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USA TODAY

Europe tries to eradicate gum crime

07/24/2006

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Wolverhampton City

Chewing gum litter campaign

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By gum, a £75 fine for dropping litter Apr 10 2008 by Katie Campling, Huddersfield Daily Examiner

A HUDDERSFIELD motorist is warning drivers to beware of littering laws after she was fined for dropping chewing gum from her car window. Janet Mather, 50, of Moorlands Road, Mount, was given a £75 fixed-penalty notice by Kirklees Council on April 1 after being seen dropping a piece of chewing gum from her car on Leeds Road on February 29. At first, she thought the notice was an April Fool’s Day joke because she did not remember the incident. But after contacting the council she discovered it was real and paid the fine, as she could not say for definite that she had not dropped the gum. Mrs Mather, an early years development worker, said: “I usually give up chocolate for Lent and I am not someone who chews gum normally, but I was longing for something to chew. I truly don’t remember the incident at all. There was no photographic evidence. “I paid the fine because I didn’t want to go to court and if I did this then I deserve the fine. I’m law-abiding and honest. I’ve never had anything like this in 20 years of driving. “It is quite a lot of money for a piece of chewing gum. I want to warn other people to think about what they are doing because you don’t know who’s watching.” Fixed-penalty notices can be sent to drivers for dropping litter from their cars if they are seen by a witness who is prepared to give a signed statement to the council. Rob Dalby, enforcement officer with Kirklees Environmental Services, said: “The fixed penalty is an opportunity to discharge the offence without going to court. If you choose not to take advantage of that the original offence comes into force and will be prosecuted under Section 87 of the 1990 Environmental Protection Act.” Proof – other than a witness statement – is not needed for a fixed-penalty notice. But if the case proceeds to magistrates’ court the bench will decide on the evidence whether someone is guilty or innocent. If someone is found guilty the maximum penalty a court can give out is a £2,500 fine. Mr Dalby said: “It is up to the magistrates to decided on guilt or innocence and the level of penalty.”

36

Minister Gormley to increase on-the-spot litter fine - Better Enforcement is the Key Mr. John Gormley, T.D., Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, today (23 July 2007) announced that he is to increase the on-the-spot litter fine from 125 to 150 in September 2007. The Minister also announced the publication of the 2006 Litter Pollution Monitoring System report. The Litter Pollution Monitoring System provides important data about the extent and composition of litter in Ireland and the 2006 Litter Pollution Monitoring System report reveals that: · · · · · · ·

There has been an increase in litter free areas from 6.1% in 2005 to 6.8% in 2006; 53.6% of all areas surveyed were only slightly littered; 0.6% of areas were grossly littered; Cigarette related litter (56%), food related litter (26%), packaging litter (13%), and paper litter (3%) were identified as the main constituents of litter nationally; Chewing gum (25.18%) is the single largest litter component in the food related litter category; Passing pedestrians (34.7%), passing motorists (16.1%), retail outlets (10.7%) and gathering points (7.3%) were identified as the main sources or causes of litter nationally, and There has been a significant decrease in gathering points as a source of litter from 12.7% in 2005 to 7.3% in 2006.

Minister Gormley welcomed the publication of the results saying that, “The report shows improvements in cleanliness levels generally and, taken together with the pattern in recent years, points to a gradual but steady reduction in litter levels across the country. However, progress is very slow and I am determined to see local authorities ramp up their levels of enforcement. In the next couple of months I will be meeting with Local authorities and interested parties like IBAL to discuss how we might ramp up enforcement and better educate people not to litter. Let there be doubt Ireland still has a significant litter problem and there is no room for complacency. It is clearly in everybody’s interest to eliminate the degradation to our surroundings caused by litter pollution. While awareness raising and education initiatives are vitally important, I believe that the on-the-spot fine for leaving or throwing litter in a public place should serve to deter people from littering. By increasing the litter fine to 150, I am sending out a clear message that society is not prepared to tolerate litter pollution. Generally people are more aware of their environment and are increasingly prepared to make a personal effort to look after it. We must change the behaviour of the few who do not dispose of their litter in a responsible way and I hope by increasing the litter fine to 150 it will make people think before throwing litter” he said. “I am aware that a negotiated agreement, which mainly seeks to reduce chewing gum litter through awareness raising and education, exists between my Department and the chewing gum industry. While I would have liked to see some provision made in this agreement towards the clean-up costs associated with chewing gum litter, I am maintaining an open mind on this agreement until its effectiveness has been comprehensively and objectively reviewed when it expires. At this stage I am ruling nothing in or out in terms of what may follow this agreement in the future, including the introduction of a levy,” added Minister Gormley.

37

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Case Study - Dudley Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Gummy Bin re-educates the spitters and chuckers Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council was the first local authority to adopt the Gummy Bin – a cartridge disposal system for chewing gum that enables it to be recycled. Even if the cartridge contains up to 40 per cent of waste other than used chewing gum, it can still be recycled.

It is estimated that 80–90 per cent of chewing gum is not disposed of in any litter receptacle and, until the introduction of Gummy Bins, none was collected for recycling. Dudley council staff spent four months planning the launch of their Gummy Bin trial and aimed the campaign at 13–34 year olds, and particularly the 2,000 students in Stourbridge schools and colleges. The launch in June was followed by a count in September 2006 and another in January 2007. Before the campaign, 2,253 pieces of gum were found in the nine test areas. The council’s cleaning department removed the gum, first with dry ice which was too noisy, and later on with high pressure steam cleaning methods. After the bins were installed, just 86 new pieces were found. The gum had accumulated over a five-year period, that being the time from when the paving slabs were relayed.

Recycling the gum David Wesson, Team Manager, and his team found it better to place the Gummy Bins close to existing bins to avoid people putting other waste into the cartridges. "It doesn’t matter if people stick paper or plastic into the bins as that material can be recycled, too, as long as 60 per cent or more of the cartridge waste consists of discarded chewing gum. The top of the bin is ergonomically designed so that gum can be dropped easily into the cartridge below. The cartridge itself can be removed without touching its contents" - David The street cleansing team also found that the bin fixings needed to be improved to reduce novelty vandalism. Vandalism and damage was quite severe at the beginning – up to 30 units were broken at the back of the bin. So the team worked with the manufacturer to strengthen them with a galvanised steel plate. Where containers were fixed to walls no damage or vandalism has been sustained. It is worth noting that the manufacturer replaced all damaged and vandalised bins free of charge. Since the upgrades there has been no measurable damage as the containers have been developed into quite a robust product.

Underlay for running tracks The cartridges containing the waste gum are frozen so that the gum can be removed easily and the cartridges can be reused. The chewing gum is then mixed with an additive and hardened, chopped into small pieces and mixed with aggregate. The process is currently being tested by the University of Plymouth for efficiency and use on a large scale.

46

Recycling will begin in volume when sufficient levels of waste gum have been collected. Gummy Bins will then make the recycled gum aggregate available for uses including drainage systems for football pitches, underlay for running tracks and as construction material. Research undertaken among 5 year olds in Cheshire showed that most of them don’t think of chewing gum as litter. So encouraging people to dispose of used gum properly can be a challenge, and needs to start at an early age. Gummy Bins appeal to children and, by educating them to use the bins, the council hopes to cut the amount of littering – and the associated costs.

65 town centre bins Stourbridge now has 40 bins in the town centre and 25 bins in a nearby college. In 2007, a further 50 Gummy Bins will be installed in other towns. "We have developed our own signs put up on lamp posts next to the Gummy Bins, stating it is an offence to litter. We noticed that much of the gum litter was found around litter bins, which showed that people had tried to throw away their gum but had missed. People clearly didn’t want to stick their hands into the bins to drop the gum properly" - David In terms of cost-effectiveness, Dudley Council prefers to spend money on bins rather than on steamcleaning the streets. They see the initiative as bringing long-term benefits. However, the council still spends 20 times more money per annum on steam-cleaning machinery and personnel than on Gummy Bins. The deployed costs are £65,000, however the Street Cleansing team’s job includes removing graffiti and flyposting as well as removing gum. During the first yield period 01/06/06 – 25/09/06 a total of 1,746 pieces of gum were collected. By 15/01/07 the count of spots of gum deposited in the transect areas was 258 compared to the start count of 2,253.

Affixed to lamp posts In a town centre location, the Gummy Bins installation team will aim to place the bins no further than 30 m apart. If placed any further apart, the installations are likely to be less effective because people have more opportunity to drop their gum before reaching a bin. The bins can be affixed to lamp posts, signposts, walls, etc. at a height of approximately 1.4 m. If they are placed on posts, the bins are installed back-to-back so that they can be seen by pedestrians walking in all directions. When carrying out an installation, Gummy Bins operatives look out for high traffic areas and chewing gum hotspots, such as fast food outlets, bus stops and congregation areas to maximise success.

47

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’Stoomstok’ pakt kauwgum aan ROTTERDAM - Alle zintuigen worden geprikkeld, als het kauwgumteam van de Roteb voorbij trekt. Allereerst het gehoor. Zet vijf van die nagelnieuwe stoomapparaten naast elkaar, en het lijkt alsof er een hele colonne pizzabrommers voorbij trekt. . ,,Ze worden aangedreven door kleine aggregaten, vandaar. Het geluid blijft echter ruimschoots onder de norm,’’ luidt de uitleg van directeur reiniging Hermann Jäger van de Roteb. Dan de reuk. Een weeë, zuurstokwinkel-achtige geur stijgt op, als de stoom de stoep raakt en de geplette plakjes als sneeuw voor de zon verdwijnen. En daar ging het nu precies om, gisteren op de Coolsingel. Wég met de kauwgumplakken op straat, had burgemeester Opstelten begin dit jaar geroepen, en zo geschiedde. De machines doen hun werk grondig. Het vocht uit een spuitstuk doet een stukje kauwgum uiteen vallen tot een plasje kleurloze drab, waarbij de originele tegel tevoorschijn komt. Zo worden enkele vierkante meters stoep in een mum van tijd schoon gespoten. Vóór 1 juli moet het centrum van Rotterdam vrij zijn van kauwgum. Bron: AD

Roteb gaat kauwgum schrobben ROTTERDAM - Het kauwgumplan van burgemeester Opstelten wordt uitgevoerd. Kauwgum op de stoep. Binnenkort verleden tijd. FOTO SANNE DONDERS De Roteb heeft de opdracht gekregen om de binnenstad van Rotterdam voor 1 juli vrij te maken van de ontelbare kleverige plakjes snoepgoed. Een speciaal team van de reinigingsdienst zal die taak ‘zo snel mogelijk’ op zich nemen. De bedoeling is dat het centrum na deze grote schoonmaak ook structureel gevrijwaard blijft van kauwgumresten. „We onderzoeken nog wat de meest efficiënte manier is om dit te doen,’’ zegt een woordvoerster van de Roteb. Tevens start een campagne om de Rotterdammers bewust te maken van de troep die het uitspugen van kauwgum veroorzaakt. Met andere diensten wordt gesproken over de manier waarop tegen de ‘vervuilers’ moet worden opgetreden. Daarbij wordt gedacht aan het uitdelen van boetes. Vorig jaar werd door studenten van de Hogeschool Rotterdam onderzoek gedaan naar dit probleem. 90 procent van de mensen die werden geïnterviewd, gaf aan wel eens kauwgum te gebruiken. Van hen spuugt 65 procent die later uit op straat. Ruim de helft van de ‘spugers’ zei geen zin te hebben om naar een prullenbak te lopen. De rest gaf aan geen afvalbak te kunnen vinden. Van hen typeerde de helft kauwgum op straat als ‘vies’. Bron: AD

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Rotterdam op 1 juli kauwgumvrij 9 juni 2008 Onder het motto "Spuugzat van de Kauwgum in de stad" bindt Rotterdam de strijd aan tegen de kauwgum op straat. Burgemeester Opstelten startte maandag een speciale campagne om definitief af te rekenen met de plakkerige viezigheid op tegels en stoepen. De afgelopen weken zijn al bijna anderhalf miljoen stukjes uitgekauwde gum verwijderd van zo' n 30 duizend vierkante meter straat. Op 1 juli moet de binnenstad dus definitief vrij van plakkerige kauwgom zijn en worden de omliggende wijken aangepakt. Al weken is personeel van de ROTEB met speciale machines aan het werk om de straten schoon te spuiten. Maandagochtend startte burgemeester Opstelten een speciale campagne in de hoop dat daar waar het schoon gemaakt is, het ook schoon blijft. Hij stapte hiervoor in een speciale tram. En Rotterdam zou Rotterdam niet zijn als daar niet een mooie slogan voor is bedacht... Na de tramrit, waarbij Opstelten bewees meer te kunnen dan alleen de stad besturen, gaf hij het officiele startschot voor de campagne. Bron: RTV Rijnmond

Strijd tegen kauwgum op straat gaat nog even door H et z i et er na ar u i t d at R o t t er d am o o k n a 1 j u l i de st r i j d t eg en k auw g u m op st r a at z al voo r t z et t en . I n i ed er g e v al h e ef t h et g em e e n t e b e st uu r vo o r vi er j a ar e en b u dg et v a st g e st el d om d e h i n d er l i j k e p l a k k at en t e v er w i j d er en .

Tijdens de nieuwjaarsreceptie bracht burgemeester Opstelten het ergerniswekkende onderwerp ter sprake. Hij zei dat het Rotterdamse centrum voor 1 juli kauwgumvrij zou moeten zijn. Roteb denkt de streefdatum van 1 juli zeker te kunnen halen. De Hoogstraat, Lijnbaan, Oude Binnenweg, Kruiskade en Korte Lijnbaan zijn inmiddels schoon. Hier is het een kwestie van bijhouden, waarvoor de zogenaamde kauwgumteams wekelijks de straten nalopen en nieuwe plakkaten verwijderen. Op de Meent en de Coolsingel zijn de kauwgumteams volop bezig. Na 1 juli gaan de kauwgumteams van Roteb door, naast het bijhouden van de binnenstad zullen ook omliggende wijken kauwgumvrij gemaakt worden. Sinds afgelopen maandag rijdt er een ‘anti-kauwgum tram’ door de stad.

Inmiddels is een campagne tegen kauwgumvervuiling in de binnenstad van start gegaan: ‘Spuugzat van kauwgum in de stad’ is de slogan, die Rotterdammers en bezoekers bewust moet maken dat kauwgum niet op straat hoort. Begin deze week gaf burgemeester Opstelten het startsein voor de campagne door een stukje te rijden met een speciale anti-kauwgumtram. Tot nu toe hebben de kauwgumteams van Roteb al zo’n 30.000 m² gereinigd. Dit is omgerekend gemiddeld ongeveer 1.400.000 kauwgumplakkaten die de teams tot nu toe gezamenlijk verwijderd hebben

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