Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita II.2
Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.2
English and American Life and Institutions Kapitola 20 Life in the USA (part 3) Ing. Martin Fišer
15.12.2012
Obsah ÚVOD - ANOTACE ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1
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LIFE IN THE USA (PART 3) ....................................................... CHYBA! ZÁLOŽKA NENÍ DEFINOVÁNA.2 1.1
WORK .............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2
AMERICAN NIGHTLIFE .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.3
USEFUL VOCABULARY (LIFE) .................................................................................................................. 7
POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE ...................................................................................................... 8
Úvod - anotace Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 2345-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání). Materiál lze rovněž v nezměněné podobě využít při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů – indidualizaci výuky. V 1. a 2. ročnících čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou a ve všech ročnících oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou lze využít ty části výukového materiálu zaměřené na rozšíření a procvičení slovní zásoby. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Témata výukového materiálu korespondují s obsahovou náplní a zaměřením běžně používaných učebnic pro výuku anglického jazyka na středních školách. Výukový materiál je koncipován jako ucelený soubor a lze je tudíž ve výuce i při následném samostudiu používat odděleně. Před použitím výukového materiálu se doporučuje vytisknout jej tak, aby každý žák měl svůj vlastní, jelikož je možno do něj přímo zapisovat a plnit předepsané úkoly. Kapitola zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí, jazykových dovedností nebo slovní zásoby. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž stručný tématický slovníček usnadňující orientaci.
Vypracoval – Ing. Martin Fišer
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Life in the USA (part 3)
1.1
Work
People in the U.S. have a wide variety of jobs, and work culture and office environment may vary across different industries and different parts of the country. The average American is an office worker and it is common that in his/her office he/she has to observe some highgly acceptable rules. Informality Address your boss, supervisor, manager, director, or even the president of the company with his/her first name. Do not call them "boss" or "sir." (You address strangers as "sir," to people like police officers.) Regardless of how you address a person, you must respect the work relationship you have with your superiors. Meetings Meetings are common at most businesses. These meetings may not necessarily be for making big decisions. Many meetings are boring and you might even think that most of your time is spent in meetings rather than doing your actual work. These meetings, however, are an important part of your job. You should be a good listener in meetings and should not interrupt the speaker. You will be given your chance to speak. If you don't understand something, ask for clarification. If your answer is "yes," clearly say "yes." If your answer is "no," clearly say "no." Nodding your head from one side to the other and/or up and down is very confusing. Work Hours Most people come to work early and leave on time. If you are in the IT field, in many places, it may not matter when you come and when you leave. However, you are expected to be present when you are needed for meetings or other teamwork. As a full-time employee, you are required to work at least 40 hours per week. You are generally not expected to work during the weekends. Depending upon the company and the project, you may have to work long hours and weekends, and sometimes you may not even be paid for the extra hours. Most high tech jobs are task oriented. Therefore, you are measured by variables that include whether you got your job done in time, how well you did, etc., not based on how many hours you worked. Communications Remember that your time during work hours is owned by the company. Therefore, make complete use of that time to do the work you are getting paid for. Never use the company phone, fax, or internet for personal work. Keep your cell phone off or in vibration mode. If you need to speak about personal matters while at work, keep the discussion short and speak
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quietly. Don't spend too much time surfing the internet for matters not relevant to work. Many companies have software that track your activity page by page. Personal friendships may develop between colleagues. However, personal relationships between people of different levels are not common. People generally don't reveal their home address or home phone number. You should not call your boss on the weekend unless it is urgent. Dress Codes Dress codes may vary widely. You wear formal clothes that, but not too formal. Social Life at Work Many companies have social events like Christmas parties, New Year's parties, company picnics, 3-4 days of meetings in a vacation spot like Florida or Las Vegas, ice cream socials, boss's birthdays, or someone's departure. For some events, like birthdays or farewell parties, everyone contributes to buy gifts for the particular person. It is recommended that you participate in such events. Miscellaneous If you are not sure about something at your work, don't bluff. Admit it honestly. Don't pretend to know everything. Sooner or later, people will figure it out. If your colleague needs help, please help him/her to the best of your knowledge and ability. On the other hand, if you need help from your colleague, don't be shy or afraid to ask for help.
1.2
American Nightlife
Gambling In general, gambling is legal only in Las Vegas (NV), Reno (NV), and Atlantic City (NJ). However, several gambling locations also exist on American Indian reservations. Gambling in an uncertified location is illegal. Most casinos are huge in size. Each casino has a different theme. Even if you have absolutely no interest in gambling, it is still worthwhile to visit the casinos. Many casinos are like grand palaces. It is easiest to play slot machines in the casino. Dance Clubs There are many dance clubs in urban areas throughout the United States. Most dance clubs have darkened dance floors and loud music. Music played there may vary between hip hop, salsa, pop, or rock. Some dance clubs may have multiple floors and different types of music may be played in different areas. Most dance clubs have a cover charge (or entrance fee). There may be a VIP entrance available in order to avoid the long lines. Some dance clubs may stamp your hand with invisible (visible with infrared light) ink for reentry. 3
Most dance clubs have a dress code, i.e., you must wear shoes, a shirt (no t-shirts), and pants (no jeans) to be allowed inside. In the USA there are also very popular gentleman's clubs or strip clubs. No sexual acts areperformed, however. For example, Virginia has very few strip clubs. Washington, DC , has strip clubs that allow you to watch dancers strip on the stage with no touching allowed. On the other hand, Baltimore, MD, allows lap dances. The standard charge for a lap dance is $20. You are completely clothed while the dancer strips his or her clothes. Strip clubs in places like Las Vegas are much bigger, much grander, much more crowded, and have a higher quality of dancers. Bars Bars is the American word for British pub. Social drinking is usually done in bars in the U.S. There are many different types of bars: sports, piano, singles, music, hotel lounge, business, gay/lesbian and many others. In most bars you can drink and have a meal, too. You will almost always be given great service and provided with quality food and drinks. When you visit a bar, you are waited on at your table. You can either pay after each round or "run a tab," which you "pick up" when you leave. Americans usually buy their own drinks when in groups. You should tip your servers well, as they are usually paid very little, even less than the minimum federal wage. Most have a salary of $2.13/hour. Liquor Laws Liquor laws are not federal. They vary from state to state and sometimes even county to county. However, there is one common rule across the nation: you must be at least 21 years of age to drink alcohol (in some states you can only light beer when you are 18 or 19). You will be asked for a photo ID before you will be allowed in a bar where alcohol is served. There are varied rules regarding liquor across the country, e.g., you can stand while drinking, you can't buy liquor on Sunday, etc. In some states like Virginia, hard liquor (such as whiskey) is sold only by state shops. Some counties only allow the sale of beer. Some states allow beer and liquor sales seven days a week, but only until midnight. Some counties in Mississippi and Texas are dry (no liquor available legally). Nevada has the most liberal liquor laws; Las Vegas is in Nevada. In some states, offering a drink to anyone under the age of 21 is not allowed anywhere, even in a private house or dinner party. Some states don't allow alcohol advertising but allow the sale. Drinking in public places is prohibited almost everywhere. Drunken behavior is socially unacceptable. Smoking Laws Most American bars still allow smoking in the bar and restaurant areas. Some allow cigars and cigarettes after 10 p.m. There are some counties and states that have banned smoking in all public bars and restaurants (e.g. California, New York, Florida). Drinking and Driving In all states, drinking and driving is not tolerated. You can spend three days in jail and lose your driving privileges for 6 months or more for a first-time offense. 4
Beer Most American brands of beer are lighter and have lower alcohol content than in other countries. A good American bar, however, will serve these lighter beers as well as European brands of beer and other imported beers such as Guinness. The most popular American beers served in bars are Miller Lite, Budweiser, Bud Light, and Coors Light. Most American beers are pasteurized draught lager and brewed from maize or rice, not from barley. Low-alcohol beers are also called three-two beer; they contain 3.2% alcohol. Cocktails If you are looking for a quiet chat over a drink, you could try a cocktail lounge during lunch or after work. Drinks like gin and tonic, rum and coke, or whisky and soda are collectively referred to as "highballs." A cocktail is essentially a mix of several beverages. The most popular cocktails include margarita, martini, bloody mary, screwdriver, pina colada, and black russian. Whiskey American whiskey is sweeter, fuller-bodied, and less expensive than Scotch whisky. Of course, you can get Scotch and other European whiskey in most American bars. The most popular American whiskey is "bourbon" whiskey. It is made primarily from corn. "On the rocks" means that your drink is served with ice. "Straight up" means that your drink contains no ice. Happy Hour Many bars have what is called a "happy hour." Happy hours are usually in the late afternoon, such as 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Drinks are usually discounted from their regular prices at this time. At some places, there may be free "munchy" food available with the drinks during happy hour. Tipping in America Ideally, tips are given to a person who performs good service. Of course, the tip is in addition to the bill. Generally, a tip may vary between 15% to 20%. In restaurants waiters get paid much less than the minimum federal wage, often $2.13/hour. That is because they are expected to get tips from the customers. In some places, when you receive the bill, the tip may be included automatically. 1 2
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http://lifeintheusa.com/
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Working and Living USA
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TASK 1 – Answer the questions about the USA and Americans by clicking on the answe (only one answer is correct) 1. What does it mean „happy hour“ at bars. free drink
cheaper drink
free food
last order
2. Smoking in public places in USA is prohibited_____________. everywhere
after 10 PM
in some states
in NYC
3. Gambling in the USA is allowed______________. everywhere
in a few places
in Las Vegas
nowhere
4. People in the office usually wear _____________clothes. casual
formal
informal
very formal
5. Your superordinate co-worker you call____________. first name
boss
sir
differently
6. If you are under 21 you can drink alcohol______________. nowhere
at home only
in the bag only
under control
7. It is ____________to make a privat phohe call at work. banned
normal
rare
not acceptable
8. You should give a tip to the waiter because ____________. he is not well paid
it is polite
he is not paid
he helps you
corn
potatoes
9. American whiskey is made of____________. barley
rice
10. It is ____________to give your fellow worker your home address or home phone number. normal
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not common
not allowed
not acceptable
1.3
Useful vocabulary (Life) adoption - adopce, osvojení
alimony - výživné (alimenty)
ancestor - předek
appear - vypadat, zdát se appearance
bachelor - svobodný mládenec
behave - chovat se, chovat se slušně
behaviour - chování druhu)
birth control/contraceptive
bride/(bride)groom - nevěsta/ženich
bridesmaid - družička
childless - bezdětný
communal family - rodinná komunita
descendant - potomek
divorce - rozvod; rozvést se
dowry - věno
engagement - zasnoubení
extended family - rodina včetně vzdálenějších příbuzných
funeral - pohřeb
generation gap - generační propast
get/be engaged to - být zasnouben s/zasnoubit se s
give birth to - porodit
honeymoon - svatební cesta
household - domácnost
illegitimate - nemanželský
in-laws - příbuzní ze strany manžela/manželky
independence - nezávislost
(in)fidelity - (ne)věrnost
lifestyle - životní styl
marriage - manželství
marry sb/get married to sb - oženit se s, vdát se za koho
mistress - milenka
mortality - úmrtnost; smrtelnost
newly married couple („just married") - novomanželé
nuclear family - základní rodinná jednotka (dva rodiče a dítě)
orphan - sirotek
pregnancy - těhotenství
pregnant - těhotná
prenuptial agreement - předmanželská smlouva
prohibition - zákaz
relative - příbuzný
responsibility for - odpovědnost za
retirement home - domov důchodců
sibling - sourozenec
single - svobodný/svobodná, nezadaný/nezadaná
single-parent family - neúplná rodina
son-in-law - zet'
spouse - partner (manžel/manželka)
subordinate - podřízený
- antikoncepce (libovolného
step-mother/father/child/family - nevlastní matka/otec/dítě/rodina twin (triplet) - dvojče (trojče)
virgin - panic/panna
wedding - svatba
widow/widower - vdova/vdovec
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Použitá literatura a zdroje Life in the USA. [citace 26.11.2012]. Dostupné z http://www.life-in-us.info Rhatigan, R. Williams, Ch., WORKING AND LIVING USA. Cadogan Guides; 1st edition, 2006. ISBN-13: 978-1860111976
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