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LEGUMINOSE CROPS
asr - august 25th 10
REFERENCE Crop Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Change : Soybean. Leon Hartwell Allen, JR and Kenneth J. Boote Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity 2000 Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril). Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons 1. 1979 J. W. Purseglove. Kedelai. 2002. Badan Urusan Logistik RI Prosiding Lokakarya Kedelai Nasional. 2008. Pemberdayaan Agribisnis Kedelai menuju Swasembada Nasional. PERAGI - Jurs. Budidaya Pertanian. FP-UB.
GRAIN LEGUMES Grain legumes are one of the primary sources of protein for humans and animals Grain legumes contain of high protein and oils The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates There are 5 important grain legumes : Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril), Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Cowpea (Vigna unquilata L.) and Vigna radiata L. Wilczek (Mung bean)
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Produksi, Ketersediaan, Kebutuhan Kedelai Nasional Per Bulan Tahun 2008 160
140
120
Ribu ton
100
80
60
40
20
0 Jan
Peb
Mar
Produksi Kedelai
April
Mei
Juni
Ketrs. Kedelai
Juli
Agus
Sept
Keb. Kons. RT & Non RT
Okt
Nov
Des
Kons. RT
KETERGANTUNGAN IMPOR PANGAN DI INDONESIA Ketergantungan Impor Pangan
100 90 80
Persen
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Beras
Jagung
Kedelai Kc tanah Ubi kayu Ubi jalar
Sayur
Buah2an
M. goreng
Gula
Dg sapi & kerbau
Dg. Ayam
Telur
Susu
Ikan
2003 4.5743 2004 0.7537
11.372
64.264
11.563
0
0
5.3500
0.0462
0
30.440
4.1843
0.0358
0.2448
93.889
1.6707
9.1428
60.983
7.8714
0
0
5.8671
0.2724
0
21.311
3.9604
0.1589
0
92.372
2.5588
1.4696
57.339
8.9422
0
0
5.4856
0
36.564
7.8125
0.6700
0
96.048
2.0194
13.315
60.276
7.1032
0
0.0542
7.1428
0
0
29.941
8.3916
0.4491
0
89.585
2.9592
5.52
70.62
11.61
0.00
0.01
7.01
0.01
0.00
16.51
14.88
0.66
0.11
66.72
2.06
2005 0.5824 2006 1.3547 2007
4.12
0
nuhfil hanani : www.lecture.brawijaya.ac.id/ nuhfil
Common-bean
Longbean
Peanut Mung-bean
Soybean
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LEGUMINOSE CROPS SPESIES NAME West of India Pisum sativum Linn Vicia faba linn Africa Vigna unguilata L. Voandzeia subterranea L. Chinese Region Glicine max L. Merril India and Southeast Asia Vigna radiata L. Wilczek Americas Arachis hypogea Linn Phaseolus vulgaris Linn
COMMON NAME Garden pea Broadbean Cowpea Bambara groundnut Soybean Mung bean Groundnut Common bean
The composition of energy, protein, oil dan carbohydrat of food sources (per 100 g weight) (Marudut dan Sundari, 2000) No.
Food sources
Energy (kkal)
Protein (g)
Oil (g)
Carbohydrat (g)
1. 2.
Rice
364
7,0
0,5
80,0
Cassava
359
2,9
0,7
84,9
3.
Sweet Potato
355
5,2
2,0
80,6
4.
Taro
186
3,6
0,4
45,0
5.
Mung bean
369
23,7
1,3
67,3
6.
Cowpea
410
27,5
1,3
73,0
7.
Soy bean
312
40,0
20
35,0
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) Geographic origin : China The fifth most important food crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30 leading food crops Important grain legumes because of higher protein and oils The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates Sensitive to photoperiod 100 - 150 days old with daily air temperatur 20 - 30 C Indonesia production BPS 2010 : 0,92 million ton (40 %) Indonesia imported BPS 2010 : 1.3 million ton/year (60 %)
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SOYBEAN PRODUCTION INDONESIA AVERAGE PRODUCTION 2010 : 1.3 ton/ha THERE ARE 71 SOYBEAN VARIETY i.e : No.
Variety
Yield Potencial (t/ha)
Day old (g)
Grain size (g/100 grain)
Grain colour
1.
Wilis
3.00
85 – 90
10.0
Yellow
2.
Argomulyo
3.10
80 – 22
16.0
Yellow
3.
Burangrang
2.70
80 - 82
17.0
Yellow
4.
Sinabung
3.25
88
10.7
Yellow
5.
Gepak ijo
2.21
76
6.82
Green
6.
Tanggamus
2.90
88
11.0
Yellow
7.
Mahameru
2.16
84 – 95
17.0
Yellow
8.
Anjasmoro
3.20
84
15.0
Yellow
9.
Argopuro
3.05
84
17.8
Yellow
10
Detam 1
3.45
84
14.8
Black
11
Detam 2
2.96
82
13.5
Black
Kind of Soybean Industry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Biji kedelai Kacang kedelai Bubuk kedelai Tepung kedelai Susu kedelai Polong segar/Edamame Fresh pod Tauge Tahu Kembang tahu Minyak kedele
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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Tempe (Rhizopus) Oncom (ampas kedelai) Kecap (Aspergillus oryzae + garam + gula) Shoyu (kecap jepang + gandum) Tauco Miso Protein konsentrat Protein isolat Protein pintal Daging tiruan
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SPACE 30 X 15 cm SOMETIME NO SPACE IF PLANTED AFTER RICE CROPPING PATERN : RICE - SOYBEAN PLANTING TIME : DRY SEASON
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GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogea L.) Geographic origin : America Groundnut ranked are no 2 after soybean Important grain legumes because of higher protein and oils The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates 120 days old with daily air temperatur 25 - 30 C Indonesia production BPS 2009 : 104 ton dry grain Average production : 9 ku/ha Total area of production : 113 ha
SPACE 30 X 15 cm CROPPING PATERN : RICE – GROUNDNUT OR INTERCROPPING WITH MAIZE OR CASSAVA PLANTING TIME : DRY SEASON
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USEFUL OF GROUNDNUT : 1. Spicy of Indonesia food : gado-gado, pecel, rujak, sate 2. Snack 3. Peanut pure 4. Peanut Oil
-MUNG
BEAN Vigna radiata L. Wilczek
SPACE 30 X 20 cm CROPPING PATERN : RICE – MUNGBEAN PLANTING TIME : DRY SEASON
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Tanaman legume pohon
Buat Resume topik publikasi: “Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture” Edited by Ross C. Gutteridge and H. Max Shelton Department of Agriculture The University of Queensland Queensland 4072, Australia Download dari: http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publi cat/Gutt-shel/x5556e00.htm#Contents
TUTORIAL LEGUME
Presentasi perwakilan dua kelompok Tugas setiap kelompok untuk mengetahui teknik budidaya tanaman legume. Masing-masing kelompok satu jenis tanaman legume Format penulisan
Judul “Produksi tanaman ……..”
I. Latar Belakang II. Rasional III. Metode IV. Hasil V. Kesimpulan
Tutorial
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