Inovativní Reaktorové Systémy a Program ÚJV Řež a.s. v rámci mezinárodní spolupráce I. Váša, ÚJV Řež a.s.
The basic energy facts Energy self sufficiency is impossible to achieve The Union’s growing dependence on external sources of supply Green Paper Europe-30: total energy (reference scenario in mtoe) 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990
EU 30: external dependence per energy product consumption
net imports production
2000
2010
2020
2030
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Solid fuels 1990
Oil 2000
Impact on the European Union
Natural gas 2010
Total 2020
Varující tendence E
Tvrdý trh
Předpověď
Trend-odkaz
10
20
Zpětná analýza Cíl
100
Primary energy consumption World
Europe
2050: 23 Gtoe (10 Gtoe in 2001) Oil & Gas: 5 Gtoe each RES + Nuclear: 6 Gtoe Coal: 7 Gtoe (almost 1/3)
2050: 2.6 Gtoe (2 Gtoe in 2001) Oil & Gas: 0.6 Gtoe each RES + Nuclear: 1 Gtoe Coal: 0.5 Gtoe (1/5)
P r im a ry C o n s u m p tio n - E u r o p e
P r im a r y C o n s u m p tio n - W o rld 3000
25 R e n e w a b le s N u c le a r Coal Gas O il
20
2500
R e n e w a b le s
2000
N u c le a r
Gtoe
Mtoe
15
Coal 1500
G as
10
O il 1000
5
500
0
0
2001
2010
2020
2030
2050
2001
2010
2020
2030
2050
The continuation of the fossil paradigm: a possible but narrow sustainable path between depletion of exhaustible ressources and capturecapture-storage of CO2 Europe
120000.00
Coal comes back as
8
Nuclear
7
Hydro
80000.00
Wind
Primary[Gt Energy [PJ] CO2 Emissions CO2]
100000.00
6
Solar
60000.00
5
Gas Oil
40000.00Emissions
4
Coal + Lignite
Stored
320000.00 Total 2 0.00
2040
2060
2080
2100
2090
2080
2070
2060
2050
2020
2040
0 2000
2030
2020
2010
Biomass
1
the major energy source, used through electricity, hydrogen and synthetic fuels.
2100
2120
More CO2 captured
and stored than released after 2080 to cope with a 10% decrease of CO2 emissions every 10 years .
CCS World • CCS: 14% of thermal electricity production in 2050
Europe • CCS: 11% of thermal electricity production in 2050
H2 production Hydrogen Production - World
Hydrogen Production - Europe 60
350 300
50 40
200
Mtoe
Mtoe
250
Grid Renewables Nuclear Coal Gas
150
30
Grid Renewables Nuclear Coal Gas
20
100 50
10
0
0 2001
2010
2020
2030
2050
2001
2010
2020
2030
2050
Ropné zásoby (Zdroj:OPEC)
Installed capacity of Czech electricity sources 0%
Steam power stations
22% Steam-gas power stations Gas-fired power stations Hydroelectric plants
7%
Pumped-storage plants 6% 1% 3%
61%
Nuclear power plants Alternative plants
Lifetime of the Installed Sources 18000 16000 Independent producers up to 50MW-CCGT Independent producers up to 50MW-SCGT Independent producers up to 50MW-TPS Independent producers over 50MW-CCGT Independent producers over 50MW-SCGT Independent producers over 50MW-TPS Independent producers over 50MW-WPS ČEZ-Thermal power stations (TPS) ČEZ-Nuclear power plants (NPP) ČEZ-Wind-power stations (WPS) ČEZ-Hydro-power stations (HPS) ČEZ-Pump storage hydroelectric stations (PSPS)
12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
Years
39 20
36 20
33 20
27
30 20
20
24 20
21 20
18 20
15 20
12 20
09 20
06 20
03
0 20
Installed power (MWe)
14000
Bioenergy potential in the EU 25 18 16 14 12 %
10
%
8 6 4 2 0 2 003
2 010
2 030
Využití/vyčerpání uranových zásob
GIF - Generation IV Initiative
Charakteristické prvky zdokonalení projektů JE III. generace GEN II
GEN III
účinnost
~ 30%
33-36%
koeficient pohotovosti
80-90%
min. 90%
projektová životnost primárního potrubí a tlakové nádoby
30-40 let
60 let
<10-4 reaktor rok-1
<10-5 reaktor rok-1
aktivní
pasivní nebo aktivní se zvýšenou spolehlivostí
není zaručeno
ano
kumulativní frekvence poškození aktivní zóny bezpečnostní systémy chlazení aktivní zóny využití paliva typu MOX
GEN IV Systems • • • • •
Gas Cooled Fast Reactor, GFR Lead Cooled Fast Reactor, LFR Molten Salt Reactor, MSR Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor, SFR Super-Critical Water Cooled Reactor, SCWR
• Very High Temperature Reactor, VHTR.
Crosscutting GEN IV R&D Topics • Fuel Cycle
• • • • •
Fuel and Materials Energy Products Risk and Safety Economics Proliferation Resistance
200°C
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600°C
Výroba skla Výroba cementu
Temperature field for the industrial production needs
Výroba oceli Elektřina - plynová turbína Zplyňování uhlí Vodík (SI proces) Vodík (parní reforming) Ethylen Styren Svítiplyn Petrochemie rafinace Desulfurizace těžkých ropných frakcí Celuóza
Aplikace
Syntéza močoviny Desalinace, dálkové vytápění
850 - 1500°C HTGR 550°C
LMFBR LWR, HWR
850 °C
320°C
Jaderné teplo
• From broad consensus of the different models and covering all SD objectives the following technologies appear to be suitable candidates for R&D funding:
Technologies Electric/Hybrid passenger car Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cells Wind Turbines Onshore CO2 capture (coal) Nuclear Hydrogen from Biomass Supercritical Pulverised Coal Hydrogen car Biomass Gasification Power Plant Wind Turbines Offshore
Potenciál jednotlivých systémů Gen IV z hlediska stanovených cílů Výroba elektřiny Obojí
SCWR SFR
GFR LFR MSR
Výroba vodíku
VHTR
500°C ==> Výstupní teplota ==> 1000°C
