A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC RELATIVE PRONOUNS
By: MUKHSINUL ARIF NIM. 200932180
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHIS TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2014
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A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SKRIPSI Presented to Muria Kudus University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education
By MUKHSINUL ARIF NIM 200932180
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2014
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO: (اا ) َي ْر َي ِعا ُهَّللاُنا اُهَّلل ِع يَي ا َيآ ُن اآِع ْر ُن ْر ا َي اُهَّلل ِع يَي ا ُن و ُن ا ْرا ِع ْر َي ا َي َي َي ٍتYarfa'illahuladziina aamanu minkum, walladziina uutul 'ilma darojah Allah will exalt those of you who believe, and those who are given knowledge, in high degrees. ( ) َي ْر َي ُن ْر ا َي ْر ًاا ًا ْر ا ِعا َي ْر ُن ْراFalyaqul khoiran aw liyasmut Say what is good or remain silent ( ش ِعه دًا ًا ا ا ُنآ ا َي
‘ )عِعشا َيكIsy Kariman aw mut Syahidan Be a good Muslim or die as Syuhada
This skripsi is dedicated to:
The
writer
beloved
parents,
Mr.
Sulaichan and Mrs. Isyafah
The
writer
beloved
Brother
(Muhammad Muqorrobin)
All of the writer lecturers and teachers.
All of the writer close friends and all the writer big family
All of people which is always give the writer motivation
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb. First of all the writer would like to say Alhamdulillah to our God of Allah SWT, who has given us the complete, so the writer can finish the skripsi entitled “A Contrastive Analysis between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns. On this occasion, the writer would like to express the sincere gratitude and apperception for the valuable assistance given by many people in completing this skripsi. They are: 1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty and the first advisor. Thanks for all his advice, help, Motivation and always give vigorous to the writer in the completion of this skripsi. 2. Diah Kurniawati, SS, M.Pd, as the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty. 3. Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the second advisor who has already given lots of suggestion in writing this skripsi. 4. The writer beloved parents who give me love, pray, and support. 5. The writer brother Muhammad Muqorrobin who always give me motivation. 6. All of the lecturers and friends in Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 7. All of teachers in Madrasah TBS Kudus.
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8. Everyone who appreciate knowledge and education. 9. The writer close friends: Arya Nugraha, Saptoto Nur Singgih, Dwi Purnomo, M. Izzul Ma’aly, Titik Amalia, Cyndhi Kartikasari, Adib Nur Andoni, Resha Agusta B. who have helped to throw unhappy atmosphere of writer with the jokes, laughers and music when the smile of shiftlessness is serenading to pull away from the beautiful end. Thank you for accepting grievances in making this skripsi. There is no the greatest obstacle in writing this skripsi than avoiding the temptation of being perfect. Finally, the writer realizes that the skripsi is still far being perfect, so the writer hopes to have criticisms and suggestions for the betterment of this skripsi. Thanks Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Kudus, 22nd July 2014
Mukhsinul Arif 2009-32-180
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ABSTRACT
Arif, Mukhsinul. 2014. A Contrastive Analysis Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor (1) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (2) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd
Key Words: Contrastive, Analysis, Relative Pronoun English language has developed which spoken by almost inhabitant of every countries to a language of world communication. Nowadays, English used in various aspects of life. Meanwhile, Arabic is also one of important language for us especially for a Moslem. In fact Moslem always uses Arabic everyday when they prays. So the writer hopes that the research can be useful for everyone who wants to develop his/her knowledge, especially for Islamic school that use English and Arabic language. The objective of this researched is: objectives of the research they are: 1.To describes the similarities of relative pronouns in English and Arabic. 2. To describes the differences of relative pronouns in English and Arabic. This research the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method that explaining the contrastive analysis between English and Arabic relative pronouns. The result of this research shows that 1.The similarities of relative pronouns in English and Arabic are in composition and function in the sentence. 2. The differences of relative pronouns in English and Arabic are the kind of conjunction, numbers and genders, dual and plural, person and thing, changing the form to suit antecedent, and omission. Based on the result above, the researcher concludes that English and arabic adjective clause have similarities in relative pronouns. They have similarities in composition of sentence, function in making clear a sentence. And also English and Arabic relative pronouns have differences in the kind of Conjunction, Numbers and Genders, Dual and Plural, Person and Thing, Shilah, Changing the form to suit antecedent, and Omission.
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ABSTRAKSI
Arif, Mukhsinul. 2014. A Contrastive Analysis Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor (1) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (2) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd . Kata Kunci: Contrastive, Analysis, Relative Pronoun Bahasa Inggris telah di pakai secara luas oleh hampir banyak orang di seluruh dunia. Sekarang ini, bahasa Inggris di pakai hampir disemua aspek kehidupan. Sementara itu, bahasa Arab juga suatu bahasa yang penting buat kita khususnya bagi orang Islam. Faktanya Orang Islam selalu menggunakan bahasa Arab setiap hari ketika mereka berdoa. Jadi penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi setiap orang yang ingin mengembangkan pengetahuannya, khususnya bagi sekolah yang berbasis Islam (Madrasah) yang mana mereka selalu mempelajari bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1. Untuk menguraikan persamaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. 2. Untuk menguraikan perbedaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kwalitatif yang mana menjelaskan analisa perbandingan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1. Persamaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab adalah dalam susunan dan kegunaan (fungsi) di sebuah kalimat. 2. Perbedaan relative pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab adalah dalam menentukan penggunaan dalam kata sambung, nomor dan jenis kelamin, rankap dua (dobel) dan bentuk jamak, menentukan penggunaan badi manusia dan benda, perubahan betuk kata, dan penghilangan suatu kata. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab adjective clause mempunyai persamaan dalam Relative pronoun yaitu dalam susunan dan kegunaan (fungsi) di sebuah kalimat. Dan dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab juga mempunyai perbedaan dalam menentukan penggunaan dalam kata sambung, nomor dan jenis kelamin, rankap dua (dobel) dan bentuk jamak, menentukan penggunaan bagi manusia dan benda, shilah , perubahan betuk kata, dan penghilangan suatu kata.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page COVER ......................................................................................................... i LOGO ............................................................................................................ ii TITLE ........................................................................................................... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................... iv ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. ix ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................. x TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the Research ...................................................................
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1.2
Statement of the Problem .......................................................................
4
1.3
Objectives of the Research ....................................................................
4
1.4
Significance of the Research ..................................................................
4
1.5
Scope of the Research ............................................................................
5
1.6
Operational Definition ............................................................................
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1
Definition of Language ..........................................................................
7
2.1.1 Definition of English Language ..............................................................
7
2.1.2 Definition of Arabic Language.................................................................... 8 2.2
Definition of Grammar ...........................................................................
8
2.3
Pronouns ................................................................................................
9
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2.3.1 Definition of English Pronouns……………….......................................
9
2.3.1.1 Kinds of English Pronouns…………………………………………….. 10 2.3.2 Definition of Arabic Pronouns……………….………………………... 26 2.3.2.1 Kinds of Arabic Pronouns……………………………………………… 27 2.4
Nahwu and Shorof ............................................................................... 36
2.5
Defnition of Sentence .......................................................................... 37
2.6
Definition of English Relative pronoun……………………………….. 37
2.7
Definition of Arabic Relative pronoun……………………………….. . 40
2.8
Review to Previous Research………………………………………….. 44
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1
Design of the Research ........................................................................... 46
3.2
Data and Data Source............................................................................. 47
3.3
Data Collection ...................................................................................... 48
3.4
Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1
Research Finding ................................................................................... 50
4.2
Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns .................. 50
4.3
Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns .................. 50
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 5.1
The Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns............ 54
5.2
The Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ........... 55
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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................. 62
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................. 63
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 64 APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 66 STATEMENT ............................................................................................... 72 CURICULUM VITAE .................................................................................. 74
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LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1 : Personal Pronouns .......................................................................... 11 Table 2 : Indefinite Pronouns ........................................................................ 14 Table 3 : Interrogative Pronouns ................................................................... 18 Table 4 : Possessive Pronouns ....................................................................... 25 Table 5 : Arabic Personal Pronouns As Subject ............................................. 28 Table 6 : Arabic Personal Pronouns As Oject ................................................ 29 Table 7 : Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns .................................................... 29 Table 8 : Arabic Indefinite Pronouns ............................................................ 30 Table 9 : Arabic Interrogative Pronouns ........................................................ 31 Table 10 : Arabic Relative Pronouns ............................................................... 33 Table 11 : Arabic Possessive Pronouns ........................................................... 34 Table 12 : Arabic Determinative Possessive Pronouns .................................... 35 Table 11 : Arabic Independent Possessive Pronouns ....................................... 36 Table 12 : Isim Maushul Nash......................................................................... 41 Table 13 : Isim Maushul Musytarak ................................................................ 42 Table 14 : Example Of English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ........................ 49 Table 15 : Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns In The Function ......................................................................................................... 54 Table 16 : Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns In Number and Gender ..................................................................................................... 56
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LIST APPENDICES Appendix
Page
1: The Similarities Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ................ 66 2: The Differences Between English and Arabic Relative Pronouns ............... 67
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