Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2
Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1
Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 1 New York City Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová
30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD
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1 NEW YORK ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1
HISTORY ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2
BOROUGHS .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3
SKYSCRAPERS .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY ............................................................................................................... 4
2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA ......................................................................................................................... 6 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE .................................................................................................................. 7
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál se zabývá největším městem USA New Yorkem, jeho historií a zajímavostmi. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž test.
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1 New York 1.1 History The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted, fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century. Among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian who sailed up and down the Atlantic coast in search of a route to Asia, but none settled there until 1624. That year, the Dutch West India Company sent some 30 families to live and work in a tiny settlement on “Nutten Island” (today’s Governors Island) that they called New Amsterdam. In 1626, the settlement’s governor general, Peter Minuit, purchased the much larger Manhattan Island from the natives for 60 guilders in trade goods such as tools, farming equipment, cloth and wampum (shell beads). Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to Manhattan. In 1664, the British seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch and gave it a new name: New York City. For the next century, the population of New York City grew larger. It included immigrants from the Netherlands, England, France and Germany. New York City served as the capital of the United States from 1785 to 1790.
1.2 Boroughs New York is the largest city in the USA and i tis the largest seaport. It has about 8 million inhabitants. New York is situated at the mouth of the Hudson river on three islands: Manhattan Island, Staten Island and Long Island. The city is made up of five boroughs: the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn with Coney Island, Staten Island – the beginning of New York Harbour, and Manhattan. Brooklyn and Staten Island are connected by the Verrazano Bridge.
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The center of the city is situated on Manhattan which is surrounded by the Hudson River, the Harlem River, and the East river. Manhattan is connected with other part sof the city by four tunnels and seventeen bridges. The most famous bridges are Brooklyn Bridge, Verrazzano Bridge and Manhattan Bridge. The plan of Manhattan is very simple. Streets which run from the north to the south are called the avenues and from the west to east are called the streets. The only exception to this plan is Broadway. Originally it was an Indian road. The streets and avenue are numbered, only some of them have names. The best known street is the Wall street. Originally a wall against the Indians was bulit here. Nowadays it is the financial center with the most famous Stock Exchange in the world. Broadway is the center of cultural life and many theatres. The most famous shopping street is the Fifth Avenue with many boutiques. Another interesting place is the Central Park. Originally it was a rocky place and it took sixteen years to transform it into a beautiful park. Here people can have a rest. They can walk, run, skate or ski, listen to concerts far from the noise of the city. There are several playgrounds, two lakes, tenis courts, ZOO, and many restaurants in the park. Not far from the Central Park is Rockefeller Center and Lincoln Center with famous Metropolitan Opera House.
1.3 Skyscrapers New York is famous for its skyscrapers. The oldest of them is the Empire State Building. The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan. It has a roof height of 381 meters, and with its antenna spire included, it stands a total of 443.2 m high. Its name is derived from the nickname for New York, the Empire State. It stood as the world's tallest building for 40 years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center's North Tower was completed in 1972. It is designed in the Art Deco style and has been named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Empire State Building was designed by William F. LambThe building has 85 stories of commercial and office space. It has an indoor and outdoor observation deck on the 86th floor. The remaining 16 stories represent the Art Deco tower, which is capped by a 102nd-floor observatory.
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1.4 The Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi, in collaboration with the French engineer Gustave Eiffel, who was responsible for its frame. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a 4
gift to the United States from the people of France, is a female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tablet evoking the law upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.
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2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina – maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-8086873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 8085784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theEnglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-807240-683-8.
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3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina – maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-8086873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 8085784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theEnglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-807240-683-8.
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