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Peran Akademisi dan Praktisi dalam Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di Indonesia, Lessons Learned dari Pembuatan Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010
Cakupan:
Masyhur Irsyam* dkk. *Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia *Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB *Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia *Koordinator - Tim Mikrozonasi Gempa kota-kota Besar Indonesia *Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI Jakarta
• Alasan Mengapa Perlu Melakukan Revisi Peta Gempa • Kondisi Tektonik dan Kegempaan Indonesia • Peta Hazard dan Peta Resiko Gempa
• Pemakaian untuk Standard Perencanaan di Indonesia
Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil 7 , UNS Solo, 25 Oktober 2013
PENDAHULUAN Indonesia menempati zona tektonik yang sangat aktif karena tiga lempeng besar dunia dan beberapa lempeng kecil lainnya saling bertemu di Indonesia
Overview Seismicity of Indonesia
EURASIA PLATE PHILIPINE PLATE
PASIFIC PLATE
12 cm/year
6 cm/year
Main shocks INDO AUSTRALIA PLATE
Peta tektonik kepulauan Indonesia dan sekitarnya (Bock et al., 2003)
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Bidang Keilmuan yang terlibat Mitigasi Bencana Gempabumi: Geologi Seismologi Geofisika
Bidang kajian ilmu-ilmu dasar/sains
Teknik Sipil Arsitektur Urban Planning
Bidang-bidang aplikasi, rekayasa, dan analisis resiko
Sosiologi Psikologi Ekonomi dll
Strategi Mitigasi Gempa
Manusia memiliki kebutuhan dasar untuk terlindungi dari implikasi buruk adanya gempa
(FEMA 451b, 2007)
Efek Gempa
Fenomena Alam Gempa Sangat potensial mengakibatkan kerugian besar Kejadian alam yang belum dapat diperkirakan secara akurat: kapan, dimana, magnituda
Bidang-bidang sosial
Gempa tidak dapat dicegah
Fault rupture
Hindari
Tsunami
Hindari
Kelongsoran (besar)
Hindari
Likuifaksi
Hindari/ Ditanggulangi
Goncangan/ Gerakan Ditanggulangi Tanah
“Earthquakes don’t kill people…. buildings kill people” (Prof. Chris Scholz Columbia University)
Bangunan Tahan Gempa
Contoh kesiapan menghadapi gempa:
Kekuatan Gempa Energi yang dilepaskan Jumlah Getaran
Chile
Haiti Januari 2010
8.8
7
Infrastruktur perlu didisain tahan gempa
Newton’s 2nd Law: H=mxa
Perbandingan Efek Gempa Chile dan Gempa Haiti Februari 2010
Strategi
H
500 kali-nya 512 kali-nya
Korban Meninggal
Ratusan jiwa
Ratusan Ribu jiwa
Kehilangan Rumah
Sedikit
Banyak
Pemulihan Jaringan Komunikasi
Cepat
Lama
Chile relatif sangat siap dalam menghadapi gempa. Undang-undang di Chile mengharuskan setiap bangunan untuk memiliki konstruksi tahan gempa. Pembangunan gedung dan infrastruktur tahan gempa: Peran penting Akademisi – Praktisi yang didukung oleh Pemerintah/Lembaga
Spectral Acceleration at Bedrock
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The 1st Seismic Hazard Map in Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design 1983
The 2nd Seismic Hazard Map Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design (SNI-03-1726-2002) Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration at bedrock SB for 10% in 50 years (+500 years)
5
6
Rata-rata hasil perhitungan dari: -Praktisi (Konsultan) -Akademisi (ITB) -Kementerian (PU) -Lembaga (PSG)
4 2
5 3
4 3
1
6 5
3
6 4
5
2 4 5 6
3
Earthquake Zone - 1
Earthquake Zone - 3
Earthquake Zone - 5
Earthquake Zone - 2
Earthquake Zone - 4
Earthquake Zone - 6
Earthquake events since the release of SNI-2002 Aceh Earthquake Mw=9.2 (December, 2004) Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.5 (11 April, 2012) Nias Earthquake Mw=8.6 (March, 2005) Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.1 (11 April, 2012)
Lhok Nga after Aceh Earthquake 2004
Padang Earthquake Mw=7.6
Jambiimprovements Earthquake Mw=6.6 Why does the(Sept, current code require ? 2009)
(Oct, 2009)
Lam Paseh
Earthquake Mw=7.2 1. Mentawai To considers recent great earthquakes in Indonesia (Oct, 2010) Tasik Earthquake Mw=7.4 (Sept, 2009)
Yogya Earthquake Mw=6.3 (May, 2006)
USGS
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Mall Pantee Pirak, Banda Aceh 2004
Rapat di PU Pusat tgl 30 November 2009 - Rapat dihadiri oleh 70 undangan mewakili: Akademisi, Asosiasi Profesi, Kementerian/ Lembaga - Keputusan rapat: Menteri PU perlu membentuk Tim Revisi Peta Gempa SNI-2002 - Diharapkan Revisi Peta sudah dapat dihasilkan dalam 3 bulan (akhir Februari 2010)
Team for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map of Indonesia 2010
Supported by:
)
Ketua:
Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB + HATTI)
Wakil:
Dr. Wayan Sengara
(Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB)
Sekertaris: Fahmi Almadiar, MT
(Seismic Hazard – Praktisi PU)
Anggota:
M Asrurifak, MT
(Seismic Hazard – Mahasiswa S3 ITB)
Dr. Danny Hilman
(Geologi - Praktisi LIPI)
Ir. Engkon Kertapati
(Geologi – Praktisi Pusat Penelitian Geologi)
M. Ridwan, MT
(Geologi – Praktisi PU)
Dr. Irwan Meilano
(Geodesi, Crustal Deformation – Akademisi ITB)
Prof. Sri Widiantoro
(Geofisika – Akademisi ITB)
Dr. Wahyu Trioso
(Geofisika – Akademisi ITB)
Drs. Suhardjono
(Geofisika – Praktisi BMKG)
Peta Hazard: Prof. Phil Cummins - Akademisi Geo Science Australia Dr. Mark Petersen - Praktisi USGS
Didukung oleh:
Ministry of Energy+ Mineral Resources
National Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Public Works
Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics
ITB
Indonesia Research Institute
Ministry of Research and Technology
Peta Resiko: Dr. Indra Djati Sidi – Akademisi ITB Dr. Nicholas Luco – Praktisi USGS Prof. Widiadnyana Merati – Akademisi ITB Daniel Hutabarat, MT – Mahasiswa S2 ITB
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Reasons for Updating Estimated maximum magnitude of seismic sources for development of seismic hazard map 2002 Palawan
Sulu
Palu-Koro
Sangihe
Halmahera
7.6
8.5
8.4
Semangko 7.6
3.0 g
Ransiki
Tarakan
Sorong 7.6
North Sulawesi
Kutai
8.0
Sukabumi
6.5 Mamberamo
7.6
Walanae
7.6
Previous Estimation Mw=7.2 – 8.0
Baribis
Actual Mw=9.0
7.0 Sumatra Subduction
Lasem
6.8
8.5
Aru
6.0 Jawa Subduction
8.2
Bumiayu
6.1
Tarera-Aiduna Flores Back-arc
Banda
6.1
8.5
Seram
6.5
8.4
To update earthquake records and earthquake source data including active faults that have not been considered in the 2002 map
Other Reasons for Updating: To account for New Data and Technology Development
1997
Eartquake Data up to1999
2000
2003
2006
2009
2010
SNI-03-1726-2002
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1. Procedure for Developing Probabilistic Hazard Map Seismic Hazard Analysis Probabilistic analysis Probability Density Function Deterministic analysis
PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM
Total Probability Theorem
Development of Maps of PGA & Response Spectra Expert Expertjudgement judgement Seismicdesign design criteria Seismic criteria 1. Identification of Earthquake Sources 1. Identifikasi sumber gempa
: gempa coord of sources Lokasi Location : koord. sumber Geometri : arah strike, sudut dip, Geometry : direction 0f strike, dip angle, kedalaman maksimum maximum depth Mekanisme : subduksi, patahan Mechanism : subduction, normal fault, normal, reverse reverse
4. Perhitungan hazard gempa 4. Seismic hazard Calculation Menghitung hazard dengan input on Calculating seismic hazard based dari Tahap (1) + (2) + (3) dengan input inmemperhitungkan the Step (1) +ketidakpastian (2) + (3) by considering epistemic uncertainties epistemic.
Available 3. 3. Selection Pemilihan of Data strong motion strong motion accelerogram yang ada data accelerogram fungsi atenuasi Atenuation Function
Informasi Geologi,Information on geologi,
Characterization of Sources 2.2.Karakterisasi sumber gempa seimologi Frekuensi kejadian Frequency distribution Slip rate Slip rate Magnitude maksimum
seimology
Katalog data gempa Earthquake cataloque
Maximum Magnitude
2. Procedure for Developing Deterministic Seismic Hazard Map
Semarang Fault South
M=7.3
Site location
Tectonic Setting and Earthquake Sources for Indonesia 0.11 g
Semarang
M=7.3
Identification of subduction and active faults surrounding the site location Selecting the worst scenario with maximum magnitude (Mmax) and closest distance (Rmin) for each source Determining the ground motions based on Mmax and Rmin with 84 percentile
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Tectonic Setting for Indonesia
Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones
Source Type I: Subduction Megathrust Philipine Plate Megarthrust Andaman-Sumatera Mw=9.2 , a=4.70, b=0.83
Sulu Thrust Mw=8.5
Eurasian Plate
Megarthrust Middle1 Sumatera Mw=8.6 , a=4.71, b=0.88
Megarthrust Philipine Mw=8.2 , a=4.64 b=0.87 West Molucca Sea Mw=7.9 East Molucca Sea Mw=8.1
Megarthrust North Sulawesi Mw=8.2 , a=4.28 b=0.91
Pasific Plate North Papua Thrust Mw=8.2
Megarthrust Middle 2 Sumatera Mw=8.5 , a=5.35, b=0.97 Megarthrust S Sumatera Mw=8.2 , a=5.76, b=1.05
Megarthrust Jawa Mw=8.1 , a=6.14, b=1.10
Indian-Australian Plate
Megarthrust North Banda Sea Mw=7.9 , a=6.86 b=1.20
Megarthrust South Banda Sea Mw=7.4 , a=7.56 b=1.34 Megarthrust Sumba Mw=7.8 , a=6.81, b=1.20
Megarthrust Timor Mw=7.9 , a=9.09 b=1.60
Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones (Widiyantoro, 2009 and Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia, 2010)
Compilation of historical earthquake events due to megathrust 1941 (7.9)
2004 (M9.15) 1881 (7.9) 2002 2005 (M 8.7) 1907 (~M7.8)
Sumatran fault Zone
EURASIAN PLATE
1861 (M~8.5)
1935 (M7.7)
Currently locked, end of typical cycle
1797 (M8.4)
1833 (8.9)
2007 (M 8.4)
Jakarta
2000 (M7.8) Unknown section, no large eartquakes in historical records
INDIAN-AUSTRALIANPLATE Natawidjaja, 2010
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Perlu merekonstruksi kejadian-kejadian masa lalu Dikerjakan oleh Dr. Danny Hilman (Praktisdi LIPI)
Inter-seismic period (slow strain accumulation)
Beginning of the new earthquake cycle
Slow uplift
Slow Submergence
(Natawidjaja, 2005)
During recent giant earthquakes the islands RISE suddenly!
The Sumatran Coasts SINK! New coast line
Old beach
Rising island creating new land in Simelue during Aceh-Andaman earthquake (Natawidjaja, 2005)
(Natawidjaja, 2005)
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Banda Aceh and East part of the islands SINKS
Haloban in Banyak Island Sinked about 30 cm
(Natawidjaja, 2005)
(Natawidjaja, 2005)
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Desa HALOBAN, P. Tuanku, Kep. Banyak (Natawijaya, 2004)
(Natawidjaja, 2005)
Corals tell about how the islands move up and down Penelitian Coral untuk studi Kejadian Gempa dan Deformasi (Natawijaya, 2005)
1833
(Natawijaya, 2004)
1816 1808 1797
(Natawijaya, 2004)
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Java Megathrust Earthquakes
Kegempaanhasilrelokasi Kegempaanhasilrelokasi (Engdahl, 2009) <50km (Engdahl, 2009)
Natawijaya, 2010
1994 (Mw 7.8)
July 2006 (Mw 7.8)
Irwan Meilano, 2011
Historical Earthquakes along The Sumatran Fault Zone (Natawijaya, 2010)
Tectonic Setting for Indonesia
1964
Source Type II: Active faults have been well identified 2. Aceh 3. Tripa
1.Seulimeum
4. Renun
8. Sumpur
5. Toru
9. Sianok
13. Dikit 14. Ketaun
6. Angkola 7. Barumun 10. Sumani 11. Suliti 15. Musi 16. Manna
74. Sorong
75. Ransiki 70. Yapen
72. Sula-Sorong
50. Palu-Koro 53. Poso
18.Semangko
51. Matano 58. Lawanopo 33. Semarang 52. Walanae
31. Baribis
17. Kumering 30. Bumiayu 19.Sunda 32. Cimandiri
73. Sorong-Maluku 34. Wetar back arc 78. Lowland 55. Tolo thrust 71. Tarera-Aidun
34. Jogja 36. Flores back arc
1990 1997 1936 1921 1916 1984 1987 1892 1822 1926 1943 6 March 2007 (M6.3 & 6.1) 1909 1995 1 Oct 2009 (M 6.7) 1952 1942 1900 1893 1933 1994 1908
1908 1909 (7.6) 1916 1921 ( >7) 1926 (~7) 1933 (7.5) 1936 (7.2) 1942 (7.3) 1943 (7.3) 1952 (6.8) 1964 (6.5) 1967 (6.8) 1979 (6.6) 1984 (6.4) 1987 (6.6)
Compilation of Historical Earthquake Events due to Faults
77. Manokwari trench 57. Gorontalo 54. Batui thrust
12. Siulak
Seismic Gap?
1822 1892 (7.7) 1893 1900
1967
76. Membrano thrust tbelt
2000
79 Highland thrust belt
23 destructive events in the past 200 years or 1-2 large earthquakes occur every decade
1990 (6.5) 1994 (6.9) 1995 (7.0) 1997 (6.5)
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Tracing Coordinates of Faults, Subduction, and Relocated Epicenters on SRTM
Collect GPS data Velocity Movement Based Slip Rate
Seismic Sources: Velocity Movement and Slip-rateBased on GPS
Source Type III: Shallow and Deep Background It is very suitable for unmapped faults, but have historical earthquake records It is used o account for epicenters that do not belong to well identified active faults
Spatially smoothed-gridded seismicity
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All shocks
Main Shocks 1897-2009
Selection of Attenuation Functions
Classification of Main Shocks Based on Type of Source (conducted by S3 Student) Shallow backgound Megatrust
Fault
Fault Background Subduction Megathrust
Subduksi Megathrust Benioff Zone/ Deep BG
Benioff 1 Benioff 2
Fault/ Shallow Crustal Background
Subduksi Benioff
Subduction Benioff
Benioff 3 Benioff 4
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SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273
Content:
Design Live
Probability of Exceedance 20%
50 tahun 10%
• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map • Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources
Immediate Occupancy
225 years
SNI 1983
Live Safety ccccccc (Rare Earthquake)
500 years
SNI 2002
Probabilistic maps:
• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps
• Applications for the Indonesian codes
Earthquake Level
Deterministic maps 84%: •Subductions •Faults
• 50 • 100 • 200 • 500 • 1,000 years • 2,500 •5,000 • 10,000
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB (for 50 years Earthquake)
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB (for 100 years Earthquake)
Didukung oleh:
Didukung oleh:
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Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB (for 200 years Earthquake)
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB Probability of exceedence 10% in 50 years (500 years EQ)
Didukung oleh:
Didukung oleh:
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB Probability of exceedence 10% in 100 years (1,000 years EQ)
Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB Probability of exceedence 2% in 50 years (2500 years EQ)
Didukung oleh:
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Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB Probability of exceedence 0.5% in 50 years (10,000 years EQ)
Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Faults at Bedrock SB with 84% percentile (150% Median)
Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Subduction at Bedrock S B with 84% percentile (150% Median)
Spectral Acceleration at Ss and S1 for 50, 200, 500, 1000, 2500, 10000 years and Deterministic approach
PGA
0.2 sec 1.0 sec PGA S0.2
S1
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Content: Buildings
• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map Tim Revisi SNI 1726 2012
• Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources
Ketua: Prof. Gde Widiadnyana Merati (Akademisi ITB) Struktur Bangunan Bawah: Struktur Bangunan Atas: Dr. F.X. Toha (Ketua ITB) Prof.Bambang Budiono (Ketua - ITB) Dr. Wijoyo Prakoso (UI) Prof. Iswandi Imran (ITB) Prof. Paulus Rahardjo (Unpar) Dr. Muslinang M. (ITB) Dr. Wayan Sengara (ITB) Dr. Dyah Kusumastuti (ITB) Sindhu Rudianto, MSc (HAKI) Ir. Teddy Boen (HAKI) Dr. Sylvia Herina (Puskim) MaryokoHadi, DipI.E.Eng (Puskim) Dr. Bigman Hutapea (HATTI) Dr. Dradjad H. (HAKI) Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) Ir. Stefy Tumilar (HAKI)
• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps
• Applications for the Indonesian codes
Process of Development of Hazard Map
Process of Development of Hazard Map
Continuous Updating: to account for New Data and Technology
Continuous Updating: to account for New Data and Technology follows the concept of UBC IBC 2009 ASCE 2010
(March 2010): adopted for SNI-2010
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2010
(National Concencus March 2010): IBC 2009 is adopted for SNI-2010 Eartquake Data up to1999
July 2010: ProbabilisticHazard Maps signed by Ministry of PW SNI-03-1726-2002
1997
2000
2003
Seismic Hazard: - Probablistic: 10% PE in 50 yrs (500 yrs eq.) Eartquake Data up to1999
SNI-03-1726-2002
2006
2009
2010
MCER(Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq.) Risk of Collapse 1% in 50 yrs: Seismic Hazard: - Probabilistic - Deterministic Approach Pleno meeting Fragility of Buildings January 2011: map Risk-Targeted Ground Motion
Pleno meeting November 2010: adopted for SNI-2010
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Application of Hazard Maps: depends on the type of infrastructure Coordinated by: Research Institute for Human Settlements Ministry of Public Works
Buildings
SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273 Design Live
Probability of Exceedance 20%
50 tahun
Earthquake Level Immediate Occupancy
225 years
SNI 1983
10%
Live Safety ccccccc (Rare Earthquake)
500 years
SNI 2002
2%
MCE*: Near Collapse (Very Rare Earthquake) - Prb 2,500 years + IBC 2009 - Deterministic
Risk of Colapse: 1%
Near Collapse (Very Rare Earthquake)
MCEG + MCER**: - Probabilistic + - Deterministic + - Fragility
SNI 2013 ASCE 2010
*MCE: Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Rata-rata Geometric) **MCER: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Resiko-Tersesuaikan)
National Consensus: Adapt ASCE 2010; combines •Probabilistic + •Deterministic + •Building Fragility
Deterministic maps
Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake Ss
MCEG map
Probabilistic maps: • 50 years • 100 • 200 • 500 • 1,000 • 2,500 years • 10,000
Building Fragility
MCER maps
Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric mean (MCEG) PGA
MCER
Seismic Base Shear
S1 Upper Structure
Jepit Sub Structure
sactive/passive PGA
Liquefaction potential
MCEG
Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric mean
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MCER: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake ASCE-2010: Risk of Collapse is 1% in 50 yrs
Risk-Targeted Ground Motion
Fragility Curve (Conditional probability of failure)
RTGM
∞
Pf
=
ʃ
Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Parameter for Indonesia for 0.2 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping), Site Class B
H(a)
0
dPf(a) da da
Risk/probability of collapse
=1/5000
Capacity Hazard
(Prepared by Team on Indonesian Risk-Targeted Ground Motions)
Luco, 2009
SMS = Fa SS Spectral Acceleration
Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Parameter for Indonesia for 1.0 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping), Site Class B
SDS = (2/3) SMS
Site Effect and Amplifcation Factor Spectra at ground surface SM1 = Fv S1 SD1 = (2/3) SM1 SMS = Fa SS SM1 = Fv S1 Ground Surface
0.4 SDS
Spectral Acceleration
0.2 T0= 0.2 Ts
1.0
T
Fv
Fa
SS
(Tabel 4)
Spectra at BedrockSB
Soil Type
S1
SS (Gambar 9)
0.2
1.0
(Tabel 5)
T
S1 (Gambar 10)
Bedrock SB
(Prepared by Team on Indonesian Risk-Targeted Ground Motions)
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Puslitbang Jalan + Jembatan PU +Akademisi +Praktisi Design live= 70 years
Comparison SNI 2002 with SNI 2013 for Jakarta
Highway Bridges Probability of Exceedance=7%
Spektral acceleration (g)
0.8
Soft
0.7
Earthquake Level= 1,000 years earthqauke
Medium 0.6 0.5
1993
2004
2008
0.4 0.3
Medium SNI-2013
Soft SNI-2002
Standar Nasional Indonesia
Guideline Soft SNI-2013
0.2 Medium SNI-2002
0.0
Seismic Load Design for Bridge
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Design Standard for Seismic Resistance Bridge
4.0
Perioda (sec) 500 years earthquake
2013
2014
• Revisiin of SNI 2833-2008 is on going by the Bureau of Bridge • Internal consensus for RO has been agreed by the Research Center for Highway and Bridge • Consept of RO refer to AASHTO, 2010.
Puslitbang Air PU Hydraulic Structures +Akademisi +Praktisi
Hydraulic Structures
Refer to USBR: Probabilitic: 50, 100, 200, 500 1000, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 yrs + Deterministic 84% For checking the safety of existing large dams: 5,000 and 10,000 years earthquake
Ports and harbours
Railway bridges
Design Earthquake: 500 yrs ?
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PENELITIAN-PENELITIAN KEDEPAN National Electric Company
Mikrozonasi untuk kota-kota di indonesia (kota besar dan dekat sumber gempa)
Concrete Dam for Electricity? Concrete Dam in West Java, 2013
Aceh
Recommendation from PRP (Project Review panel): Manado
-The Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE): 145 yr -The Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE): Probabilistic return period of 2475-yr + Deterministic 84th percentile level
Padang Bengkulu Lampung Kendari Jakarta Semarang Makassar Surabaya Bandung Jogjakarta Denpasar Kupang
Ambon
Jayapura
Example of Microzonation Study for Istanbul City (Ansal, 2010)
Development of Micozonation Maps for: •DKI Jakarta (2011 - 2014) •Denpasar, Manado, Jayapura, Padang (2012 - 2014)
Coordination Ministry of Public Walfare
National Disaster Management Agency
ITB
Ministry of Public Works
Ministry of Energy+ Mineral Resiurces
Berau of Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics
Government of Jakarta
Ministry of Research and Technology
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Master Plan Penelitian Pengurangan Resiko Bencana
Conclusions The role of academicians and practicions are very important in mitigating seismic hazard Perlunya: - Mata kuliah wajib Rekayasa Gempa di Prodi Teknik Sipil - Perlu mengantisipasi pasar bebas 2015 dng bebas masuknya konsultan asing
Revision of seismic hazard maps for Indonesia has been developed based upon updated available seismotectonic data, new fault models, and recent groundmotion prediction equations. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Deterministic Analysis has been conducted.
Seismic Hazard
For buildings: Mpas of Maximum Considered Earthquakes (MCEG and MCER) have been developed based on Probabilistic +Determintic + Fragility. For highway bridge, dam, port, etc: Revisions for seismic resistance design (including the maps) are still on going. Non Engineering Building
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Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge: - The Ministry of Public Works -The Ministry of Research and Technology -National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) through AIFDR (AustraliaIndonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction ) -USGS for their supports and assistances during this asigment
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