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2.
Iodine status worlwide: WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency. 2004
3.
Tim Penanggulangan GAKY Pusat. Rencana aksi nasional kesinambungan program
penanggulangan
gangguan
akibat
kurang
yodium:
Tim
Penanggulangan GAKY Pusat; 2005. 4.
Dinas Kesehatan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2004. Dinas Kesehatan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. 2004
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Andersson M, Karumbunathan V, Zimmermann MB. Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade. The Journal of nutrition. 2012;142(4):744-50.
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Li M, Eastman CJ. The changing epidemiology of iodine deficiency. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2012;8(7):434-40.
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Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Wonosobo. Surveilans GAKY. Wonosobo: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Wonosobo, 2014.
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White F, Stallones L, Last JM. Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations: OUP USA; 2013. p.
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Qian M, Wang D, Watkins WE, Gebski V, Yan YQ, Li M, et al. The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in China. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2005;14(1):32-42.
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involvement
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camkii,
calmodulin
and
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23. Asyanti S. Status Yodium dan Fungsi Kognitif Anak Sekolah Dasar Di SDN Kiyaran I Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2009. 24. Amarra M, Sofia V, Bongga DC, Peñano-Ho L, Cruz FB, Solis JS, et al. Effect of iodine status and other nutritional factors on psychomotor and cognitive performance of Filipino schoolchildren. Food & Nutrition Bulletin. 2007;28(1):47-54. 25. Umamaheswari K, Bhaskaran M, Krishnamurthy G, Kavita V. Effect of iron and zinc deficiency on short term memory in children. Indian pediatrics. 2011;48(4):289-93. 26. Huwae F. Hubungan antara kadar seng (Zn) dengan memori jangka pendek pada anak sekolah dasar. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2006. 27. Passer MW, Smith RE. Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour: McGraw-Hill Australia; 2008. p. 28. Gathercole SE, Pickering SJ, Ambridge B, Wearing H. The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age. Developmental psychology. 2004;40(2):177. 29. Alloway TP, Gathercole SE, Pickering SJ. Verbal and Visuospatial Short‐Term and Working Memory in Children: Are They Separable? Child development. 2006;77(6):1698-716. 30. Farber D, Beteleva T. Development of the brain’s organization of working memory in young schoolchildren. Human Physiology. 2011;37(1):1-13. 31. Van de Weijer-Bergsma E, Kroesbergen EH, Van Luit JE. Verbal and visualspatial working memory and mathematical ability in different domains throughout primary school. Memory & cognition. 2014:1-12. 32. Flint J. The genetic basis of cognition. Brain. 1999;122(11):2015-32. 33. Simon TJ. Cognitive characteristics of children with genetic syndromes. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America. 2007;16(3):599-616. 34. Donohoe G, Deary I, Glahn D, Malhotra A, Burdick K. Neurocognitive phenomics: examining the genetic basis of cognitive abilities. Psychological medicine. 2013;43(10):2027-36.
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35. Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Bertolino A, et al. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of
BDNF
and
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44. Halliwell B. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now? Journal of neurochemistry. 2006;97(6):1634-58. 45. Colvin RA, Davis N, Nipper RW, Carter PA. Zinc transport in the brain: routes of zinc influx and efflux in neurons. The Journal of nutrition. 2000;130(5):1484S-7S. 46. Fretham SJ, Carlson ES, Georgieff MK. The role of iron in learning and memory. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal. 2011;2(2):112-21. 47. Falkingham M, Abdelhamid A, Curtis P, Fairweather-Tait S, Dye L, Hooper L. The effects of oral iron supplementation on cognition in older children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2010;9(4):4-. 48. Joint F, Organization WH. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2005. 49. Zimmermann MB, editor The role of iodine in human growth and development. Seminars in cell & developmental biology; 2011: Elsevier. 50. Sherwood L. The Perpiheral Endocrine Glands. In: Sherwood L, editor. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 9 ed. Australia: Cengage Learning; 2015. p. 666-71. 51. Zimmermann MB, Jooste PL, Pandav CS. Iodine-deficiency disorders. The Lancet. 2008;372(9645):1251-62. 52. Susanto JC. Defisiensi Yodium dan GAKY. In: Rusli SD, Lestari ED, Mexitalia M, editors. Buku Ajar Nutrisi Pediatrik dan Penyakit Metabolik. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI); 2014. p. 209-20. 53. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocrine reviews. 2009;30(4):376-408. 54. Zimmermann M, Saad A, Hess S, Torresani T, Chaouki N. Thyroid ultrasound compared with World Health Organization 1960 and 1994 palpation criteria for determination of goiter prevalence in regions of mild and severe iodine deficiency. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2000;143(6):727-31. 55. Chen Z-P, Hetzel BS. Cretinism revisited. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;24(1):39-50.
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56. Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson RR. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects: Elsevier Science; 2009. p. 57. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 4 ed. Jakarta: CV. Sagung Seto; 2011. p. 58. Dahlan MS. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan: Deskriptif, Bivariat, dan Multivariat, Dilengkapi Aplikasi dengan Menggunakan SPSS. 5 ed. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2011. p. 59. Sakti H, Nokes C, Hertanto W, Hendratno S, Hall A, Bundy DA. Evidence for an association between hookworm infection and cognitive function in Indonesian school children. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 1999;4(5):322-34.
48
Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance
49
Lampiran 2. Informed Consent
50
51
Lampiran 3. Tes Digit Span
52
Lampiran 4. Kuesioner deteksi dini GPPH
53
Lampiran 5. Foto kegiatan penelitian
54
c
55
Lampiran 6. Analisa statistik 1. Statistik Deskriptif a. Usia Descriptives Statistic Mean
9.9400
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
9.7639
Mean
Upper Bound
10.1161
5% Trimmed Mean
.08764
9.9333
Median
10.0000
Variance usia
Std. Error
.384
Std. Deviation
.61974
Minimum
9.00
Maximum
11.00
Range
2.00
Interquartile Range
.00
Skewness Kurtosis
.036
.337
-.270
.662
Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic usia
.319
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. 50
Statistic
.000
df
.774
Sig. 50
.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
b. Jenis Kelamin Jenis_kelamin Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
laki-laki
23
46.0
46.0
46.0
perempuan
27
54.0
54.0
100.0
Total
50
100.0
100.0
56
c. Berat Badan dan Tinggi Badan Statistics BB
TB
Valid
50
50
0
0
Mean
27.9720
129.3360
Median
26.6500
129.0500
Std. Deviation
5.40038
6.24803
Minimum
20.40
116.00
Maximum
43.00
144.00
N Missing
Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic BB TB
df
.140 .071
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
50
.016
.915
50
.002
50
.200*
.984
50
.733
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
d. Memori Jangka Pendek Descriptives Statistic Digit_Forward
Digit_Backward
Digit_Scaled_Score
Std. Error
Mean
4.68
Median
4.00
Std. Deviation
.891
Minimum
4
Maximum
7
Mean
2.14
Median
2.00
Std. Deviation
.351
Minimum
2
Maximum
3
Mean
6.2000
Median
5.0000
Std. Deviation
Sig.
1.64130
Minimum
5.00
Maximum
12.00
.126
.050
.23212
57
Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
Digit_Forward
.337
50
.000
.746
50
.000
Digit_Backward
.515
50
.000
.412
50
.000
Digit_Scaled_Score
.308
50
.000
.746
50
.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
e. Kadar Yodium Urin Descriptives Statistic
Std. Error
Mean
266.2800
Median
287.0000
Variance
4159.144
Std. Deviation
64.49143
9.12047
UEI Minimum
103.00
Maximum
358.00
Kategori_UEI Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
cukup
9
18.0
18.0
18.0
lebih dari cukup
23
46.0
46.0
64.0
berlebihan
18
36.0
36.0
100.0
Total
50
100.0
100.0
Valid
Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic UEI a.
.154
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. 50
Lilliefors Significance Correction
.005
Statistic .909
df
Sig. 50
.001
58
2. Statistik Analitik Correlations UEI
Correlation Coefficient UEI
Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient
Digit_Forward
Sig. (2-tailed)
Spearman's
N
rho
Correlation Coefficient Digit_Backward Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient Digit_Scaled_S core
Sig. (2-tailed) N
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Digit
Digit
Digit_
Forward
Backward
Scaled_Score
1.000
.368**
.214
.365**
.
.009
.136
.009
50
50
50
50
.368**
1.000
.302*
.966**
.009
.
.033
.000
50
50
50
50
.214
.302*
1.000
.483**
.136
.033
.
.000
50
50
50
50
.365**
.966**
.483**
1.000
.009
.000
.000
.
50
50
50
50
59
Lampiran 7. Biodata mahasiswa Identitas Nama
: A.A. Gede Suprihatin Suputra
NIM
: 22010111120007
Tempat Lahir : Lombok Timur Tanggal Lahir : 15 November 1993 Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki Alamat
: Renga, Desa Mamben Daya, Kec. Wanasaba, Lombok Timur
Nomor HP
: 085727766681
Email
:
[email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1.
SD
: SD Negeri 4 Aikmel
Lulus tahun : 2005
2.
SMP
: SMP Negeri 1 Aikmel
Lulus tahun : 2008
3.
SMA
: SMA Negeri 1 Selong
Lulus tahun : 2011
4.
S1
: Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
Pengalaman Organisasi 1.
Staf Komisi Advokasi SENAT FK UNDIP 2012
2.
Staf Departemen Syiar ROHISKU FK UNDIP 2012
3.
Ketua ROHISKU FK UNDIP 2013
4.
Presiden BEM FK UNDIP 2014
Masuk tahun : 2011