Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2
Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1
Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 1 The United Kingdom - geography Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová
30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD
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1 THE UNITED KINGDOM – GEOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 2 1.1
SURFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2
RIVERS AND LAKES........................................................................................................................... 3
1.3
CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4
PARTS OF THE UK ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.5
FEEDBACK ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA ......................................................................................................................... 5 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE .................................................................................................................. 6
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál popisuje geografii Spojeného království, podenebí a jednotlivé části. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž kontrolní cvičení.
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1 The United Kingdom – geography
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands, e.g. the Isle of Man, the Scilly Islands, the Channel Islands, the Hebridies, the Orkneys, and the Shetlands. The Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 243,610 square kilometres. Great Britain is divided from Europe by the English Channel and the narrowest place is the Strait of Dover. The United Kingdom is washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean.
1.1 Surface The surface of Great Britain can be divided into two main regions: Lowland Britain in the south and Highland Britain in the north. The main mountain regions are: the Cambrian Mountains in Wales (the highest peak is Snowdon), the Cumbrian Mountains (the highest point is Scafell Pike ) in the Lake District, and the Pennines which are called the Backbone of England. On the border between England and Scotland there are the Cheviot Hills.
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However the highest mountains can be found in Scotland. The highest peak of the Scottish Highlands is Ben Nevis. It is 1343m high.
1.2 Rivers and lakes Rivers in the UK are not very long, but they are deep. Some very important ports are situated on them: London on the Thames, Liverpool on the Mersey, Glasgow on the Clyde, Belfast on the River Lagan. There is also the network of canals in Britain. They were very important for inland traffic in the 19th century. The longest river in the UK is the Severn. It rises in Wales. The Thames, which flows through London, is the second longest. Next important rivers are the Clyde and the Tweed in Scotland. Loch Ness in Scotland is the largest lake by volume. It is also famous due to the legends about the monster living in the lake. The largest lake by area is Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland. The most visited lake area in England is the Lake District, which is also a national park.
1.3 Climate The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −11 °C (12 °F) or rising above 35 °C (95 °F). Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground. Summers are warmest in the south-east of England, being closest to the European mainland, and coolest in the north.
1.4 Parts of the UK
England makes up the southern part of Great Britain. Nearly 84% of the population of the UK lives in England. England is only 35 km away from France, linked by a tunnel under the English Channel. The patron saint of England is St George.
Scotland is a mountainous country in the north of Great Britain, famous for its freshwater lochs (lakes). The largest one is Loch Lomond, which is 40 km long.
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Wales (Cymru in Welsh) is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. Wales has not been politically independent since 1282, when it was conquered by English King Edward I. It is a principality, ruled by a prince. Traditionally, the title of the Prince of Wales is given to the oldest son of the reigning English monarch.
Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland. In 1801, the whole of Ireland was incorporated into the United Kingdom. After years of civil war, Ireland became a republic in 1921. At this time, Britain negotiated with Ireland to keep the six counties in the northeast of Ireland. These six counties now make up what is known as Northern Ireland.
1.5 Feedback
Official name :
Capital:
Major ranges:
Major rivers:
Major lakes:
Climate:
Flags:
Prepare a short presentation about geography of the UK
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2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina – maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-8086873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 8085784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theEnglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-807240-683-8.
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3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina – maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-8086873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 8085784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theEnglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-807240-683-8.
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