DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Angkapradipta, P. 1975. Pemupukan tanaman karet. Perk. 43 : 151 - 153.
Menara
-
1976. Efek pemupukan NPK terhadap perturnbuhan tanaman muda klon GT 1 pada tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning di perkebunan Cikadu. Menara Perk. 44: 273 - 278.
, A. Hardjono, T. Warsito, dan M. S. Nurdin. 1970. Kesimpulan sementara pertjobaan pemupukan NPK tanaman karet muda di perkebunan Tjikadu (Lebak). Menara Perk. 3 9 - 1 0 2 107.
-
Anonim. 1975. Root activity patterns of some tree crops. Tech. Reps. Series. 170. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
-
Appelt, H . . N. T. Coleman, and P. F. Pratt. 1975a. Interactions between organic compounds, minerals, and ions in volcanic-ash-derived soils: I. Adsorption of benzoate, p-OH benzoate, salicylate, and phtalate ions- Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 39: 623 - 627.
-
1975b. Interactions between organic compounds, minerals, and ions in volcanic-ash-derived soils: 11. Effects of organic compounds on the adsorption of phosphate. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 39: 628 - 630. Arnon, D . I. 1953. The physiology and biochemistry of phosphorus in green plants. In: Pierre, W. H . and A - G, Norman-(Eds) 1953. soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus. Acad. Press Inc-, New York, pp 1 - 42.
.
Ayodele, 0. and A. A. Agboola. 1981. Evaluation of phosphorus fixation capacity of tropical savannah soils of Western Nigeria. Soil Sci. Soc- Am. J. 45: 462 - 464. Bache. B- W. and C - Ireland. 1980. Desorption of phosphate from soils using anion exchange resins. J. Soil Sci. 31: 297 - 306. Balai Penelitian Perkebunan Bogor dan Biro Pusat Statistik. 1981. Statistik karet 1979.
B a l l a r d , R . a n d J. G . A. F i s k e l l . 1974. Phosphorus ret e n t i o n i n c o a s t a l p l a i n f o r e s t s o i l s : I- Relationship t o s o i l properties. S o i l S c i . Soc. A m e r . P r o c . 38: 250 - 255.
-
and W. L. P r i t c h e t t . 1974. Phosphorus retention i n coastal plain forest soils: 11. S i g n i ficance t o f o r e s t f e r t i l i z a t i o n . S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. P r o c . 38: 363 - 366.
-
1975a. E v a l u a t i o n of s o i l t e s t i n g methods f o r p r e d i c t i n g growth and response of Pinus e l l i o t t i i t o phosphorus f e r t i l i z a t i o n . S o i l S c i . Soc. A m e r . P r o c . 39: 132 - 136.
.
1975b.
U t i l i z a t i o n of
s o i l and f e r t i l i z e r ~ h o s ~ h o r uc o s m ~ o u n d sby s l a s h p i n e s e e d l i n o s i n r e l a t i o n t o thei; s o l u b i i i t v i n s o i l test exEractants. s o i l S c i . SOC. A m e r . :roc. 39 : 537 - 540. B a l l a u x , 3, C. a n d D. E. P e a s l e e 1975- R e l a t i o n s h i p s between s o r p t i o n a n d d e s o r p t i o n of p h o s p h o r u s by S o i l S c i . S o c . A m e r . Proc. 39: 275 - 2 7 8 soils. B a r b e r , S. A. 1976. E f f i c i e n t f e r t i l i z e r use. In: P a t t e r s o n , ??. L., M. S t e l l y , D. M. K r o l , and L. C. Eisele ( E d s ) . 1976. Agronomic r e s e a r c h f o r f o o d . Am. Soc. Agron. Spec. B u l l . 26B a r n e s , D . E. 1963. Leaf A r c h - Rubb. C u l t . 36:
a n a l y si s i n rubber c u l t u r e . 7 1 - 85.
Barrow, N. J. 1974. E f f e c t of p r e v i o u s a d d i t i o n s o f p h o s p h a t e on p h o s p h a t e a d s o r p t i o n by s o i l s . Soil S c i . 118: 82 - 8 9 .
.
1978. The d e s c r i p t i o n o f p h o s p h a t e a d s o r p t i o n curves, J. S o i l S c i . 29: 447 - 462B i d w e l l , R . S. G. 1979. P l a n t Physiology. 2nd e d . M i l l a n Co., I n c . N e w York, pp 247 - 271. Bigham,
Mac
Golden, S - W. Buol, S. B. Weed, a n d 1978. I r o n o x i d e m i n e r a l o g y of w e l l d r a i n e d U l t i s o l s a n d O x i s o l s : 11. I n f l u e n c e o n c o l o r , s u r f a c e a r e a , and phosphate r e t e n t i o n Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 42: 825 - 830.
J. M . , D. L - H. Bowen.
C.
Biro Pusat Statistik. sia 1980/1981.
1982.
Buku saku statistik Indone-
Black, C. A. and C. A. I. Goring. 1953. Organic phosphoPierre, W. H . and A. G. Norman rus in soils. -: (Eds). 1953. Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus. Acad. Press Inc., New York, pp 123 - 152. Bolle-Jones, E. W. 1954. Nutrition of Hevea brasiliensis 11. Effect of nutrient deficiencies on growth, chlorophyll, rubber and mineral contents of Tjirandji 1 seedlings. J. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya 14: 209 - 230. Bouldin. D. R . and E. C. Sample. 1959. Laboratory and greenhouse studies with monocalcium, monoamrnonium, and diammonium phosphates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 338 - 342. Bray, R. H. and L. T - Kurtz. 1945. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci- 59 : 39 - 4 5 . Brown, G., A. C. D. Newman. J. H. Rayner, and A. H. Weir. 1978. The structures and chemistry of soil clay minerals. In: Greenland, D. J. and M. H. B. Hayes (Eds). 1978. The Chemistry of Soil Constituents. John Wiley & Sons, London, pp 29 - 178. Brown, J. C., R . B. Clark, and W - E. Jones. 1977. Efficient and inefficient use of phosphorus by sorghum. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 41: 747 - 750. Buckman. H. 0. and N. C. Brady. 1969. The Nature and Properties of Soils- 7th ed. McMillan, London, pp 432 - 457. Buurman. P . , L. Rochimah, and A. M. Sudihardjo. 1976. Soil genesis on acid tuffs in Banten (West Java, Indonesia). Proc. ATA 106 idt term Seminar. Soil Res. Inst. Bull- 3 Bogor.
- and J. Dai. 1976. Research on Podzolic soils in Central and North Lampung (Sumatra) and its bearing on agricultural development- Proc- ATA 106 Midterm Seminar. Soil Res. Inst. Bull. 3 Bogor. Cate, Jr. R. B. and L. A. Nelson.
1965. A rapid method for correlation of soil test analyses with plant response data. Int. Soil Testing. NCSU Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 1. .
Cate, Jr. R. B. and L. A. Nelson. 1971. A simple statistical procedure for partitioning! soil test correlation data into two classes. -Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc- 35: 658 - 660Chang, S. C. 1967. Application of phosphorus fractionation to the study of the chemistry of available soil phosphorus. Soil and Fertilizers in Taiwan. 1967.
.
and M. L. Jackson. 1957. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Sci. 84: 133 - 144Chan, H. Y. 1971. Soil and leaf nutrient surveys for discriminatory fertiliser use in West Malaysian rubProc- Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya Plrs' ber holdings. Conf. 1971: 201 - 213. Christensen, H. H. and A. M. Posner. 1980. he interaction of phosphate with an anion exchange resin. J. Soil Sci. 31: 447 - 455. Coleman, N. T., J. T. Thorup, and W. A. Jackson. 1960Phosphate-sorption reactions that involve exchangeSoil Sci. 90: 1 - 7. able Al. Dalal, R. C. and E. G. Hallsworth. 1976. Evaluation of the parameters of soil phosphorus availability factors in predicting yield response and phosphorus up. take. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40: 541 - 546.
-
1977. Measurement of isotopic exchangeable soil phosphorus and interrelationship among parameters of quantity, intensity, and capacity factors. Soil Sci. Soc. Am, J. 41: 81
-
86.
De Haan, I. 1950. Gebrekverschijnselen bij Hevea brasiliensis. Arch. Rubbercult. 27: 107 - 137. Devlin, R. 1975. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 353 - 371. Dijkman, M. J. 1951. Hevea. Thirty Years of Research in The Far East. Univ. Miami Press. Coral Gables, Florida, pp 17 - 42. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 1981- Kebijaksanaan serta strategi pelaksanaan pembangunan Pelita I11 perkebunan rakyat. Seminar Pembangunan Perkebunan Rakyat di Indonesia, Medan.
Dudal, R. and M. Soepraptohardjo. 1957. Soil classification in Indonesia. Pemb. Bal. Besar Penj. Pert. 148. Bogor. Earl, K. D - , J. K. Syers, and J. R. McLaughlin. 1979. Origin of the effects of citrate, tartrate, and acetate on phosphate sorption by soils and synthetic gels. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 674 - 678. Enfield, C. G., C. C. Harlin, Jr., and B. E. Bledsoe. 1976- Comparison of five kinetic models for orthophosphate reactions in mineral soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 40: 243 - 249. 1977a. Soil testing for phosphorus in Enwezor, W. 0. some Nigerian soils: 1. Comparison of methods of determining available phosphorus in soils of Southeastern Nigeria. Soil Sci. 123: 48 - 53.
.
1977b. Soil testing for phosphorus in some Nigerian soils: 2. Predicting responses to phosphate application for soils of Southeastern Nigeria. Soil Sci. 123: 111 - 116.
.
1977~. Soil testing for phosphorus in some Nigerian soils: 3. Forms of phosphorus in soils of Southeastern Nigeria and their relationship to plant available phosphorus. Soil Sci. 124: 27 - 33. Forde, St. C. M. 1976. Effects of applied N , P, and K fertilizers on the chemical composition of ear-leaf of maize (Zea mays L.) in field trials in the Eastern Caribbean. Trop. Agric. (~rinidad)53: 273 - 279. Fox, R . L., D. L. Plucknett, and A. S. Whitney. 1968. Phosphate requirements of Hawaiian Latosols and residual effects of fertilizer phosphorus. 9th Int. Cong. Soil Sci. Trans. Vol. 11: 301 - 310. Goss, D. W. and B. A. Stewart. 1979. Efficiency of phosphorus utilization by alfalfa from manure and super528. phosphate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 523
-
Grigg, J. L. 1968. Prediction of plant response to fertilisers by means of soil tests. 11. Correlations between soil phosphate tests and phosphate responses of ryegrass grown in pot experiments on recent, gley recent, and gley soils. N. 2. J. Agric. Res. 11: 345 - 358.
Guha, M. M . 1969. Recent advances in fertiliser usage for rubber in Malaya. J. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya 21: 207 - 216. Gunary, D. 1970. A new adsorption isotherm for pfbosphate in soil. J. Soil Sci. 21: 72 - 77. 1982. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk hijau dan kaHakim, N. pur pada Podzolik Merah Kuning terhadap ketersediaan fosfor dan produksi tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.1. Disertasi Doktor Fakultas Pasca Sarjana, IPB, Bogor. (Tidak diterbitkan). Hardjono, A. 1973. Penggunaan hasil analisis daun karet untuk menetapkan pemupukan. Menara Perk. 41: 51 - 54.
.
1979. Pengaruh pupuk N, P, K, dan Mg terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) GT 1 di pesemaian pada tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning di Sumatera Selatan. Tesis M. S. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana, IPB, Bogor. (Tidak diterbitkan). 1981a. Pemupukan pesemaian karet GT 1 pada tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning di Sumatera Selatan. Menara Perk. 49: 143 - 151.
.
1981b. Respons semai karet GT 1 pada tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning terhadap dosis pupuk N dan penempatan pupuk P. Menara Perk. 49: 153 - 158.
-
dan P. Angkapradipta. 1973. Pemupukan tanaman karet muda pada tanah Latosol di perkebunan Cibungur. Menara Perk. 41: 287 - 292.
.
1977. Pemupukan secara diskriminatif untuk tanaman karet di Jawa dan Sumatera Selatan. Menara Perk. 45: 111 - 120.
., S. Tonapa, G. Soepardi, dan 0. Koswara. 1981. Pengaruh pupuk N, P, K, dan Mg terhadap perturnbuhan semai karet GT 1 pada tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning di Sumatera Selatan. Menara Perk. 49: 121 - 127. Harter, R. D. and D. E. Baker. 1977. Applications and misapplications of the Langmuir equation to soil adsorption phenomena. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41: 1077 - 1080. 1971. A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis. Hesse, P. R. Chemical Publishing Co. Inc., New York, pp 255 - 300-
Hira, G . ted ing Am.
S . and N. T. Singh. 1977. Observed and predicrates of phosphorus diffusion in soils of varybulk density and water content. Soil Sci. Soc. J. 41: 537 - 540.
Holford, I. C. R. 1979. Evaluation of soil phosphate buffering indices. Aust. J. Soil R e s . 17: 495 - 504.
-
1980. Greenhouse evaluation of four phosphorus soil tests in relation to phosphate buffering and labile phosphate in soils. Soil Sci. soc. Am. 3. 44: 555 - 559. 1982. The comparative significance and utility of the Freundlich and Langmuir parameters for characterizing sorption and plant availability of phosphate in soils. Aust. J. Soil Res. 20 r 233 - 242.
and G . E . G. Mattingly. 1979. Effects of phosphate buffering on the extraction of labile phosphate by plants and by soil tests. Aust. J Soil Res. 17: 511 - 514. Ismail, I, G., Suprapto Hs, S. Arjasa, J. Sasa, S. Effendi 1978. Cropping systems research and J. L. McIntosh. in transmigration areas Southern Sumatera. Direct. Gen. Transm. and Centr. Res. Inst, Agric. Bogor. Jackson, M. L . 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. PrenticeHall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., pp 134 - 182. 1969. Soil Chemical Analysis - advanced course. 2nd ed. ~ e p t .Soil Sci. Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., pp 6 2 - 91.
Kwong, K. F. Ng K. and P. M. Huang. 1979. Surface reactivity of aluminum hydroxides precipitated in the presence of low molecular weight organic acids. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 1107 - 1113. 1971. Ageing of phosLarsen, S. and A. E. Widdowson. phate added to soil. J, Soil Sci. 22: 5 - 7.
Lehr, J. R., W - E. Brown, and E. H. Brown. 1959. Chemical behavior of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 3 - 7. Leiwakabessy, F . M., 0 . Koswara, and M. Sudjadi. 1972. Preliminary study on P fixation of major soil groups in Java. 2nd ASEAN Soil Conf. Proc. 11: 145 - 154.
Le Mare, P. H . 1981. Exchangeable phosphorus, estimates of it from amorphous iron oxides, and soil solution phosphorus, in relation to phosphorus taken up by maize. J. Soil Sci. 32: 285 - 2 9 9 Lembaga Penelitian Tanah. 1969. Prospek tanah Podsolik Merah-Kuning di Lampung pada chususnja dan di dataran 4 pulau besar pada umumnja untuk perluasan areal pertanian. Menara Perk. 38 (5/61: 7 - 16. 1971- Penuntun analisa tanah. Publ. Lem. Pen. Tanah No. 10/71. Bogor. Lindsay, W. L. 1979. Chemical Equilibria in Soils. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 162 - 209.
.
and H. F. Stephenson. 1959a. Nature of the reactions of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in soils: I. The solution that reacts with the soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 12 - 18.
-
1959b. Nature of the reactions of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in soils: 11. Dissolution and precipitation reactions involving iron, aluminum, manganese, and calcium. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 18 - 22.
-
1959~. Nature of the reactions of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in soils: IV. Repeated reactions with metastable triple-point solution. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 440 - 445.
., J. R. Lehr, and H. F. Stephenson. 1959. Nature of the reactions of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in soils: 111. Studies with metastable triple-point solution. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 342 - 345. 1975. Effects of phosphorus Lutz, J. F . and I. Haque. on some physical and chemical properties of clays. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 39: 33 - 36, Matar, A. E - and M. Sarnman. 1975. Correlation between NaHC03-extractable P and response to P fertilization in pot tests. Agron. J. 67: 616 - 618. Martens, D. C., J. A. Lutz, and G . D . Jones. 1969. Form and availability of P in selected Virginia soils as related to available P tests. Agron. J. 61: 616 - 621.
McKeague, J. A . , J. H. Day. 1966. Dithionite- and oxalate-extractable Fe and A1 as aids in differentiating various classes of soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 46: 13 - 22. McKenzie, Jr. E . , L. T. Kurtz, and S . W. Melsted. 1977. Phosphorus fertility of some tropical soils in Sierra Leone. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41: 378 - 381. Mendez, J. and E . J. Kamprath. 1978. Liming of Latosols and the effect on phosphorus response. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 42: 86 - 88. Meyer, B. S. and D. B. Anderson. 1958. Plant Physiology. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. pp 473 - 500. Muljadi, D., A. M - Posner, and J. P . Quirk. 1966a. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption by kaolinite. gibbsite, and pseudoboehmite. I. The isotherms and the effects of pH on adsorption. J. Soil Sci. 17: 212 - 229. 1966b. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption by kaolinite, gibbsite, and pseudoboehmite- 1 1 - The location of the adsorption sites. J. Soil Sci. 17: 230 - 237.
.
' 1966c. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption by kaolinite, gibbsite, and pseudoboehmite. 111. The effect of temperature on adsorption. J - Soil Sci. 17: 238 - 247.
Munns, D. N. and R . L. Fox. 1976. The slow reaction which continues after phosphate adsorption: Kinetics and equilibrium in some tropical soils. Soil Sci. Soc- Am. J. 40: 46 - 51. Nagarajah, S., A. M. Posner, and J. P . Quirk. 1968. Desorption of phosphate from kaolinite by citrate and bicarbonate Soil Sci . Soc. Amer Proc . 32: 507 - 51Q.
-
.
-
1970. Competitive adsorption of phosphate with polygalacturonate and other organic anions on kaolinite and oxide surfaces. Nature 2 2 8 : 83 - 85. Olsen, S. R - and F . S. Watanabe. 1957. A method to determine a phosphorus adsorption maximum of soils as measured by the Langmuir isotherm. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 21: 144 - 149.
Ozanne, P . G. and T . C. Shaw- 1967- Phosphate sorption by soils as a measure of the phosphate requirement for pasture growth. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18: 601 - 612 1968. Advantages of the recently developed phosphate sorption test over the older extractant methods for soil phosphate. 9th Int. Cong. Soil Sci. Trans. Vol. 11: 273 - 280. Parfitt, R. L. 1977. Phosphate adsorption on an Oxisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41: 1064 - 1067.
.
1979. The nature of the phosphate-goethite (a-FeOOH) complex formed with Ca(H2P04)2 at different surface coverage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 623 - 625.
.,
R. J. Atkinson, and R. St. C. Smart. 1975. The mechanism of phosphate fixation by iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 39: 837 - 841. Peaslee, D. E. and.J. C. Ballaux. 1977. Short-term replenishment of soil solution phosphorus. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 41: 529 - 531Poeloengan, 2. 1983. Pengaruh pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman coklat (Theobroma cacao L.) dan beberapa sifat kimia tanah Podzolik. Tesis M. S . Fakultas Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor (Tidak diterbitkan) Posner, A. M. and J. W. Bowden. 1980. Adsorption isotherms: Should they be split ? J. Soil Sci. 31: 1 - 10. Pushparajah, E. 1969. Response in growth and yield of Hevea brasiliensis to fertiliser application on Rengam Series soils. J. Rubb- Res. Inst- Malaya 21: 165 - 174.
.
and K . T. Tan. 1972. Factors influencing leaf nutrient levels in rubber. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya Plrs' Conf. Preprint 9. Rajan, S - S. S . and R. L. Fox. 1975. Phosphate adsorption by soils: 1 1 . Reactions in tropical acid soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 39: 846 - 850.
-
and J. H. Watkinson. 1976. Adsorption of selenite and phosphate on an allophane clay. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 40: 51 - 54.
Resing, W. L. 1955. Variability of Hevea latex. tasi Doktor Univ. Indonesia, Bandung.
Diser-
Robarge, W. P. and R. B. Corey. 1979. Adsorption of phosphate by hydroxy-aluminum species on a cation exchange resin. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 481 - 487 Russell, E . W . 1973. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. 10th ed. ELBS and Longrnan, London, pp 5 5 5 - 603. Ryan, J. A. and J. L. Sims. 1974. Effect of phosphate and chloride salts on microbial activity in flooded soil. Soil Sci. 118: 95 - 101Ryden, J. C., J. R. McLaughlin, and J. K. Syers. 1977. Mechanisms of phosphate sorption by soils and hydrous ferric oxide gel. J. Soil Sci. 28: 72 - 92.
.
and J. K. Syers. 1976. Calcium retention in response to phosphate sorption by soils. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 40: 845 - 846Saeed, M, and R. L. Fox. 1979- Influence of phosphate fertilization on zinc adsorption by tropical soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 43: 683 - 686. F3
Sanchez, P. A. 1976. in the Tropics. pp 223 - 294.
Properties and Management of Soils Jnhn Wiley & Sons, New York,
.
and J. G. Salinas. 1981. Low-input technology for managing Oxisols and Ultisols in tropical Advances in America. In: Brady, N. C - (Ed). 1981. Agronomy vX. 34: 279 - 406. Saunders, W. M. H. 1965. Phosphate retention by New Zealand soils and its relationship to free sesquioxides, organic matter, and other soil propertiesN. 2. J. Agric. Res. 8: 30 - 57. Sawhney, B. L - 1974. Charge characteristics of soils as affected by phosphate sorption. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 38: 159 - 160. Schenk, M. K. and S - A. Barber. 1979. Phosphate uptake by corn as affected by soil characteristics and root morphology. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 880 - 883. Setijono, S. 1982. Lime estimation of Indonesian acid mineral soils and its significance to crop production. Disertasi Doktor Fakultas Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor. (Tidak diterbitkan).
Shapiro, R. E. and M. Fried. 1959. Relative release and retentiveness of soil phosphates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 195 - 198. Sherrell, C. G . 1970. Comparison of chemical extraction methods for the determination of "available" phosphate in soils. N. Z . J. Agric. Res. 13: 481 - 493. Shorrocks, V. M. 1964. Mineral deficiencies in Hevea and associated cover plants. Rubb. Res. Inst- Malaya.
.
1965. Mineral nutrition, growth, and nutrient cycle of Hevea brasiliensis 11. Nutrient cycle and fertiliser requirements. J. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaya 19: 48 - 61. Sibbesen, E. 1981. Some new equations to describe phosphate sorption by soils. J. Soil Sci. 32: 67 - 74. Singh, B. B. and J. P. Jones. 1976, Phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics of soils as affected by organic residues. Soil Sci. Soc. Am- J 40: 389 - 394. Soepardi, G. 1977. Masalah kesuburan tanah dan cara penyelesaiannya. Dep. Ilmu-ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pert. IPB, Bogor. (Tidak diterbitkan). 1961- Klasifikasi tanah kategori Soepraptohardjo, M. tinggi. Kong. Nas. Ilmu Tanah I, Bogor. (Tidak diterbitkan)
.
Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil Taxonomy. book No. 436- pp 91 - 382.
Agric. Hand-
Soltanpour, P. N., F, Adams, and A. C. Bennett. 1974. Soil phosphorus availability as measured by displaced soil solutions, calcium-chloride extracts, dilute-acid extracts, and labile phosphorus. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 38: 225 - 228Sukandar, D . 1974. Phosphorus behavior in some soils of Indonesia and its availability to plants. M. Sc. thesis Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WisSutcliffe, J. F. and D. A. Baker. 1974. Plants and Mineral Salts. Edward Arnold Ltd., London, pp 11 - 25.
Spencer, K., D. Bouma, and D. V. Moye. 1969. Assessment of the phosphorus and sulphur status of subterranean clover pastures. 2. Soil Tests. Aust. J. Expt. Agr. Animal Husb. 9: 320 - 328. Spratt, E . D., F. G. Warder, L. D. Bailey, and D - W. L. Read. 1980. Measurement of fertilizer phosphorus residues and its utilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 1200 - 1204. Syers, J. K., M. G . Browman, G. W. Smillie, am3 R. B. Carey. 1973. Phosphate sorption by soils evaluated by the Langmuir adsorption equation. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 37: 358 - 363. Taylor, R. W. and B. G. Ellis. 1978. A mechanism of phosphate adsorption on soil and anion exchange resin surfaces. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 432 - 436. Thomas, G. W. and D. E. Peaslee, 1973. Testing soils for phosphorus. In: Walsh, L. M. and J. D. Beaton (Eds). 1973. SO= Testing and Plant Analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Inc., Madison. Wis., pp 115 - 132. Udo, E. J. and F . 0. Uzu. 1972. Characteristics of phosphorus adsorption by some Nigerian soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 36: 879 - 883. Vaidyanathan, L.V. and P. H. Nye. 1970. The measurement and mechanism of ion diffusion in soils. VI. The effect of concentration and moisture content on the counter-diffusion of soil phosphate against chloride ion. J. Soil Sci. 21: 15 - 27Varvel, G . E., F. N. Anderson, and G . A. Peterson. 1981. Soil test correlation problems with two phosphorus methods on similar soils. Agron. J. 73: 516 - 520. Vaughn, C. E. and M. B. Jones. 1980. Soil phosphorus tests on California subclover-annual grass pastures. Soil Sci. 130: 307 - 313. Veith, J. A. and G . Sposito. 1977a. On the use of the Langmuir equation in the interpretation of "adsorpSoil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41: 697 - 702.tion" phenomena. 1977b. Reactions of aluminosillicates, aluminum hydrous oxides, and aluminum oxide with o-phosphate: The formation of X-ray amorphous analogs of variscite and montebrasite. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 41: 870 - 876.
Voss, R. E., J. J. H a n w a y , and L. C . Durnenil. 1 9 7 0 . Relationship between grain yield and leaf N, P, and K concentrations for corn (Zea mays L.) and the factors that influence this relationship. Agron. J. 62: 726 - 728. Walker, W . M. and J. Pesek. 1967. Yield of Kentucky pratensis) as a function of its perbluegrass centage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Agron. J. 59: 4 4 - 47.
(w
Widjaja-Adhi, I. P. G . dan M. W. Suranta. 1978. Pemilihan dan kalibrasi uji tanah hara P untuk tanaman kentang pada Hydric Dystrandepts. Seminar Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. ( Tidak diterbitkan) Wild, A. 1950. The retention of phosphate by soil. A review. J. Soil Sci. 1: 221 - 238. Willett, I. R. 1982. Phosphorus availability in soils subjected to short periods of flooding and drying. Aust. J. Soil Res. 20: 131 - 138. Wirjodihardjo, M . W. 1953. Ilmu Tubuh Tanah. Djilid I1 Hantjuran-iklim. Noordhoff-Kolf, Djakarta, pp 123 - 129. Yost, R. S., E. J. Kamprath, E. Lobato, and G. Naderman. 1979. Phosphorus response of corn on an Oxisol as influenced by rates and placement. Soil Sci. Soc. Am- J. 435 338 - 343.
, G. C. Naderman,and E. Lobato. 1981. Residual effects of phosphorus applications on a high phosphorus adsorbing Oxisol of Central Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 455 540 - 543.
Tabel Lampiran 1.
Kedalaman
Hasil Analisis Contoh Podzolik Merah Kuning dari Reberapa Tempat di Indonesia
Tekstur pasir debu l i a t
---- ( % ) ---(em) Pagersewu (I,ampung)a 0 - 15 48 19 33 15 - 42 36 21 43 42 - 85 22 16 62 85+ 28 15 57 Sawahlunto (Sumatera ~ a r a t 0 - 10 22 39 10 - 25 21 42 25 - 45 18 38 45+ 28 33 Banjar (Kalimantan ela
39 37 44 39 at an) a
pH KC1
Hz0
5.8 6.1 6.1 6.1 ) ~
4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9
4 1 3.9 3.8 4.1
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
Larut dalam C-0r4
0 - 10 23 45 32 4 - 4 3.2 10 - 25 22 43 35 4.6 3.4 25 - 40 22 43 35 4.7 3.5 40 - 65 26 43 31 td td 65+ 22 34 44 td td Maroangin (Sulawesi Selatan)a
0 - 12 12 - 21 21 - 48 48+ Banten (Jawa 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 70 70 - 105 105 - 150 150+
81 12 65 31 40 35 31 33 ~arat)
7 4 25 36
4.2 4.3 5.0 5.0.
3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8
14 11 8 13 7 4
68 72 80 79 79 68
4.9 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0
3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8
18 17 12 8 14 28
a Lembaga Penelitian Tanah (1969) btd = tidak ditetapkan C Buurman, Rochimah, dan Sudihardjo (1976)
HC1
P
25% K
Tabel Larnpiran 2 .
NO. Tanah
1
Asal Contoh Tanah yang Digunakan untuk Percobaan Retensi dan Fiksasi P Propinsi
Perkebunan
Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Perkebunan Sembawa
Sumatera Selatan
Bayah (P. T. Wattie)
Jawa Barat
Bayah (P. T. Wattie)
Jawa Barat
Cibungur (P. T. P. XI)
Jawa Barat
Pasir Maung (P. T. P. XI)
Jawa Barat
Rajamandala (P. T -
P.
XII)
Jawa Barat
Gunung Anaga (P. T. P. XII)
Jawa Barat
Gunung Anaga (P. T. P. XII)
Jawa Barat
Gunung Anaga (P. T. P. XII)
Jawa Barat
~alirning~ir (P. T. Wattie)
Jawa Tengah
Kalirninggir (P. T. Waktie)
Jawa Tengah
Pa Bulu (Rakyat)
Kalimantan Barat
Pa Kawin (Rakyat)
Kalimantan Barat
Pa Kawin (Rakyat)
Kalimantan Barat
Kayutaman (Rakyat)
Kalimantan Barat
x z z z w w x x V 1 0 4 4 o x - n
P
I-
N
0
0
0
0
0
m . . . . . a e o m o o o 0 w w ,
x
h)
C)
IZ
3 X 3
lZ I 2 IZ Z
ge.
g
Z C) P3 : : & X W a h, C 1 P 0 9 G - J O ~ h l P
0 w
4
+ +
. . 0
0
P
0
IZ
PO
m
x lz
rl
w
x
2
h)
Tabel Lampiran 4.
No. Tanah
Beberapa Ciri Contoh Tanah yang Digunakan untuk Percobaan Retensi dan Fiksasi P
Tekstur pasir debu fiat
pH
H20
KC1
C-org
25%
HC1
P
T a b e l L a m p i r a n 5.
No. Tanah
K a d a r A 1 dan F e C o n t o h T a n a h y a n g D i g u n a k a n untuk P e r c o b a a n R e t e n s i dan F i k s a s i P Kadar
Dapat d it u k a r
Amorf
Kadar
A1
Kris-
talin
Dapat ditukar
Fe
Kris-
Amor'.
talin
Tabel Lampiran 6.
Pengaruh Kapur dan Beberapa Senyawa Organik terhadap Serapan P Semai Karet pada Tiga Taraf Dosis Pupuk P -
Bahan yang ditambahkan
Tanaman ke
Pupuk P (mg P/kg tanah) 150
----Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amoni um tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
300
450
Ratarata
(mg P / tanaman) ------
1
7.48 5.84 7.51 8.99 8.71 10.44
9.74 9.62 9.98 11.58 9.65 12.13
13.36 13.34 10.04 13.67 11.73 14.12
10.19 9.60 9.18 11.41 10.03 12.23*
2
5.70 5.52 6.02 5.80 6.09 6.13
7.11 5.77 7.49 6.80 6.78 6.94
8.68 7.46 8.72 8.08 8.29 8.90
7.16 6.25 7.42 6-89 7-05 7.32
3
4.89 3-99 4 83 4.96 4.38 5.60
5.81 3.89* 5.32 5.92 6-18 7.01
6-33 6.30 6.52 6.24 7.41 7.32
5-68 4.73 5.56 5.71 5.99 6.64
4
4-69 4.39 4.25 4.85 3.55 4.52
5.22 4.27 4.69 4.84 5.49 5.28
6.24 6.30 6.55 6.49 5.83 6.33
5.38 4.99 5.16 5.39 4.96 5.38
-
*Berbeda nyata dart kontrol pada taraf nyata 5%
Tabel Lampiran 7.
Bahan yang ditambahkan
Pengaruh Kapur dan Beberapa Senyawa Organik terhadap Serapan Mn Semai Karet pada Tiga Taraf Dosis Pupuk P
Tanaman ke
Pupuk P ( m g P/kg tanah) 150 300 450
Rata rata -
----- (mg Mn / tanaman) ----Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa ( kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
3
0.24 0.15 0.26 0.31 0.25 0.24
0.36 0.12** 0.31 0.27 0.32 0.31
0-23 0.22 0.33 0.34 0.39** 0.36*
0.28 0.16** 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.31
4
0.17 O.llR* 0.18 0.19 0.16 0.14
0.17 O.lOR* 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.18
0.19 0.14** 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19
0.18 0.12** 0.19 0.19 0-19 0.17
*Berbeda nyata dari kontrol pada taraf nyata 5% **Berbeda nyata dari kontrol pada taraf nyata 1%
Tabel Lampiran 8.
Bahan yang ditambahkan
Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Arnonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Arnonium tartrat EDTA Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
Pengaruh Kapur dan Beberapa Senyawa Organik terhadap P Tersedia (Olsen) dalam Tanah pada Tiga Taraf Dosis P
Tanaman ke
Pupuk P (mg P/kg tanah) 150 300 450
Ratarata
1
31.1 31.1 30.8 31.0 30.7 31.7
72.4 69.3 69.7 69 - 9 73.6 72-4
122.0 123.2 117-8 125.5 128.1 126.9
75.2 74.5 72.8 75.5 77.5 77.0
2
31 - 6 24.8' 35.0 31.4 31.2 32.2
74.5 €11.8~ 80.7* 72.8 74.7 75.5
127.3 111-l* 134.0* 126.4 131.8* 132.7*
77.8 65.9* 83.2** 76.9 79.3 80-2*
3
27-0 21.5** 28.3 29.3 28.7 30.3*
63.5 51.7** 62.3 69.4** 71-01) 70.1**
111.0 94.3** 110.0 117.2** 121.6** 122.4**
67.1 55.8** 66.8 72.0** 73.8** 74.3**
4
21.5 17.5** 21.6 22.3 23.5* 22 - 6
55.7 46.0** 54.8" 56.3 57.4* 57.4*
101.4 83.4** 99.6* 103.3** 102.2 102.8*
59.6 49.0** 58.7 60.6* 61.1** 60.9**
*Berbeda nyata dari kontrol pada taraf nyata 5% **Berbeda nyata dari kontrol pada taraf nyata 1%
Tabel Lampiran 9 .
Bahan yang ditambahkan
Kadar P, Al, dan Fe Air Rembasan pada Percobaan dengan Kolom Tanah Pupuk P (mg P / kg tanah) 150 300 450 P dalam air rembasan, pg P / mla
Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA A1 dalam air rembasan, p g
A1
/ mla
Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
Fe dalam air rembasan. u a Fe / mla Tanpa (kontrol) Kapur Amonium sitrat Amonium oksalat Amonium tartrat EDTA
a~ata-ratadari air rembasan yang ditarnpung selama 56 hari
Tabel Lampiran 10.
Masa inkubasi (hari)
Kadar P Tersedia folsen) dalarn Tanah dengan Perlakuan Kontrol, pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Masa Inkubasi
I0
Kedalaman tanah (cm) 20 30 40
---------
(pg P / g tanah)
Ratarata
----------
Dipupuk dengan 150 mg P / k g tanah
Dipupuk dengan 300 mg
Dipupuk dengan 450 mg
tanah
Tabel Lampiran 11.
Kadar P Tersedia (Olsen) dalam Tanah yang Diberi Kapur, pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Masa Inkubasi Kedalaman t a n a h
Masa inkubasi
10
20
30
(cm)
40
Ratarata
Dipupuk dengan
Dipupuk dengan 300 mg P / k g tanah
Dipupuk dengan 450 mg P / kg tanah
K a d a r P Tersedia (Olsen) dalarn Tanah yang Diberi Arnonium Sitrat, pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Masa Inkubasi
Tabel Lampiran 12.
Masa i nkubas i
Kedalaman tanah 10
20
(cm)
30
Dipupuk dengan 1 5 0 mg 44.1 38.4 41.8 40.9 43.5 41.8 40.6 41.2
41.7 41.7 37.1 41.7 41.1 37.7 39.4 39.4
40
Rata-
rata
tanah
32.3 41.7 39.4 41.7 41.1 41.8 40.6 40.6
Dipupuk dengan 3 0 0 mg
Dipupuk dengan 4 5 0 mg
tanah
Tabel Lampiran 13.
Kadar P Tersedia (Olsen) dalam Tanah yang Diberi Amoniurn Oksalat, pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Masa Inkubasi - -
Masa inkubasi
Kedalaman tanah 10
20
(cm)
30
Rata-
40
rata
(hari) Dipupuk dengan 150 mg P / kg tanah
Dipupuk dengan 300 mg
D ~ D U D Udenaan ~ 450 ma P / ka tanah
Tabel Lampiran 14.
Kadar P Tersedia (olsen) dalarn Tanah yang Diberi Arnoniurn Tartrat, pada Berbagai Kedalaman d a n Masa Inkubasi
Masa inkubasi
Kedalaman tanah 10
20
(cm)
30
40
Ratara ta
Dipupuk dengan 150 rng
Dipupuk dengan 300 rng
Dipupuk dengan 450 mg P / kg tanah
146 Tabel Lampiran 15.
Kadar P Tersedia (Olsen) dalam Tanah yang Diberi EDTA, pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Masa Inkubasi
Masa inkubasi
Kedalaman tanah (cm) 10
20
30
40
Ratarata
Dipupuk dengan 150 mg P / kg tanah
Dipupuk dengan 300 mg
tanah
Dipupuk dengan 450 mg P / kg tanah
