I.)
Ke + adjective +
usually forms abstract nouns:
-t
1
Adiective~
Abstract
Noun
~eani'ng
1. baik
kebaikan
2. bersih
kebersihan
cleanliness
3. besar
kebesaran
grandeur
4. bodoh
kebodohan
stupidity
5. cepat
kecepatan
speed, velocity
6. cantik
kecantikan
7. pandai
kepandaian
.
kindness
1 . ..
.-
8. rugi
'@ (M
beauty, prettiness '
smartness, intelligence
kerugian
loss
9. sehat
kesehatan
health
I0.ceroboh
kecerobohan
sloppiness,carelessness
T-
11.) & + some verbs+ a n c a n form abstract nouns also.
,
(
' ,I *
Yerb
abstract
I. duduk
kedudukan
. 2. datang
kedatangan
3. hidup
kehidupan
life
4. suka
kesukaan
favorite
5. rnau
kemauan
will
noun
meaning position arrival / coming
(power)
3
~ 7
'? !
-
-
6.
ingin
wish, desire
keinginan
T 7
berangkat
keberangkatan
departure
WW (n) o k p ~ ? ~ v ~
8
.pergi
kepergian
9.
pulang
kepulangan
10.
mati
kematian
11. percaya
kepercayaan
12. butuh
kebutuhan
1
death
--1s-1
belief, faith need,necessity
,.. .
l l I ) - ~ e+ certain nouns + an form abstract nouns, implung a quality connected with the nouns or things pertaining to the rooi noun. e.q.
m!al
Abstract Noun
Meaninq
1.Manusia
kehanusiaan
2 Pariwisata
kepariwisataan
tourism
3 warga negara
kewarga-negaraan
citizenship
4. anggota
keanggotaan
membership
kepemimpinan
leadership
kemasyarakatan
having to do with society
6. masyarakat
humanity
,
7.seni
kesenian
the arts
8 agama
keagamaan
things pertaining to religion
9. uang
keuangan
tinance
10.penduduk
kependudukan
things pertaining , to p~pulation
,
IV) =+ t\iouns (which refer to ranks 01' oftice) + arefers to domain ruled over by a person 0: that rank1 or the place where the person has his office. 1
E.g. 1. Duta
Kedutaan
2. Raja
Kerajaan
Kingdom
3. Bupati
K-ebupatian/Kabupaten r.
Regency
'
Embassy
.
c3p.per
5. Lurah
-
.
~ ( W Yf S kk
+'/f
4. Carnat
Kecamatan .
...
Kelurahari
District Sub-district
6. Presiden
Kepresidenan
Presidency
7.Gubemur
Kegubunuran
Governorship Governor's Residence
Kementerian
Ministry (Now changed
into Department)
Other high frquency. noucs with
.
1. banyak
6
1
kebanyakan
the majority
keturunan
descendant
3. lanjut
kelanjutan
continuation
4. pulau
kepulauan
archipellay o
2 . t u r u n C ~ ~ t - ;C )
'
h - ~ .
W
~
-
5. putus L C ( ~
keputusan
decision
6. betul
kebetulan
by chance/ coinqidence
7. lbijaksana d i s c
kebijaksanaan
policy
kelakuan
behaviorlconduct
9. kurang
kekurangan
lack
I0.berhasil
keberhasilan
success
keadilan
Justice
8. laku
-
w'"'
k k a r - fo &
11. adil ,
+
r
&'I
?
-
..
r
12.rnakmur
m-1fV
kemakmuran
13.maju
fxit~ms
kemajuan
progress ,advance development
kemunduran
decline,decrezse
kemantapan
steadiness, stability
;d
14.mundur
t o y bqt
-3"s
-. . prosperity
'-
15.rnantap
*te
se\;,ble V. A few common words using negative forms:
Ke ' tidak adjective' + anconnote
the
I. tidak adil
ketidak-.adilan
2 tidak berhasil
ketidak-berhasilan
failure
3. tidak sempuma
ketidak-sempurnaan
impe~fection
4. tidak mampu
ketidak-mampuan
inability
5
salah faham
kesalah-fahaman
6.
tidak hadir
ketidak hadiran
misunderstanding absence
.
7
unfairness
C
*
7. tidak mau
ketidak-mauan
8. tidak senang
ketidak-senangan
unhappiness
kekurang ajaran
rudeness
9.
kurang ajar
unwillingness
-
P
?
-
e
6
td~d ;
10 tidak tahu
ketidak-tahuan
- 3
If. tidak seimbang
ketidak-seimbangan
imbalpnce
12 salat~mengerti
kesalah-mengertian
misunderstanding
I
~oCa&ce_
E.a. siang
kesiangan
sore
kesorean
l
be late ( overtaken by noon) to late
too late in the after-
noon) malam
kemalaman
overtaken by night
-
There are two words with "Ke anMi.e. "Kelihatan' and "kedenaaran" which have the same meanings as "terdenoar" and aterlihatu 'can be seen "and 'can b e heard' or 'visible' and "audible'.
anforms a verb which bears the meaning to have ' so and The affix kso* happen to somebody i.e. the subject is adversely affected by " so and so". We can also bill this structure as " accidental passive" 1) E.cr, 1.
habis
kehabisan
running out of,depletion
2.
mati
kematian
death
. 3.
hilang
kehilangan
suffer from a loss
4.
hujan
kehujanan
get caught in the rain
5.
tinggal
ketinggalan
be left behind
6.
banjir
kebanjiran
flooded
7.
tidur
ketiduran
overslept
'
1 p
P
,
/ a
4
.
8.
lapar
kelaparan
hunger
9.
haus
kehausan
be thirsty
10.
kering
kekeringan
dryness, drought
II.
sakit
kesakitan
be ill; in pain.
12.
takut
ketakutan
fear; anxiety
13.
jatuh
kejatuhan
fall;
14.
masuk
kemasukan
possessed
kecurian
experience a theft be stolen - from
downfall
16.
rampok
kerampokan
looted,been robbed
17.
copet
kecopetan
be a victim of pick-pocketing
18.
dingin
kedinginan
to suffer from cold
19.
panas
kepanasan
to suffer from heat
4
.t
4 t ~ c ,~ r
20.
tahu
kef64d4d ketahuan
21.
dapat
kedapatan
be found,
22. bakar f14ne
kebakaran
fire;
23.
pedas 5riLy
kepedasan
to suffer from spicy food
24.
bingung d e t !
kebingungan
confussion; panic
25.
capai
kecapaian
weariness; fatigue
SLY.
C
be found out; detected
*
11) The affix kan is added to times of the day to form verbs which mean ' be affected by ' so and so'
-
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