DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ............................................................. iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... iv SARI....................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... viii PRAKATA ...............................................................................................................x DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ xiii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xviii DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................xx DAFTAR BAGAN .............................................................................................. xxi DAFTAR GRAFIK ............................................................................................. xxii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xxiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1 1.1
Latar Belakang .........................................................................................1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................4
1.3
Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................................4
1.4
Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................5
1.5
Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................................6
1.6
Manfaat penelitian ....................................................................................6
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORETIS ..............................8 2.1
Kajian Pustaka .......................................................................................... 8
2.2
Landasan Teoretis ...................................................................................24
2.2.1
Hakikat Menulis ......................................................................................25
2.2.1.1
Pengertian Menulis .................................................................................25
2.2.1.2
Tujuan Menulis .......................................................................................26
2.2.1.3
Manfaat Menulis .....................................................................................30
2.2.1.4
Jenis-Jenis Menulis .................................................................................32
2.2.1.5
Tahap-tahap Proses Menulis ...................................................................33
2.2.2
Teks Berita ..............................................................................................34
2.2.2.1
Pengertian Teks Berita ............................................................................34
2.2.2.2
Unsur-Unsur Berita .................................................................................35
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2.2.2.3
Anatomi Berita ........................................................................................37
2.2.2.4
Proses Menulis Teks Berita.....................................................................39
2.2.2.5
Jenis-Jenis Berita.....................................................................................39
2.2.2.6
Teknik Menulis Berita ............................................................................42
2.2.3
Model Pembelajaran ...............................................................................43
2.2.3.1
Pengertian Model Pembelajaran .............................................................43
2.2.3.2
Model Examples Non Examples ..................................................................... 44
2.2.4
Media Pembelajaran ................................................................................48
2.2.4.1
Pengertian Media Pembelajaran..............................................................48
2.2.4.2
Manfaat Media Pembelajaran ................................................................49
2.2.4.3
Jenis-Jenis Media Pembelajaran .............................................................51
2.2.5
Media Foto ..............................................................................................52
2.2.5.1
Pengertian Media Foto ............................................................................52
2.2.5.2
Media Kartu Foto ...................................................................................53
2.2.5.3
Langkah-Langkah Penggunaan Media Kartu Foto ..........................................54
2.3
Kerangka Berpikir ...................................................................................54
2.4
Hipotesis ..................................................................................................57
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................58 3.1
Desain Penelitian.................................................................................... 58
3.1.1
Proses Tindakan pada Prasiklus ..............................................................60
3.1.1.1
Perencanaan ............................................................................................60
3.1.1.3
Refleksi ...................................................................................................63
3.1.2
Proses Tindakan pada Siklus I ................................................................63
3.1.2.1
Perencanaan ............................................................................................64
3.1.2.2
Pelaksanaan Tindakan .............................................................................64
3.1.2.3
Observasi .................................................................................................67
3.1.2.4
Refleksi ...................................................................................................68
3.1.3
Proses Tindakan pada Siklus II ...............................................................68
3.1.3.1
Perencanaan ............................................................................................68
3.1.3.2
Pelaksanaan Tindakan .............................................................................69
3.1.3.3
Observasi .................................................................................................71
3.1.3.4
Refleksi ...................................................................................................72
3.2
Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................72
3.3
Subjek Penelitian.....................................................................................72
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3.4
Variabel Penelitian ..................................................................................73
3.4.1
Variabel Bebas ........................................................................................73
3.4.2
Variabel Terikat ......................................................................................73
3.5
Instrumen Penelitian ...............................................................................73
3.5.1
Instrumen Tes ..........................................................................................74
3.5.2
Instrumen Nontes ....................................................................................77
3.5.2.1
Observasi .................................................................................................78
3.5.2.2
Jurnal .......................................................................................................78
3.5.2.3
Wawancara ..............................................................................................79
3.5.2.4
Angket Kinerja Guru ...............................................................................80
3.5.2.5
Dokumentasi ...........................................................................................80
3.6
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................... 80
3.6.1
Teknik Tes...............................................................................................81
3.6.2
Teknik Nontes .........................................................................................81
3.6.2.1
Observasi .................................................................................................82
3.6.2.2
Jurnal .......................................................................................................82
3.6.2.3
Wawancara ..............................................................................................83
3.6.2.4
Angket Kinerja Guru ...............................................................................84
3.6.2.5
Dokumentasi Video dan Foto .................................................................85
3.7
Teknik Analisa Data................................................................................86
3.7.1
Teknik Kuantitatif ...................................................................................86
3.7.2
Teknik Kualitatif .....................................................................................88
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................89 4.1
Hasil Penelitian Tes Belajar Siswa Menu;is Teks Berita ........................89
4.1.1
Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Prasiklus ................................................90
4.1.1.1
Hasil Tes Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Prasiklus .........................90
4.1.1.1.1 Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA ...................................93 4.1.1.1.2 Aspek Penggunaan Judul ........................................................................94 4.1.1.1.3 Aspek Ketepatan Kata .............................................................................95 4.1.1.1.4 Aspek Ketepatan Kalimat .......................................................................96 4.1.1.1.5 Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis ....................................................................96 4.1.2
Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I ..................................................97
4.1.2.1
Hasil Tes Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I ............................98
4.1.2.1.1 Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA .................................100
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4.1.2.1.2 Aspek Penggunaan Judul Berita ...........................................................101 4.1.2.1.3 Aspek Ketepatan Kata ...........................................................................101 4.1.2.1.4 Aspek Ketepatan Kalimat .....................................................................102 4.1.2.1.5 Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis ..................................................................103 4.1.3
Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II .........................................................104
4.1.3.1
Hasil Tes Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II ........................104
4.1.3.1.1 Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA .................................106 4.1.3.1.2 Aspek Penggunaan Judul Berita ...........................................................107 4.1.3.1.3 Aspek Ketepatan Kata ...........................................................................108 4.1.3.1.4 Aspek Ketepatan Kalimat .....................................................................109 4.1.3.1.5 Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis ..................................................................110 4.2
Peningkatan Hasil Nontes Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Berita .............111
4.2.1
Hasil Nontes Siklus I.............................................................................111
4.2.1.1
Hasil Observasi Siklus I ........................................................................111
4.2.1.2
Hasil Jurnal Siklus I ..............................................................................114
4.2.1.3
Hasil Wawancara Siklus I .....................................................................119
4.2.1.4
Hasil Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus I ......................................................121
4.2.1.5
Hasil Dokumentasi Siklus I..................................................................122
4.2.2
Hasil Nontes Siklus II ...........................................................................126
4.2.2.1
Hasil Observasi Siklus II.......................................................................125
4.2.2.2
Hasil Jurnal Siklus II .............................................................................125
4.2.2.3
Hasil Wawancara Siklus II ....................................................................128
4.2.2.4
Hasil Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus II .....................................................132
4.2.2.5
Hasil Dokumentasi Video dan Foto Siklus II .......................................134
4.3
Pembahasan...........................................................................................138
4.3.1 Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Berita Melalui Model Examples Non Examples dengan Media Kartu Foto ...........................................138 4.3.2
Peningkatan Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita .........................................143
4.3.3 Perubahan Perilaku Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Ibrohimiyyah Brumbung Mranggen Demak .................................................................................................148 4.3.3.1
Peningkatan Hasil Observasi ................................................................148
4.3.3.2
Peningkatan Hasil Jurnal.......................................................................150
4.3.3.3
Peningkatan Hasil Wawancara..............................................................154
4.3.3.4
Peningkatan Hasil Dokumentasi Video dan Foto .................................155
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4.3.4 Peningkatan Hasil Angket Kinerja Guru…………………………………………………………………………..…161 BAB V PENUTUP...............................................................................................163 5.1
Simpulan ...............................................................................................163
5.2
Saran......................................................................................................166
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................167 LAMPIRAN…………………………………………………………………… 170
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1. Pedoman Penilaian….……………………………………………… 75 Tabel 3.2. Kriteria Penilaian Menulis Teks Berita……………………….……. 75 Tabel 3.3. Penilaian Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita………………....……. 77 Tabel 4.1. Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Prasiklus………………………….... 91 Tabel 4.2. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA.… 93 Tabel 4.3. Hasil Penilaian Penggunaan Judul Berita…….…………………….. 94 Tabel 4.4. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepatan Kata……….…………………...... 95 Tabel 4.5. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepata Kalimat……….…………………... 96 Tabel 4.6. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis……….……………….. 96 Tabel 4.7. Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I…………...……………....... 98 Tabel 4.8. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA.... 100 Tabel 4.9. Hasil Penilaian Penggunaan Judul Berit……........……………….... 101 Tabel 4.10. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepatan Kata….………………………... 102 Tabel 4.11. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepata Kalimat……………….……...…. 103 Tabel 4.12. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis………….………..…. 103 Tabel 4.13. Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II………….…………...….. 105 Tabel 4.14. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Kelengkapan Unsur Berita ADIKSIMBA.. 107 Tabel 4.15. Hasil Penilaian Penggunaan Judul Berita……….………………... 107 Tabel 4.16. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepatan Kata…..……………………...... 108 Tabel 4.17. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ketepata Kalimat……………..…………... 109 Tabel 4.18. Hasil Penilaian Aspek Ejaan dan Tata Tulis…………..………….. 110 Tabel 4.19. Hasil Observasi Siklus I……..…………………………………..... 112 Tabel 4.20. Hasil Observasi Siklus II……………..………………………..….. 126 Tabel 4.21. Peningkatan Hasil Tes Menulis Teks Berita Prasiklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II………………………………………………………………….... 144 Tabel 4.22. Peningkatan Hasil Nilai Tiap Aspek Menulis Teks Berita.……..... 145 Tabel 4.23. Peningkatan Perubahan Perilaku Siswa Berdasarkan Hasil Observasi Siklus I dan Siklus II………………………………………………. 148
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Tabel 4.24. Peningkatan Hasil Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus I dan Siklus II…... 161
xix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 4.1. Guru Sedang Menyampaikan Materi Siklus I………….……….. 122 Gambar 4.2. Siswa Sedang Memperhatikan Penjelasan Materi Menulis Teks Berita dari Guru……………………………………………………………….. 123 Gambar 4.3. Siswa Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I…….………..…………….... 123 Gambar 4.4. Siswa Mempresentasikan Hasil Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I….. 124 Gambar 4.5. Siswa Menulis Jurnal Siklus I………………………….………... 124 Gambar 4.6. Guru Sedang Menyampaikan Materi Siklus II….………………. 135 Gambar 4.7. Siswa Sedang Memperhatikan Penjelasan Materi Menulis Teks Berita dari Guru…………………………………………...…………………... 136 Gambar 4.8. Siswa Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II……………..……………... 136 Gambar 4.9. Siswa Mempresentasikan Hasil Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II…. 137 Gambar 4.10. Siswa Menulis Jurnal Siklus II……………….…………….…... 137 Gambar 4.11. Guru Sedang Menyampaikan Materi Pada Prasiklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II………………………………………………….………………... 156 Gambar 4.12. Siswa Sedang Memperhatikan Penjelasan Materi Menulis Teks Berita Dari Guru Pada Prasiklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II……………………… 157 Gambar 4.13. Siswa Menulis Teks Berita Pada Prasiklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II……………………………………………………….……………….. 158 Gambar 4.14. Siswa Mempresentasikan Hasil Menulis Teks Berita Pada Prasiklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II………………………………………………. 159 Gambar 4.15. Siswa Menulis Jurnal Siklus I dan Siklus II……………………. 160
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1. Kerangka Berpikir…………………………………………….… 57 Bagan 3.1. Bagan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Kemmis dan Taggart………... 59
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DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik 4.1. Nilai Tes Akhir Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Prasiklus…… 92 Grafik 4.2. Nilai Tes Akhir Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Siklus I…….. 99 Grafik 4.3. Nilai Tes Akhir Keterampilan Menulis Teks Berita Siklus II..…. 106
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Prasiklus ................................170 Lampiran 2. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus I ..................................183 Lampiran 3. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II .................................196 Lampiran 4. Pedoman Observasi Siklus I Siklus II .............................................203 Lampiran 5. Pedoman Jurnal Siswa Siklus I dan Siklus II ..................................205 Lampiran 6. Pedoman Jurnal Guru Siklus I dan Siklus II ...................................206 Lampiran 7. Pedoman Wawancara Siklus I dan Siklus II....................................207 Lampiran 8. Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus I dan Siklus II ....................................208 Lampiran 9. Pedoman Dokumentasi Siklus I dan Siklus II .................................211 Lampiran 10. Soal Tes Prasiklus..........................................................................212 Lampiran 11. Soal Tes Siklus I dan Siklus II ......................................................213 Lampiran 12. Foto/ Gambar pada Media .............................................................214 Lampiran 13. Hasil Observasi Siklus I ................................................................215 Lampiran 14. Hasil Observasi Siklus II ...............................................................217 Lampiran 15. Hasil Jurnal Siswa Siklus I ............................................................219 Lampiran 16. Rekapitulasi Hasil Jurnal Siswa Siklus I .......................................222 Lampiran 17. Hasil Jurnal Siswa Siklus II ...........................................................223 Lampiran 18. Rekapitulasi Hasil Jurnal Siswa Siklus II ......................................226 Lampiran 19. Jurnal Guru Siklus I .......................................................................227 Lampiran 20. Jurnal Guru Siklus II .....................................................................229 Lampiran 21. Hasil Wawancara Siklus I .............................................................231 Lampiran 22. Hasil Wawancara Siklus II ............................................................234 Lampiran 23. Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus I ........................................................237 Lampiran 24. Angket Kinerja Guru Siklus II ......................................................240 Lampiran 25. Hasil Tes Siswa Prasiklus ..............................................................243 Lampiran 26. Hasil Tes Siswa Siklus I ................................................................247 Lampiran 27. Hasil Tes Siswa Siklus II ...............................................................251
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