UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA
Jurusan Sistem Informasi Program Studi Sistem Informasi Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Genap 2007/2008
ANALISA INVESTASI IMPLEMENTASI SAP MODUL SALES DISTRIBUTION DI PT. BLUE BIRD GROUP Aji Kalimasada
1000889962
Immanuel Pangabean
1000890895
Yunita Renta Hutagaol
1000890863
Abstrak Investasi dalam teknologi informasi merupakan suatu aspek penting dalam strategi persaingan bisnis, namun investasi teknologi informasi sulit ditentukan manfaatnya karena adanya biaya dan manfaat yang sulit diukur. Oleh karena itu digunakan metode information economics untuk menganalisa seberapa besar manfaat dari investasi yang telah dilakukan perusahaan dan menganalisa seberapa besar kelayakan investasi tersebut. Information economics merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisa suatu investasi teknologi informasi untuk mengukur nilai biaya dan manfaat, yang disertai dengan metode pendukung lainnya seperti metode studi kepustakaan dan metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Penelitian menggunakan metode Information economics diterapkan pada investasi SAP Modul Sales Distribution di PT. Blue Bird Group. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa investasi SAP Modul Sales Distribution memberikan banyak manfaat baik tangible maupun intangible dengan nilai ROI yang didapat besar. Secara keseluruhan dengan menggabungkan ROI, business domain, dan technology domain disimpulkan bahwa investasi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan mendapatkan predikat baik dan mampu mendukung strategi dan kegiatan bisnis perusahaan. Kata Kunci : SAP Modul Sales Distribution, Information Economics, Investasi, Sales, Teknologi Informasi.
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PRAKATA
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat, rahmat, dan anugerahNya sehingga skripsi yang berjudul “ANALISA INVESTASI IMPLEMENTASI SAP MODUL SALES DISTRIBUTION DI PT. BLUE BIRD GROUP” dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Skripsi ini dibuat untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam meraih gelar kesarjanaan pada jenjang pendidikan Strata 1 Program Studi Sistem Informasi di Universitas Bina Nusantara. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, didapat banyak bantuan, bimbingan, dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak baik secara langsung mapun tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu, dengan segala kerendahan dan ketulusan hati, ucapan terima kasih kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan fasilitas dan kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan di Universitas Bina Nusantara. 2. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., M.Comp.Sc., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada untuk menulis skripsi ini. 3. Bapak Johan, S.Kom., MM., selaku Ketua Program Studi Sistem Informasi yang telah memberikan dukungannya. 4. Bapak FX. Endri Harmanto, S.Kom., MM., selaku dosen pembimbing yang dengan kesabaran dan kebaikannya telah memberikan dukungan, bimbingan, dan pengarahan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
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5. Bapak Joko Saryanto, selaku staff PT. Blue Bird Group yang telah membantu untuk mendapatkan informasi dan penjelasan yang dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. 6. Seluruh dosen Universitas Bina Nusantara, khususnya dosen-dosen yang mengajar di program studi Sistem Informasi yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu dan pengalaman sehingga dapat memanfaatkannya dalam penyususnan skripsi ini. 7. Seluruh anggota yang telah memberikan dukungannya sehingga skripsi ini dapat dibuat dengan baik dan tepat waktu. 8. Orang tua yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu yang telah memberikan semangat, doa, dan perhatiannya. 9. Pihak-pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung telah memberikan bantuan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. Akhir kata, harapan skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembacanya dan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi dan sumbangsih untuk dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya guna pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya di bidang sistem informasi.
Jakarta, Juni 2008
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL LUAR HALAMAN JUDUL DALAM HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN SOFT COVER ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... iv PRAKATA........................................................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... xvi BAB 1 ............................................................................................................................... 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1
Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah.......................................................................................... 3
1.3
Ruang Lingkup.................................................................................................. 4
1.4
Tujuan dan Manfaat .......................................................................................... 5
1.5
Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 5
1.6
Manfaat ............................................................................................................. 5
1.7
Metodologi ........................................................................................................ 5
1.8
Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................................... 6
BAB 2 ............................................................................................................................... 9 LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................................................ 9 2.1
Teori–teori Dasar .............................................................................................. 9
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2.1.1
Data dan Informasi........................................................................................ 9
2.1.2
Definisi Data ................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3
Definisi Informasi ......................................................................................... 9
2.1.4
Sistem dan Sistem Informasi....................................................................... 10
2.1.5
Sistem.......................................................................................................... 10
2.1.6
Sistem Informasi ......................................................................................... 10
2.1.7
Teknologi Informasi.................................................................................... 11
2.1.8
Proses Bisnis ............................................................................................... 11
2.1.9
Investasi Teknologi Informasi..................................................................... 12
2.1.10
Pilihan Justifikasi .................................................................................... 14
2.1.11
Metoda Valuasi TI .................................................................................. 16
2.1.12
Kategori Valuasi TI................................................................................. 17
2.1.13
Enterprise Resource Planning ................................................................ 19
2.1.14
SAP R/3 ................................................................................................... 22
2.1.15
Sales ........................................................................................................ 24
2.1.16
SWOT Analysis........................................................................................ 25
2.2
Teori – teori Pendukung.................................................................................. 26
2.2.1
Information Economics ............................................................................... 26
2.2.2
Cost and Benefit .......................................................................................... 29
2.2.3
Value ........................................................................................................... 32
2.2.4
Analisa Dua Domain ................................................................................... 33
2.2.4.1
Domain Bisnis..................................................................................... 36
2.2.4.2
Domain Teknologi .............................................................................. 40
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Analisa Biaya Manfaat................................................................................ 42
2.2.5
2.2.5.1
Simple Return on Investment (Simple ROI) ........................................ 43
2.2.5.2
Lembar Kerja untuk Menghitung ROI................................................ 44
2.2.5.3
Faktor – faktor dalam Perhitungan Skor Proyek................................. 48
2.2.6
Value Linking and Value Acceleration ....................................................... 51
2.2.7
Value restructuring ..................................................................................... 51
2.2.8
Innovation Valuation................................................................................... 51
2.2.9
Analisa Corporate Values ........................................................................... 52
BAB 3 ............................................................................................................................. 61 ANALISA INVESTASI IMPLEMENTASI SAP MODUL SALES DISTRIBUTION ... 61 3.1
Gambaran Umum PT Blue Bird Indonesia ..................................................... 61
3.1.1
Produk dan Layanan.................................................................................... 63
3.1.2
Lokasi.......................................................................................................... 64
3.1.3
Visi dan Misi Perusahaan............................................................................ 65
3.1.4
Strategi Bisnis Perusahaan .......................................................................... 65
3.1.5
SWOT Analysis dan SWOT Strategy ........................................................... 67
3.1.6
SDM pada PT. Blue Bird Group ................................................................. 70
3.1.7
Struktur Organisasi Lengkap PT Blue Bird Group ..................................... 71
3.1.8
Struktur Organisasi Divisi IT / Business Development ............................... 72
3.1.9
Tugas dan Wewenang PT Blue Bird Group Secara Keseluruhan............... 73
3.1.10 3.2
Tugas dan Wewenang Divisi Business Development ............................. 74
3.2.1
Gambaran Umum Sistem Informasi Penjualan............................................... 77 Proses Bisinis .............................................................................................. 77
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3.2.2
Infrastruktur aplikasi SAP di PT Blue Bird Group ..................................... 86
3.2.3
Arsitektur teknolologi informasi PT Blue Bird Group ............................... 86
3.2.4
Spesifikasi teknolologi informasi PT Blue Bird Group .............................. 87
3.3
Pembobotan Nilai dan Resiko Korporasi PT Blue Bird Group ...................... 88
3.3.1
Penilaian Faktor Domain Bisnis.................................................................. 89
3.3.1.1
Financial Value................................................................................... 89
3.3.1.1.1 Return on Investment (ROI).......................................................... 89 3.3.1.2
Strategic Value .................................................................................... 89
3.3.1.2.1 Strategic Match.............................................................................. 89 3.3.1.2.2 Competitive Advantage ................................................................. 89 3.3.1.2.3 Competitive Response ................................................................... 90 3.3.1.2.4 Management Information for Critical Success Factors ................. 90 3.3.1.3
Stakeholder Value ............................................................................... 90
3.3.1.3.1 Service and Quality ....................................................................... 90 3.3.1.3.2 Agility, Learning, and Empowerment ........................................... 91 3.3.1.3.3 Cycle Time .................................................................................... 91 3.3.1.4
Competitive Strategic Risk .................................................................. 91
3.3.1.4.1 Business Strategy Risk .................................................................. 91 3.3.1.5
Organization Strategic Risk and Uncertainty..................................... 92
3.3.1.5.1 Business Organizational Risk........................................................ 92 3.3.2
Penilaian Faktor Domain Teknologi ........................................................... 92
3.3.2.1
Strategic Value .................................................................................... 92
3.3.2.1.1 Strategic IT Architecture ............................................................... 92
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3.3.2.2
Competitive Strategic Risk .................................................................. 92
3.3.2.2.1 IT Strategy Risk............................................................................. 92 3.3.2.3
Organization Strategic Risk and Uncertainty..................................... 93
3.3.2.3.1 IT Definitional Uncertainty ........................................................... 93 3.3.2.3.2 IT Technical and Implementation ................................................. 93 3.3.2.3.3 IT Service Delivery ....................................................................... 94 3.3.3
Hasil Pembobotan Nilai dan Resiko Korporat ............................................ 94
3.3.4
Menentukan Nilai Korporat Kedalam Kuadran .......................................... 95
BAB 4 ............................................................................................................................. 98 ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................ 98 4.1
Analisa Biaya dan Manfaat ............................................................................. 99
4.1.1
Analisa Biaya Pengembangan................................................................... 100
4.1.2
Analisa Biaya Berjalan.............................................................................. 102
4.1.3
Analisa Dampak Ekonomis....................................................................... 104
4.1.4
Value Linking ............................................................................................ 108
4.1.5
Value Acceleration.................................................................................... 111
4.1.6
Value Restructuring .................................................................................. 114
4.1.7
Innovation Valuation................................................................................. 117
4.1.8
Ringkasan Penghematan dan Lembar Kerja ............................................. 117
4.2
Analisa Skor Corporate Value and Risk ....................................................... 120
4.2.1
Strategic Values ........................................................................................ 120
4.2.1.1
Strategic Match ................................................................................. 120
4.2.1.2
Competitive Advantage ..................................................................... 120
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4.2.1.3
Competitive Response ....................................................................... 121
4.2.1.4
Management Information for Critical Success Factors.................... 121
4.2.2
Stakeholder Values.................................................................................... 122
4.2.2.1
Service and Quality ........................................................................... 122
4.2.2.2
Agility, Learning, and Empowerment ............................................... 122
4.2.2.3
Cycle Time......................................................................................... 123
4.2.3
Competitive Strategy Risk ......................................................................... 123
4.2.3.1 4.2.4
Business Strategy Risk....................................................................... 123
Organization Risk and Uncertainty .......................................................... 124
4.2.4.1 4.2.5
Business Organization Risk .............................................................. 124
Strategic Values ........................................................................................ 125
4.2.5.1 4.2.6
Strategic IT Architecture................................................................... 125
Competitive Strategy Risk ......................................................................... 125
4.2.6.1 4.2.7
IT Strategy Risk ................................................................................. 125
Organizational Strategy Risk and Uncertainty ......................................... 126
4.2.7.1
IT Definition Uncertainty.................................................................. 126
4.2.7.2
IT Technical and Implementation ..................................................... 126
4.2.7.3
IT Service Delivery............................................................................ 126
4.3
Skema Pembobotan....................................................................................... 127
4.3.1
Hasil Pembobotan ..................................................................................... 128
4.3.2
Hasil Skor Kuesioner ................................................................................ 129
4.3.3
Information Economics Scorecard............................................................ 130
4.3.4
Predikat Implementasi Investasi Sistem.................................................... 132
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BAB 5 ........................................................................................................................... 134 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..................................................................................... 134 5.1
Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 134
5.2
Saran.............................................................................................................. 135
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 136 RIWAYAT HIDUP....................................................................................................... 138 PENYUSUN 1 .............................................................................................................. 138 PENYUSUN 2 .............................................................................................................. 139 PENYUSUN 3 .............................................................................................................. 140 LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................................. 141 LEMBAR KUESIONER PEMBOBOTAN CORPORATE VALUE............................. 141 LEMBAR KUESIONER FAKTOR DOMAIN BISNIS .............................................. 144 LEMBAR KUESIONER FAKTOR DOMAIN TEKNOLOGI.................................... 160
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1
Produk PT Blue Bird kategori Transportasi Passenger .............................. 63
Tabel 3.2
Produk PT Blue Bird kategori Transportasi Non-Passenger ..................... 64
Tabel 3.3
Produk PT Blue Bird kategori Manufaktur................................................. 64
Tabel 3.4
Produk PT Blue Bird kategori Properti....................................................... 64
Tabel 3.5
Produk PT Blue Bird kategori Supporting Services.................................... 64
Tabel 3.6
Hasil Analisa Strategi SWOT ..................................................................... 69
Tabel 3.7
Hasil Perhitungan Bobot dan Maksimum skor untuk sistem ...................... 94
Tabel 3.8
Mapping nilai korporat kedalam kuadran ................................................... 96
Tabel 4.1
Rincian Biaya Perangkat Keras................................................................. 100
Tabel 4.2
Rincian Biaya Perangkat Lunak................................................................ 101
Tabel 4.3
Rincian Biaya Tenaga Kerja ..................................................................... 101
Tabel 4.4
Lembar Kerja Biaya Pengembangan (Development Cost Worksheet)...... 102
Tabel 4.5
Lembar Kerja Biaya Berjalan (Ongoing Expenses Worksheet) ................ 103
Tabel 4.6
Ringkasan Kuantifikasi Manfaat Langsung .............................................. 105
Tabel 4.7
Lembar Kerja Dampak Ekonomis pada Tahun Ke-0................................ 107
Tabel 4.8
Ketepatan dalam Penyampaian Informasi................................................. 109
Tabel 4.9
Rincian Pengurangan Tingkat Kesalahan ................................................. 110
Tabel 4.10
Peningkatan Ketepatan dalam Pembuatan Tagiahan ............................ 111
Tabel 4.11
Ringkasan Value Linking...................................................................... 111
Tabel 4.12
Tabel pendapatan rata-rata .................................................................... 113
Tabel 4.13
Ringkasan Value Acceleration.............................................................. 114
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Tabel 4.14
Nilai Produktifitas Tanpa SAP Modul Sales Distribution .................... 115
Tabel 4.15
Nilai Produktifitas Dengan Adanya SAP Modul Sales Distribution.... 116
Tabel 4.16
Ringkasan Value Restructuring............................................................. 117
Tabel 4.17
Ringkasan Value Linking + Value Acceleration + Value Restructuring.... ............................................................................................................... 118
Tabel 4.18
Lembar Kerja Dampak Ekonomis (TCBA + Value Linking + Value
Acceleration + Value Restructuring)............................................................................ 119 Tabel 4.19
Ringkasan Hasil Pembobotan ............................................................... 128
Tabel 4.20
Ringkasan Hasil Skor............................................................................ 129
Tabel 4.21
Information Economic Scorecard ......................................................... 131
Tabel 4.22
Predikat Projek SAP Modul Sales Distribution .................................... 132
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1
Ilustrasi Tingkat Kesulitan Justifikasi..................................................... 15
Gambar 2.2
Modul-modul aplikasi SAP..................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.3
Alur kerja modul Sales aplikasi SAP secara umum................................ 25
Gambar 2.4
Information Economics........................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.5
Relevansi antara IT Benefit Matrix (Remenyi) dan Tiga Tipe Manfaat
(Parker)
................................................................................................................. 30
Gambar 2.6
Matriks Benefit ........................................................................................ 31
Gambar 2.7
Model Dua Domain Information Economics .......................................... 35
Gambar 2.8
Development Cost Worksheet ................................................................. 45
Gambar 2.9
Ongoing Expenses Worksheet ................................................................. 47
Gambar 2.10
Economic Impact Worksheet............................................................... 48
Gambar 2.11
Faktor perhitungan skor sebuah proyek .............................................. 49
Gambar 2.12
Perhitungan ROI.................................................................................. 49
Gambar 2.13
Variabel-variabel Domain Bisnis dan Domain Teknologi.................. 50
Gambar 2.14
Corporate Value and Risk................................................................... 52
Gambar 3.1
Struktur Organisasi Lengkap PT. Blue Bird Group ................................ 71
Gambar 3.2
Struktur Organisasi Divisi IT PT. Blue Bird Group ............................... 72
Gambar 3.3
Rich Picture Proses Sales........................................................................ 78
Gambar 3.4
Diagram Use Case .................................................................................. 79
Gambar 3.5
Tampilan UI pembuatan Quotation ........................................................ 80
Gambar 3.6
Tampilan antarmuka pembuatan Contract.............................................. 81
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Gambar 3.7
Tampilan antarmuka pembuatan Sales Order......................................... 82
Gambar 3.8
Tampilan antarmuka pembuatan Billing Invoice.................................... 85
Gambar 3.9
Tampilan antarmuka proses Payment settlement .................................... 86
Gambar 3.10
Arsitektur teknologi informasi ............................................................ 86
Gambar 3.11
Penetapan posisi kuadran nilai korporasi PT Blue Bird Group .......... 97
Gambar 3.12
Posisi Project Score Dalam Skala Penilaian 100 .............................. 133
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