12 Pipa yang Mengalami Pembesaran Penampang Tiba-tiba ............ 15 Pipa Yang Masuk kedalam Reservoir mengalami pembesaran Tiba-tiba ....................................................................................... 16 Pipa Yang Mengalami Pengecilan Penampang Secara Tiba-tiba .. 17 Pipa Yang Mengalami Kontraksi Tiba-tiba..................................... 18 Reservoir Yang dihubungkan dengan Pipa Yang Mengalami Kontrasksi Tiba-tiba ...................................................................... 19 Pipa Hubungan Seri ...................................................................... 19 Diagram UML ................................................................................ 20 Simbol Actor ................................................................................. 21 Simbol Use Case .......................................................................... 22 Contoh Use Case Diagram ........................................................... 23 Contoh Activity Diagram ................................................................ 24 Contoh Class Diagram .................................................................. 26 Penerjemahan dan Pengeksekusian Program Java ...................... 27 Use Case Aplikasi Analisis Pipa Hubungan Seri ........................... 31 Activity Diagram Proyek Baru........................................................ 34 Activity Diagram Buka File ............................................................ 35 Activity Diagram Bantuan .............................................................. 36 Activity Diagram Keluar ................................................................. 37 Activity Diagram Melakukan Analisis ............................................. 38 Activity Diagram Simpan File ........................................................ 39 Activity Diagram Laporan .............................................................. 40 Class Diagram Aplikasi Pipa Seri .................................................. 41 Data file input dalam notedpad...................................................... 42 Tampilan Utama............................................................................ 44 Tampilan frame analisis baru untuk memilih jumlah pipa .............. 44 Tampilan pesan peringatan ........................................................... 45 Tampilan Frame Input dua pipa .................................................... 45 Tampilan Frame Input tiga pipa ..................................................... 46 Tampilan Pesan Peringatan .......................................................... 46 Tampilan open dialog .................................................................... 47 Tampilan Peringatan jika terdapat nama file yang sama ............... 48 Tampilan Save Dialog ................................................................... 48 Tampilan Frame input memberikan peringatan ............................. 49 Tampilan Frame output ................................................................. 50 Tampilan Awal .............................................................................. 51 Tampilan Frame Analisis baru untuk memilih jumlah pipa ............. 52 Tampilan Frame Analisis baru menampilkan peringatan ............... 52 Tampilan Frame input baru ........................................................... 53 Tampilan Dialog box tombol baru ditekan ..................................... 54 Pesan peringatan pada frame input .............................................. 55 Tampilan Open Dialog .................................................................. 55 Tampilan Save Dialog ................................................................... 56 Tampilan Hasil Perhitungan .......................................................... 57 Tampilan hasil Analisis, detail gambar .......................................... 58 Tampilan open dialog box untuk Menyimpan Laporan .................. 58
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Gambar 4.12 Gambar 4.13 Gambar 4.14 Gambar 4.15
Tampilan dialog box untuk menampilkan laporan.......................... Contoh format laporan .................................................................. Tombol bantuan ............................................................................ Tampilan Help.pdf .........................................................................
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59 60 61 62
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Tabel 2.2 Tabel 2.3 Tabel 2.4 Tabel 5.1 Tabel 5.2 Tabel 5.3 Tabel 5.4 Tabel 5.5 Tabel 5.6
Sifat Air (Viskositas Kinematik) pada tekanan atmosfer ................... Nilai KC Untuk Berbagai Nilai D2/D1 ................................................. Simbol-Simbol Activity Diagram....................................................... Indikator .......................................................................................... Tampilan Utama .............................................................................. Frame Input ..................................................................................... Frame Output .................................................................................. Perbandingan Perhitungan dua pipa ............................................... Perbandingan Perhitungan dua pipa ............................................... Form Kuisioner ................................................................................
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7 18 24 25 63 64 65 68 70 71
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran riwayat hidup ........................................................................................ 74
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