10/17/2011
Session 4 Nature based tourism, rural tourism and ecotourism
Tourism continuum all tourism
Nature-based tourism
dependent
enhancive
Non nature-based tourism
incidental
1
10/17/2011
Tourism continuum Nature-based tourism : • 3S (most conventional, mass;
scuba, snorkeling, golf) • adventure • ecotourism • captive / consumptive tourism (hunting, fishing, zoo, aquarium, botanical gardens) Non Nature-based tourism : • stadium • cultural festival • historical attraction • shopping • VFR • business
Tourism overlap An example • Nature-based tourism with ecotourism : scuba/diving, snorkeling, coral reef visit • Nature-based tourism with adventure : jet sky, windsurfing, waterskiing • Captive tourism with ecotourism : safari, gardens • Consumptive tourism with ecotourism : hunting, deep sea fishing • ……. • …….
2
10/17/2011
Tourism space & involved high Amount of space involved
Number of participant
low •Hard adventure •Hard ecotourism
•Fishing •Hunting
• Captive setting • Urban, 3 S resort • Soft Ecotourism
Rural Tourism
3
10/17/2011
Rural Tourism Remote rural area
Two type of rural tourism Accessible rural area * Key feature of accessible rural area : relative economic buoyancy (lower rate of unemployment and growth in employment opportunity). Source : Page & Connel (2009)
The component of rural •Physical capital •Natural capital •Social capital
4
10/17/2011
Classes of Rurality Remote rural area
Extreme rural
Intermediate rural
Accessible rural area
Intermediate non rural
Extreme non rural
Urban areas
Source : Page & Connel (2009)
The context of rural tourism Changes in agricultural practice (mechanization, intensification, amalgamation)
Food surplus
Rural unemployment
Environment impacts
Rural to urban migration Government policy : reduce production
Loss of rural service
Government policy : environment protection
Focus on rural development issues
Diversification of economy & individual business
TOURISM & LEISURE BUSINESS Source : Page & Connel (2009)
5
10/17/2011
The aim of tourism development in rural area 1.Create local income, employment and growth 2.Provide economic and social infrastructure 3.To encourage the development of industrial sectors 4.To contribute local resident amenities and services 5.To contribute to the conservation of environmental and culture resources
Source : Page & Connel (2009)
The rural tourism spectrum Activities
Informal
Features
•Visit to wilderness areas •Walking off beaten track •Camping
• Planned use of small scale (ad hoc) (lunch in village inn, overnight stay) • sport
•Visit to enterprise in rural area such as visitor attraction (organized holiday) : shortbreak
• pleasure of the natural environment • no commercializa tion
•Creating opportunity for economic diversification • medium level of commerciali zation
•High level organization, marketing, employment & infrastructure •commercializa tion
Formal
Source : Page & Connel (2009)
6
10/17/2011
#Check reality • Taman wisata Gunung Halimun • Alas Kedaton Bali • Rumah Budaya Tembi • Sheraton Hotel • Raja Ampat • Eco-lodge Sarinbuana • Kec Dukun Merapi
Informal
Features
• pleasure of the natural environment • no commercializa tion
•Creating opportunity for economic diversification • medium level of commerciali zation
•High level organization, marketing, employment & infrastructure •commercializa tion
Formal
Source : Page & Connel (2009)
Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun • lahan produksi pertanian masyarakat dalam wilayah terbatas. • Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat rendah. • Usaha ekonomi masyarakat terbatas • Potensi obyek wisata tinggi belum optimal dimanfaatkan
Distribusi income pertahun dari wisata Halimun: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
20% management Koperasi Wisata Alam 20% Maintenance (perwatan infrastruktur) 20% Sosial 10% promosi 10% konservasi 10% pendidikan Koperasi Wisata Alam 10% keamanan wilayah dan lingkungan
7
10/17/2011
Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun 1. Average length of stay 1,4 days 2. Occupancy rate 13 % 3. 11 % of the Koperasi income → distributed to family annually
Alas Kedaton Bali An Example
Source : http://www.google.co.id/imgres?q=alas+kedaton+bali&hl=id&sa=X&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=RiFocjx1i1mYfM:&imgrefu rl=http://suarapublikbali.wordpress.com/2009/08/24 /mengamati-kehidupan-kera-di-alas-kedaton/kera-di-alaskedaton/&docid=fP5CE5ojbUrIhM&w=660&h=516&ei =mDyATqbUDIiyrAfh_N3aDw&zoom=1&biw=1366&bih =561&iact=rc&dur=487&page=1&tbnh=156&tbnw=216&start=0&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0&tx=84&ty=64
8
10/17/2011
Alas Kedaton Bali
Source : http://garudamagazine.com/features.php?id=53
Alas Kedaton Bali Location : Tabanan Regency, Southwestern Bali Area : 12 ha, about half is a forest Major attraction : a unique temple, monkey, bats Tourist destination totally manage by ―desa adat‖ • managing personnel • managing finance (tax & income) Desa ada established a committee (charge of management)
Staff are appointed from 12 ―banjar adat‖ (cleanliness, parking, collecting the entrance fee) Source : Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
9
10/17/2011
Alas Kedaton Bali The income is distributed among the people & relevant bodies. Every family
The entrance fee Desa adat Pemda : 65 % Parking Desa adat : 35 %
Source : Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
Rumah Budaya Tembi Pelayanan TeMBI Rumah Budaya 1. Memberikan Informasi sejarah dan sejarah Budaya 2. Menyelenggarakan pameran seni dan residensi perupa 3. Menyelenggarakan pertunjukan seni tradisional maupun kontemporer 4. Memproduksi karya seni berkualitas lewat pembentukan kelompok musik dan kelompok tari serta mendukung produk seni budaya berkualitas lainnya sebagai menifestasi dari usaha penciptaan. 5. Memberikan beasiswa bagi kaum muda (di bawah 25 tahun) penggiat seni dan budaya sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan TeMBI RUMAH BUDAYA 6. Mengelola ruang pertemuan,penginapan, dan rumah makan dengan standar pelayanan hotel berbintang berbasi budaya dan keramahan Jawa 7. Menyelenggarakan Dukungan Terhadap kelompok pertanian organik
10
10/17/2011
Rumah Budaya Tembi
Rumah Budaya Tembi TeMBI Resorts. Get the beautiful moment and beautiful viewing in rural
11
10/17/2011
Merapi Kesederhanaan Ultah Ke-62 Hermawan Kartajaya (HK) HK menikmati "pencerahan" yang dilakukan dengan konsep kembali ke alam itu. Dimulai penjelasan soal air murni yang tidak mampu menghantar listrik, jalan mundur, mengambil berbagai tumbuhan, menyusuri Sungai Lamat, dan cuci muka dari air Tuk. HK mengaku mempunyai pengalaman baru saat merasakan misa di Sungai Lamat yang airnya dingin….. Kemasannya sangat sederhana. Tetapi menimbulkan kesadaran yang sangat besar. Betul-betul menghubungkan sisi religius dan realitas. Saat itu saya banyak belajar. ……………………………………………….. "Saya betul-betul merasa kecil ketika berada di alam. Saya betul-betul merasakan alam tidak membedakan kita. Yang kaya, yang miskin, yang pinter, yang bodoh, dan lain-lain semua sama dihadapan alam dan Tuhan," Pengakuan ini mungkin benar adanya. Saat sesi mengambil tumbuhan yang berbeda, HK mampu membawa 10 tumbuhan. Namun, tidak ada satu pun tumbuhan itu yang dikenalinya, sekali pun itu ilalang dan putri malu. "Saya mampu mengumpulkan 10 tumbuhan yang berbeda, tapi saya tidak tahu namanya. Betul-betul nol pengetahuan saya soal tumbuhan," ungkapnya Source : http://www.mail-archive.com/
[email protected]/msg01630.html
Targeting the right market 1. The silent generation, 55–64 year-old people who are wealthy enough, generally well-educated and have no dependent children, and can travel for four weeks; 2. The baby boom generation, junior successful executives aged 35–54 years, who are likely to be travelling with their family and children (spending 2–3 weeks on travel) — travelling for them is a stress reliever; 3. The “X” generation, aged 18–29 years, who love to do ecotours as backpackers.
USA : 43 million people are ready to undertake ecotourism
Source : Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
12
10/17/2011
The most important for successful tourism development in rural areas 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Create a Complete Tourism Package Good Community Leadership Support and Participation of Local Government Sufficient Funds for Tourism Development Coordination & Cooperation between Businesspersons and Local Leadership 6. Coordination & Cooperation between Rural Tourism Entrepreneurs 7. Widespread Community Support for Tourism
The most important for successful tourism development in rural areas 8. Reducing the effect of seasonality 9. Understanding need and characteristic of customer 10. Existence of attractive natural and cultural 11. Branding : identity, benefit, quality
13
10/17/2011
Sustainable of the rural tourism 1. Increase mobile & penetrate more the remote area 2. Improving access via public transport 3. Lack skills in managing business, knowledge and expertise 4. Be careful : if rural tourism may be managed by outsiders who have little understanding of local people, culture and heritage
5. Tension : rural development vs conservation >>> eco-tourism
Eco-tourism
14
10/17/2011
Eco-tourism The Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as ―a responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people‖ (Western, 1993). Ecotourism in its Indonesian version (Sudarto, 1999; Dirjen Bangda Depdagri, 2000) is defined as activities of responsible travelling in intact areas (daerah alami) or in areas which are named according to kaidah alam (the role of nature), the purpose of such activities being to enjoy natural beauty, involves education, understanding, and supports conservation, as well as increases the income of the local communities. Source : Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
Eco-tourism associated with : 1. Natural attractions 2. Eagerness to achieve sustainable development 3. Potential employee in natural areas 4. Planning in protected area
15
10/17/2011
Eco-tourism response to • • • • • •
Global climate change The ozone layer Acid rain Ocean pollution Whaling Natural heritage sustainability
Thank You
16
