UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA __________________________________________________________________ Jurusan Teknik Informatika/Sistem Informasi Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Ganjil tahun 2007/2008 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ABSENSI SISWA DI BINUS SCHOOL SERPONG
Tris Setiawan Eka Cahyadi Hendoko
0800739184 0800756783 0800762634
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu aplikasi absensi siswa berbasis web dan menggunakan impementasi teknologi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempersingkat proses absensi, mempersingkat proses update data absensi, memberikan brand awareness pada BINUS School Serpong, mengurangi biaya operasional absensi. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil pengumpulan data dianalisis dan dipakai sebagai acuan pembuatan sistem. Metode perancangan yang dipakai dalam pembuatan sistem adalah dengan menggunakan System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) melalui pendekatan Unified Modelling Language (UML). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah aplikasi absensi web based, yang proses input-nya menggunakan teknologi RFID, yang berhasil mempersingkat proses absensi dan proses update absensi di BINUS School Serpong. Disarankan untuk menambahkan SMS gateway pada aplikasi ini.
Kata Kunci: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Sistem Absensi, Sekolah ABSTRAK
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PRAKATA
Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan anugerah-Nya yang telah diberikan kepada kami sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan laporan tugas akhir ini. Maksud dari penulisan laporan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan kelulusan studi Jurusan Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi jenjang pendidikan Strata I (S1) pada Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. Kami menyadari bahwa isi laporan tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu kami mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun untuk perbaikan penulisan laporan tugas akhir ini. Pada kesempatan ini penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesarbesarnya kepada : 1. Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. 2. Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika. 3. Bapak Johan, S.Kom., MM., selaku Ketua Jurusan Sistem Informasi. 4. Bapak Gintoro, S.Kom., MM selaku dosen pembimbing laporan tugas akhir yang telah banyak memberikan saran, dorongan, nasihat, serta koreksi terhadap penyelesaian laporan tugas akhir ini.
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5. Bapak Soni, S.Kom.,MM selaku Information Technology Manager BINUS School Serpong yang telah banyak memberikan arahan dan bimbingan selama kami mengerjakan proyek ini. 6. Seluruh dosen jurusan Teknik Informatika yang telah membantu kami dalam pengumpulan data dan informasi untuk penulisan laporan tugas akhir ini. 7. Orang tua, kakak, dan adik kami yang telah banyak memberikan dukungan dan doa. 8. Seluruh teman-teman yang telah memberikan perhatian dan bantuan dalam penyusunan laporan tugas akhir kami. Akhir kata, semoga apa yang tertulis dalam laporan tugas akhir ini dapat menjadi suatu sumbangan pikiran dan menambah wawasan bagi para pembaca.
Jakarta, 30 Januari 2008
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL LUAR ..................................................................................................i HALAMAN JUDUL DALAM .............................................................................................ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN HARD COVER .................................................................iii HALAMAN PERNYATAN DEWAN PENGUJI ..............................................................iv ABSTRAK............................................................................................................................vii PRAKATA...........................................................................................................................viii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................................xix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................xxii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1
Latar Belakang....................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Ruang Lingkup....................................................................................................... 2
1.3
Tujuan dan Manfaat............................................................................................... 3
1.3.1
Tujuan ............................................................................................................ 3
1.3.2
Manfaat .......................................................................................................... 4
1.4
Metodologi ............................................................................................................. 5
1.4.1
Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................................... 5
BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI ................................................................................................ 7 2.1
Sistem ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.2
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)............................................................... 7
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2.2.1
Sistem Arsitektur RFID ................................................................................ 8
2.2.2
RFID Tag ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2.1
Klasifikasi Tag Berdasar Tenaga ............................................................. 9
2.2.2.2
Klasifikasi Tag Berdasar Cara Pemakaian ............................................11
2.2.3
RFID Reader................................................................................................11
2.2.4
Frekuensi RFID ...........................................................................................12
2.3
Database...............................................................................................................13
2.3.1
Sistem Tradisional Berbasiskan File..........................................................13
2.3.2
Pengertian Database dan Komponen Database........................................15
2.3.3
Database Management System (DBMS) ...................................................16
2.3.3.1
Pengertian DBMS ...................................................................................16
2.3.3.2
Keuntungan dan Kerugian DBMS .........................................................17
2.4
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ........................................................18
2.5
Diagram Aliran Dokumen (DAD) ......................................................................21
2.6
Web Service..........................................................................................................22
2.7
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) ....................................................22
2.8
Duwamish Framework ........................................................................................23
2.9
Unified Modelling Language (UML) .................................................................24
2.9.1
Class Diagram.............................................................................................24
2.9.2
Sequence Diagram ......................................................................................27
2.9.3
Use Case Diagram ......................................................................................28
2.9.4
Activity Diagram .........................................................................................30
BAB 3 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SOLUSI .....................................................32 3.1
Gambaran Umum Studi Kasus............................................................................32 xi
3.1.1
Sejarah dan Perkembangan Studi Kasus....................................................32
3.1.2
Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan..................................................................33
3.2
Analisis Permasalahan.........................................................................................36
3.2.1
Analisis Proses Bisnis Berjalan Pada Studi Kasus....................................36
3.2.2
Analisis Kuesioner dan Wawancara pada Studi Kasus.............................43
3.2.3
Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................................44
3.3
Analisis Pemecahan Masalah..............................................................................45
3.3.1
Solusi yang Berhasil Diidentifikasi............................................................45
3.3.2
Model Konseptual Aplikasi ........................................................................46
3.3.2.1
Model Konseptual Sistem Berjalan........................................................46
3.3.2.2
Model Konseptual Aplikasi Diusulkan..................................................47
3.3.3 3.4
Analisis Tujuan dari Solusi yang Akan Dibangun ....................................47
Perancangan Solusi..............................................................................................48
3.4.1
Perancangan Proses Bisnis Diusulkan pada Solusi ...................................49
3.4.2
Perancangan Struktur Fungsi/Menu pada Solusi.......................................68
3.4.3
Perancangan Layar (Storyboard) Pada Solusi...........................................73
3.4.4
Perancangan Basis Data Pada Solusi .........................................................79
3.4.5
ERD dari Basis Data .................................................................................107
3.5
Perancangan Aplikasi ........................................................................................108
3.5.1
Perancangan Class Diagram.....................................................................108
3.5.2
Perancangan Sequence Diagram..............................................................108
3.5.3
Perancangan Spesifikasi Proses................................................................112
3.5.3.1
Modul login ...........................................................................................112
3.5.3.2
Modul Session Display .........................................................................113 xii
3.5.3.3
Modul view attendance.........................................................................113
3.5.3.4
Modul entry attendance ........................................................................114
3.5.3.5
Modul daily attendance ........................................................................114
BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASI..................................................................117 4.1
Implementasi......................................................................................................117
4.1.1 4.1.1.1
Kebutuhan Sumber Daya Perangkat Lunak.........................................117
4.1.1.2
Kebutuhan Sumber Daya Perangkat Keras .........................................118
4.1.1.3
Kebutuhan Jaringan...............................................................................119
4.1.1.4
Kebutuhan Sumber Daya Manusia.......................................................121
4.1.2
Instalasi Sistem..........................................................................................121
4.1.2.1
Server .....................................................................................................121
4.1.2.2
Client......................................................................................................123
4.1.3 4.2
Kebutuhan Sumber Daya ..........................................................................117
Cara Penggunaan Sistem...........................................................................123
Evaluasi ..............................................................................................................131
4.2.1
Evaluasi dari Pengguna.............................................................................131
4.2.2
Evaluasi dari Pengembang........................................................................134
4.2.2.1
Evaluasi Waktu......................................................................................134
4.2.2.2
Evaluasi Sumber Daya Manusia ..........................................................135
4.2.2.3
Evaluasi Biaya.......................................................................................135
4.2.2.3.1
Dengan Sistem Absensi Kertas ......................................................135
4.2.2.3.2
Dengan Sistem Absensi Berbasis Web..........................................136
4.2.2.4
Kekurangan dan Kelebihan ..................................................................136
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................................138 xiii
5.1
Simpulan.............................................................................................................138
5.2
Saran ...................................................................................................................139
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................140 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ..........................................................................................142
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Simbol-simbol Diagram Aliran Dokumen.........................................................21 Tabel 3.1 Daftar Proses Bisnis dalam Studi Kasus ............................................................36 Tabel 3.2 Daftar Proses Bisnis dan Aktornya.....................................................................37 Tabel 3.3 Permasalahan pada Proses Bisnis .......................................................................43 Tabel 3.4 Draft Wawancara Guru .......................................................................................44 Tabel 3.5 Hasil Evaluasi Wawancara..................................................................................44 Tabel 3.6 Rangkuman Solusi untuk Permasalahan Studi Kasus .......................................45 Tabel 3.7 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Absen Masuk......................50 Tabel 3.8 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Absen Pulang .....................50 Tabel 3.9 Use Case Description dari Use Case Login.......................................................51 Tabel 3.10 Use Case Description dari Use Case Logout...................................................51 Tabel 3.11 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan View Jadwal Mengajar.....52 Tabel 3.12 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Entri Absensi per Sesi .....52 Tabel 3.13 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Update Absensi per Sesi .53 Tabel 3.14 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan View Absensi Harian .......54 Tabel 3.15 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Insert Absensi Harian ......54 Tabel 3.16 Use Case Description dari Use Case Melakukan Update Absensi Harian ...55 Tabel 3.17 Use Case Description dari Use Case Ubah Password ....................................56 Tabel 3.18 Use Case Description dari Use Case Memanggil Web Service.....................56 Tabel 3.19 Fungsi/Menu vs Pengguna................................................................................69 Tabel 3.20 Fungsi/Menu vs Layar (Storyboard) ................................................................73
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Tabel 3.21 Tabel HMSAPPLICATION ...............................................................................79 Tabel 3.22 Tabel HMSCONNECTIONSTRING.................................................................80 Tabel 3.23 Tabel HMSDATABASE .....................................................................................80 Tabel 3.24 Tabel HMSMODULE........................................................................................81 Tabel 3.25 Tabel HMSMODULECATEGORY...................................................................82 Tabel 3.26 Tabel HMSSESSION .........................................................................................82 Tabel 3.27 Tabel HMSUSER ...............................................................................................83 Tabel 3.28 Tabel HMSUSERPASSWORD..........................................................................83 Tabel 3.29 Tabel HTRMODULESCHOOLLEVEL ............................................................84 Tabel 3.30 Tabel HTRUSERAPPLICATIONRIGHTS .......................................................84 Tabel 3.31 Tabel HTRUSERPRIVILEGE ...........................................................................85 Tabel 3.32 Tabel MSAPPLICATION ..................................................................................85 Tabel 3.33 Tabel MSDATABASE ........................................................................................86 Tabel 3.34 Tabel MSCONNECTIONSTRING ....................................................................86 Tabel 3.35 Tabel MSMODULE...........................................................................................87 Tabel 3.36 Tabel MSMODULECATEGORY......................................................................87 Tabel 3.37 Tabel MSSESSION ............................................................................................88 Tabel 3.38 Tabel MSUSER ..................................................................................................88 Tabel 3.39 Tabel MSUSERPASSWORD.............................................................................89 Tabel 3.40 Tabel TRMODULESCHOOLLEVEL ...............................................................89 Tabel 3.41 Tabel TRUSERAPPLICATIONRIGHTS ..........................................................90 Tabel 3.42 Tabel TRUSERPRIVILEGE ..............................................................................90 Tabel 3.43 Tabel HLTDailyAttendanceStatus ....................................................................91 Tabel 3.44 Tabel HTRStudentAttendanceDaily .................................................................91 xvi
Tabel 3.45 Tabel HTRStudentAttendanceSession ..............................................................92 Tabel 3.46 Tabel LT_ATTENDANCESTATUS...................................................................92 Tabel 3.47 Tabel LT_ATTENDANCESTATUSEVENT......................................................92 Tabel 3.48 Tabel LT_CLASSTRANSACTIONSTATUS......................................................93 Tabel 3.49 Tabel LT_SCHOOLDAY ...................................................................................93 Tabel 3.50 Tabel LT_SEMESTER.......................................................................................94 Tabel 3.51 Tabel LT_SEMESTERPERIODE .....................................................................94 Tabel 3.52 Tabel LT_SESSION ...........................................................................................95 Tabel 3.53 Tabel LT_TYPEOFCLASS ................................................................................95 Tabel 3.54 Tabel LTDailyAttendanceStatus .......................................................................96 Tabel 3.55 Tabel MS_BUILDING.......................................................................................96 Tabel 3.56 Tabel MS_CLASS ..............................................................................................97 Tabel 3.57 Tabel MS_CLASSPACKAGE............................................................................97 Tabel 3.58 Tabel MS_CLASSPACKAGESET.....................................................................98 Tabel 3.59 Tabel MS_CLASSSCHEDULE .........................................................................98 Tabel 3.60 Tabel MS_PATHWAY .......................................................................................99 Tabel 3.61 Tabel MS_SCHOOLLEVEL..............................................................................99 Tabel 3.62 Tabel ms_student1...........................................................................................100 Tabel 3.63 Tabel MS_STUDENTHOMEROOMTEACHER............................................100 Tabel 3.64 Tabel MS_SUBJECT .......................................................................................101 Tabel 3.65 Tabel MS_VENUE...........................................................................................101 Tabel 3.66 Tabel MS_YEARLEVEL..................................................................................102 Tabel 3.67 Tabel TemporaryAttendance...........................................................................102 Tabel 3.68 Tabel TR_CLASS .............................................................................................103 xvii
Tabel 3.69 Tabel TR_CLASSPACKAGE ..........................................................................103 Tabel 3.70 Tabel tr_enrolledstudent.................................................................................104 Tabel 3.71 Tabel TR_PACKAGEENROLLMENT............................................................104 Tabel 3.72 Tabel TR_STUDENTATTENDANCE.............................................................105 Tabel 3.73 Tabel TR_STUDENTATTENDANCEEVENTS..............................................105 Tabel 3.74 Tabel TRStudentAttendanceDaily ..................................................................106 Tabel 3.75 Tabel TRStudentAttendanceSession ...............................................................106
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Skema Umum RFID (Anonim2) ...................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.2 8 Tahap SDLC (Turban, et. Al., 2001, p.477) ...............................................18 Gambar 2.3 Contoh Framework Duwamish (Anonim7) ...................................................23 Gambar 2.4 Notasi Class (Lethbridge, 2002, p439) ..........................................................24 Gambar 2.5 Notasi Multiplicity pada Class (Lethbridge, 2002, p439).............................25 Gambar 2.6 Class Diagram Hubungan Generalization (Lethbridge, 2002, p439)..........25 Gambar 2.7 Class Diagram Hubungan Aggregation (Lethbridge, 2002, p169)..............26 Gambar 2.8 Notasi Agregasi Dasar (Lethbridge, 2002, p169)..........................................26 Gambar 2.9 Notasi Agregasi Komposisi (Lethbridge, 2002, p169)..................................26 Gambar 2.10 Class Diagram Hubungan Association (Lethbridge, 2002, p155) .............27 Gambar 2.11 Notasi Object Lifeline dan Activation (Lethbridge, 2002, p440) ...............27 Gambar 2.12 Contoh Sequence Diagram (Lethbridge,2002,p273) ..................................28 Gambar 2.13 Contoh Notasi Use Case (Lethbridge,2002,p238) ......................................28 Gambar 2.14 Contoh Notasi Aktor (Lethbridge,2002,p238).............................................29 Gambar 2.15 Contoh Use Case Diagram (Lethbridge,2002,p238) ..................................30 Gambar 2.16 Contoh Activity Diagram (Lethbridge,2002,p285) .....................................31 Gambar 3.1 Struktur Organisasi BINUS School Serpong .................................................33 Gambar 3.2 DAD Proses Bisnis yang Berjalan..................................................................38 Gambar 3.3 DAD Proses Meminta Absensi.......................................................................40 Gambar 3.4 DAD Proses Merespon Absensi .....................................................................41 Gambar 3.5 Proses Merekap Absensi .................................................................................42 xix
Gambar 3.6 Rich Picture Sistem Absensi Berjalan............................................................46 Gambar 3.7 Rich Picture Sistem Absensi Solusi ...............................................................47 Gambar 3.8 Usulan Use Case Proses Bisnis.......................................................................49 Gambar 3.9 Melakukan Absen Masuk................................................................................57 Gambar 3.10 Melakukan Absen Pulang .............................................................................58 Gambar 3.11 Login...............................................................................................................59 Gambar 3.12 Logout.............................................................................................................60 Gambar 3.13 View Absensi per Sesi ...................................................................................61 Gambar 3.14 View Absensi per Hari...................................................................................62 Gambar 3.15 Update Absensi per Sesi ...............................................................................63 Gambar 3.16 Update Absensi per Hari ...............................................................................64 Gambar 3.17 Insert Absensi per Sesi..................................................................................65 Gambar 3.18 Insert Absensi per Hari .................................................................................66 Gambar 3.19 View Jadwal Mengajar ..................................................................................67 Gambar 3.20 Ubah Password..............................................................................................67 Gambar 3.21 Memanggil Web Service ...............................................................................68 Gambar 3.22 Storyboard Halaman Login...........................................................................74 Gambar 3.23 Storyboard Halaman Home...........................................................................75 Gambar 3.24 Storyboard Halaman View Teaching Schedule............................................76 Gambar 3.25 Storyboard Halaman Attendance..................................................................77 Gambar 3.26 Storyboard Halaman Daily Attendance........................................................78 Gambar 3.27 Storyboard Halaman Change Password ......................................................79 Gambar 3.28 ERD ApplicationDB ....................................................................................107 Gambar 3.29 ERD AttendanceDB.....................................................................................108 xx
Gambar 4.1 Arsitektur Jaringan ........................................................................................119 Gambar 4.2 RFID Reader..................................................................................................120 Gambar 4.3 RFID tag.........................................................................................................120 Gambar 4.4 Tampilan Halaman Login..............................................................................124 Gambar 4.5 Tampilan Halaman Home .............................................................................125 Gambar 4.6 Tampilan Halaman Attendance 1..................................................................126 Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Halaman Attendance 2..................................................................127 Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Halaman Daily Attendance 1 .......................................................128 Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Halaman Daily Attendance 2 .......................................................130 Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Halaman Change Password.......................................................130 Gambar 4.11 Persentase Kecepatan Akses Student Attendance Web .............................131 Gambar 4.12 Persentase Keinteraktifan dari Student Attendance Web ..........................132 Gambar 4.13 Persentase Kemudahan Proses Update Absensi........................................132 Gambar 4.14 Persentase Penyingkatan Waktu dari Proses Absensi...............................133 Gambar 4.15 Persentase Keefektifan Cross-Check Melalui Student Attendance Web..133 Gambar 4.16 Persentase Kemudahan Akses Student Attendance Web...........................134
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Class Diagram........................................................................................... L1
Lampiran 2
Sequence Melakukan Absen Masuk......................................................... L2
Lampiran 3
Sequence Melakukan Absen Pulang ........................................................ L3
Lampiran 4
Sequence Login.......................................................................................... L4
Lampiran 5
Sequence Logout........................................................................................ L5
Lampiran 6
Sequence View Jadwal Mengajar ............................................................. L6
Lampiran 7
Sequence Entri Absensi per Sesi .............................................................. L7
Lampiran 8
Sequence Update Absensi per Sesi .......................................................... L8
Lampiran 9
Sequence View Absensi Harian ................................................................ L9
Lampiran 10 Sequence Entri Absensi Harian ..............................................................L10 Lampiran 11 Sequence Update Absensi Harian ..........................................................L11 Lampiran 12 Sequence Ubah Password .......................................................................L12 Lampiran 13 RFID Manager ........................................................................................L13 Lampiran 14 Stream RFID Manager............................................................................L33 Lampiran 15 Stream Filter............................................................................................L34 Lampiran 16 Stream Notifier ........................................................................................L36 Lampiran 17 ERD ApplicationDB................................................................................L37 Lampiran 18 ERD AttendanceDB.................................................................................L38 Lampiran 19 Arsitektur Aplikasi ..................................................................................L39
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