--USING WATER OPTIMALLY WATER and LAND ASPECTS of FOOD CROP Sector on INDONESIA

--USING WATER OPTIMALLY— WATER and LAND ASPECTS of FOOD CROP Sector on INDONESIA

Ir. Willem J. van Diest IOPIM – WISMP2 IBRD Loan No 8027 - IND

OVERVIEW • 7.0 Million ha Irrigated Rice, 2 yields/year, 9 tons/year • 1.5 Million ha Lowland Rain-fed rice, 1 yield/year, 2 tons/year • 5 Million Ha Upland Rain-fed Agriculture, 1 yield/year, 3.5 tons/year • 0.1 Million ha irrigated Sugarcane (East Java)

CHALLENGES IRRIGATION SECTOR (1) • Unreliable water supply (only around 10 % has

storage dam + ongoing deforestation of catchments)

• Lack of reliable data (maps and discharge data) • Unprotected Land Status of irrigated land in spatial Plan (50 % on Java) leading of land conversion (on Java to urbanisation and outside Java to Oil palm)

CHALLENGES IRRIGATION SECTOR (2) • Unreliable water supply (only around 10 % has Small landownerships (on Java 0.3 ha/family) resulting in part-time farmers • Too low O&M allocation mainly at Kabupaten Level • Staff rotations (in particular Kabupaten level)

THE JAVA CASE -) FERTILE YOUNG SOILS -) HOME TO 65 % OF NATIONAL POLULATION -) PRODUCES 55 % OF NATIONAL RICE ON 45 % OF NATIONAL IRRIGATION AREA -) VERY HIGH POLUATIONS -) PRESSURE ON IRRIGATED RICE TO BE CONVERTED FOR URBANISATION

Present Situation (Java) Food Production Land: 6.3 M ha -- sawah 3.4 (Audit sawah) -- dry land

3.0 (Rupabumi)

HOTSPOT ANALYSIS: Protected in RTRW: (<50%) -- sawah 1.6 (50%) -- dry land 0.8 (25%)

2.3 M ha

MAIN challenge: Rapid Urbanisation 1976

1988

2004

The rapid urbanisation has caused many issues in the present But if you think today’s problems (2010) are big: JaBoDeTaBekPunJur will almost double in urban area in 2050!!

OWN RESEACH 2011 • JAVA WATER RESOURCE STRAGIC STUDY JWRSS 2010/2011 • LAND CONVERSION ANALYSES in 5 SAMPLE KABUPATENS • ISLAND EXTRAPOLATION

Hotspots of farmland conversion 2010-2030

Source: ADB TA7189 INO B2 / WB JWRSS projects

Self-sufficiency %

Java is losing rice self-sufficiency

Source: ADB TA7189 INO B2 / WB JWRSS projects

AREAL IRIGASI DI PULAU JAWA

Overlay antara: • Peta sawah irigasi berdasar landuse RTR • Peta Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang 2028

AREAL IRIGASI DI PULAU JAWA

Analisis berdasar RTR Pulau Jawa - Bali: - Luas sawah irigasi di Jawa 2,864,384 ha - Terancam konversi s/d 2028 683,654 ha - Penurunan dalam 20 tahun 24% - Penurunan per tahun 1,35%

KABUPATEN MADIUN Berdasar RTRW Kabupaten Madiun 2009 -2029 dan Landuse 2007

Sawah Irigasi : • Eksisting (2007) = 26 270 ha • Menjadi urban area pada tahun 2029 = 4 907 ha • Penurunan selama 22 tahun = 18,7% • Penurunan pertahun = 0,94% Kehilangan terbanyak adalah untuk pengembangan Caruban

KABUPATEN NGAWI Berdasar RTRW Kabupaten Ngawi 2008 2028 dan Landuse 2007

Sawah Irigasi : • Eksisting (2007) = 33 760ha • Menjadi urban area pada 2028 = 5 786 ha • Penurunan selama 22 tahun = 17,1%

Hasil ini terlalu besar karena peta yang tidak akurat, seharusnya lebih kecil karena pengembangan Urban Area diarahkan pada areal non

AREAL IRIGASI DI PULAU JAWA

Kabupaten Jakarta Selatan Jakarta Pusat Kdy. Yogyakarta Kdy. Surakarta Jakarta Barat Kdy. Pekalongan Kdy. Tegal Kdy. Surabaya Kdy. Sukabumi Kdy. Bandung Kdy. Cirebon Kdy. Salatiga Kdy. Madiun Kdy. Kediri Kodya Pasuruan Jakarta Utara Kodya Malang Jakarta Timur Kdy. Bogor Kdy. Tangerang Bantul Kodya Blitar Sidoarjo Sleman Kdy. Semarang

Terancam Konversi 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99% 99% 98% 98% 95% 92% 92% 88% 88% 87% 87% 85% 81% 77% 77% 73% 71% 66%

Kabupaten Klaten Kdy Probolinggo Bandung Sukoharjo Kudus Sukabumi Jombang Pemalang Tegal Malang Bogor Karang Anyar Mojokerto Tulungagung Kendal Pasuruan Jepara Tangerang Banyumas Trenggalek Bekasi Kediri Pekalongan

Terancam Konversi 64% 63% 53% 50% 45% 44% 43% 41% 37% 35% 35% 33% 33% 33% 33% 32% 32% 32% 31% 29% 29% 29% 28%

Kabupaten Purbalingga Semarang Jember Boyolali Banyuwangi Tasikmalaya Blitar Magetan Nganjuk Situbondo Ponorogo Garut Temanggung Batang Cirebon Purwakarta Cianjur Probolinggo Banjarnegara Majalengka Brebes

Terancam Konversi 28% 27% 27% 26% 26% 26% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 24% 24% 24% 24% 24% 23% 23% 23% 22% 22%

Kabupaten Sumedang Magelang Sragen Gresik Kebumen Purworejo Demak Lumajang Karawang Serang Bangkalan Pamekasan Madiun Indramayu Kuningan Pacitan Sampang Pati Bondowoso

Terancam Konversi 21% 21% 20% 18% 18% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 16% 14% 14% 14% 14% 13% 13% 13%

Kabupaten Ciamis Cilacap Bojonegoro Wonogiri Wonosobo Grobogan Lamongan Tuban Pandeglang Ngawi Kulon Progo Subang Sumenep Blora Rembang Lebak Gunung Kidul

Terancam Konversi 13% 12% 12% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 1% 1% 0%

AREAL IRIGASI PER-KABUPATEN DI PULAU JAWA Areal Irigasi Terancam Dikonversi

Rasio Areal Irigasi

THE OUTER ISLAND CASE -) UN-FERTILE OLD SOILS -) HOME TO 35 % OF NATIONAL POLULATION -) PRODUCES 45 % OF NATIONAL RICE ON 55 % OF NATIONAL IRRIGATION AREA -) LOW POLUATION DENSITY -) PRESSURE ON IRRIGATED RICE AND LOWLAND RICE TO BE CONVERTED FOR OIL PALM

OIL PALM CONCESSIONS INDONESIA

DRIVERS of DEFORESTATION

Why implementation of LP2B is urgent:

Preliminary results Sumatera Spatial Model SWRSS study

Land use change 2010 - 2050 Water (ha) 1%

Ponds (ha) 1% Forest (ha) 8%

Shrub (ha) 9%

Java

Total urban Plantation (ha) area (ha) 18% 18% Total irrigated paddy area (ha) 19%

Grass/Other (ha) 7% Total urban area (ha) 5%

2010

Water (ha) 3%

Forest (ha) 8%

Shrub (ha) 8%

Grass/Other (ha) 5%

Sumatera

Total irrigated paddy area (ha) 2% Agriculture (ha) 1% Grass/Other (ha) 2% Shrub (ha) 13%

Water (ha) 3%

Agriculture (ha) 17%

Total irrigated paddy area (ha) 17%

2050

Total irrigated Total urban paddy area (ha) area (ha) 2% 7% Agriculture (ha)

0%

Shrub (ha) 13% Plantation (ha) 38%

Plantation (ha) 39% Forest (ha) 35%

Ponds (ha) 0%

2050

Plantation (ha) 16% Total urban area (ha) 27%

Ponds (ha) 1%

Agriculture (ha) 19%

2010

Water (ha) 1%

Forest (ha) 35% Ponds (ha) 0%

Grass/Other (h 2%

Main changes in 40 years Land use change 2010-2050 Java Sumatera Total urban area growth 54% 65% Total irrigated paddy area loss -10% -12% Agriculture loss -12% -8% Grass/Other loss -24% -3% Shrub loss -1% -4% Forest loss 0% 0% Fish ponds / salt pan loss -27% -5% Plantation loss -12% -5%

O&M ALLOCATIONS • The KABUPATENs manage schemes < 1,000 ha (total around 3.1 Million) with average O&M allocation of US $ 10/ha/year • The PROVINCES manage schemes in size 1,000 – 3,000 ha (total around 1.5 million ha) with average O&M allocation of US 15/ha/yr • The CENTRAL manages schemes in size > 3,000 ha (around 2.4 million ha) with average O&M allocation of around US 20/ha./year • AVERAGE NEED around US 40/ha/year

Kondisi Jaringan Irigasi (Inventarisasi 2014) TOTAL LUAS DAERAH IRIGASI PERMUKAAN KEPMEN PU NO. 293/2014 7.145.174 HA Rusak Berat 1.140.962 Ha 15,97%

Rusak Sedang 1.203.313 Ha 16,84%

Rusak Ringan 950.246 Ha 13,30%

KONDISI JARINGAN IRIGASI KEWENANGAN PUSAT 2.376.521 Ha (33,26%)

KONDISI JARINGAN IRIGASI KEWENANGAN PROVINSI 1.105.475 Ha (15,47%)

Rusak Berat 116.547 Ha (4,90%)

Rusak Sedang 329.540 Ha (13,87%)

Baik 3.850.364 Ha 53,89%

Rusak Berat 225.987 Ha (20,44%)

KONDISI JARINGAN IRIGASI KEWENANGAN KABUATEN/KOTA 3,663,173 Ha (51,27%) Baik 515.093 Ha (46,59%)

Rusak Berat 798.427 Ha (21,80%)

Baik 1.500.212 Ha (40,95%)

Rusak Ringan 95.085 Ha (4,00%)

Rusak Sedang 182.575 Ha (16,52%)

Baik 1.835.349 Ha (77,23%)

KETERANGAN : WARNA

KODE

Rusak Ringan 181.820 Ha (16,45%)

Rusak Sedang 691.197 Ha (18,87%)

Rusak Ringan 673.340 Ha (18,38%)

INDIKATOR

: Kondisi Baik

Level of Service ≥90%

: Kondisi Rusak Ringan

Level of Service 80% - 90%

: Kondisi Rusak Sedang

Level of Service 60% - 79%

: Kondisi Rusak Berat

Level of Service ≤60%

* Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 32/PRT/M/2007 tentang Pedoman Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Jaringan Irigasi

Sumber: Ditjen SDA Kementerian PUPR (2014)

THE GOVERNMENT REPLY RPJMN 2015 -2020 5 Year National Development Plan 2015 - 2019

GOI PROGRAM to OVERCOME CHALLENGES IRRIGATION SECTOR (2015 – 2019) • Construction of Many new Storage dams (49) • Lay enforcement on preservation of catchments • Protection of irrigated sawahs in Spatial Plans (UU 41/2008) in first 5 year update of Spatial Plan • Nationwide Preparation of New Irrigation Maps (New ADB/IFAD Irrigation project 2016-2020) • More attention for “value-chain processes” (ADB/IFAD) • Program for develop 1 Million ha irrigation land and rehabilitate 3 million ha in period 2016-2019 • Internalisasi of PPSIP principles in RPJMD (local 5 year development budgets) of local budgets • Creation of New Function of IRRIGATION SCHEME MANAGER

STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

RKP 2015

RKP 2016

RKP 2017

RKP 2018

RKP 2019

MELANJUTKAN REFORMASI BAGI PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI YANG BERKEADILAN

MEMPERCEPAT PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR UNTUK MELETAKKAN FONDASI PEMBANGUNAN YANG BERKUALITAS

Ditentukan dalam proses penyusunan RKP 2017

Ditentukan dalam proses penyusunan RKP 2018

Ditentukan dalam proses penyusunan RKP 2019

Sasaran Pokok Pembangunan Nasional “Ketahanan Air” RPJMN 2015-2019 & RKP 2016 Visi Misi Aksi Jokowi Jusuf Kalla 2014

RPJMN 2015-2019

JANJI PRESIDENWAKIL PRESIDEN

280 program/kegiatan Sumber: Tim Transisi

51 pernyataan Sumber: Pidato Presiden dalam Website Sekretariat Presiden

KETAHANAN AIR

 1 juta ha pembangunan irigasi  3 juta ha rehabilitasi irigasi  49 waduk baru

RKP 2016

 0,3 juta ha pembangunan irigasi  0,7 juta ha rehabilitasi irigasi  29 waduk (indikasi)

CAPAIAN RPJM 2010-2014

SASARAN RPJM 2015-2019

•

Kapasitas Air Baku

51.4 M3/Detik

118.6M/Detik

•

Storage Per Kapita

62.3 M3/Kapita

78.36 M3/Kapita

•

Irigasi yang diairi waduk

11%

20%

•

Jaringan Irigasi Permukaan

7.145 Juta Ha

7.914 Juta Ha

•

Kapasitas Desain Banjir

5-25 Tahunan

10-100 Tahunan

-----THE END --THANKS for YOUR ATTENTION

EMAIL: [email protected]