Workshop on Measuring, Mapping and Valuing Pelagic Ecosystem Services of Lesser Sunda Ecoregion

Workshop on Measuring, Mapping and Valuing Pelagic Ecosystem Services of Lesser Sunda Ecoregion

Estimating and Measuring of the Value of Pelagic Tourism System – Preliminary Mapping and A Literature and Secondary Reviews

Luky Adrianto and Yudi Wahyudin Bali, 6-7 July 2015

The Outline

Selected tourism services of the pelagic system in the Lesser Sunda Ecoregion Applied methodology of valuing ecosystem services (type of cultural services - tourism activities) Value of cultural services (tourism activities) based on a view of literature survey

Proposed method to value tourism services of the pelagic system in the Lesser Sunda Ecoregion

Selected Services Tourism in the Pelagic System

Diving with Sharks

Diving with Rays

Views of Whale Watching Attracters Whale watch vessel and whale sperm whale

Whale Watching Back

Beautiful photos of Cape May Whale Watcher in New Jersey

Applied methodology of valuing ecosystem services (type of cultural services - tourism activities)

Framework for integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services

(de Groot et al, 2002)

Framework for integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services Economic valuation methods fall into four basic types, each with its own repertoire of associated measurement issues:

Economic Valuation Method Used Based on added value only (i.e. market price minus capital and labor costs (typically about 80%)

(1) Direct market valuation,

AC : Avoided cost

(2) Indirect market valuation,

RC : Replacement cost

FI

: Factor income

(3) Contingent valuation,

TC : Travel cost

(4) Group valuation.

HP : Hedonic pricing


Basic Theory of the Willingness to Pay “Individuals may be asked how much money they are willing to pay for successive additional quantities of a collective extramarket good. The choices offered relate to quantities consumed by all members of a social group. … If every individual of the whole social group is interrogated, all individual values (not quantities) are aggregated. The results correspond to a market-demand schedule.”

S.V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, 1947 paper on the economics of soil conservation

Supply and demand curves (Costanza et al, 1997)

Total economic value of biodiversity Nunes et al (2001)

CV : Contingent valuation TC : Travel cost HP : Hedonic pricing AB : Averting behavior PF : Production function

Note: the sign (−) means that the method is more (less) appropriate to be selected for the design of the valuation context of the biodiversity value category under consideration

Value of cultural services (tourism activities) based on a view of literature survey

Value Service of Pelagic System (Open Ocean)

(Costanza et al, 1997)

Value Service of Pelagic System (Open Ocean) Ecosystem functions (and associated goods and services

Range of monetary values in US$/ha year (a)

Direct market pricing (b)

AC

Regulation functions functions (and 1.Ecosystem Gas regulation associated goods and 8. Nutrient cycling services

Range of 7–265 monetary values 87–21 100 in US$/ha year (a)

Direct market pricing (b)

pricing ++ Indirect 0 market 0 0 ++ 0 AC RC FI TC HP

6–2761

++

Production functions 14. Food Regulation functions

1. Gas regulation Information functions 8. Nutrient cycling 19 Aesthetic information 20 Recreation and tourism Production functions 21 14.Cultural Food and artistic insp. 22 Spiritual andand historic inf. 20 Recreation tourism 23 Science and education

7–265 87–21 100 7–1760 2–6000 6–2761 1–25 2–6000

Indirect market pricing

++ 0 ++ 0 ++

++ ++

RC

FI

0

+

0 ++ 0 0

0 0

0 0

+ 0 +

+ 0

TC

HP

Contingent valuation

Group valuation

0 Contingent 0 valuation

0 Group 0 valuation 0

0 + 0 0 + 0

++ 0 0

0 0 0 ++ ++ ++ ++ 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Notes: a) Dollar values are based on Costanza et al. (1997) and apply to different ecosystems (e.g. waste treatment is mainly provided by wetlands and recreational benefits are, on a per hectare basis, highest in coral reefs). In the columns, the most used method on which the calculation was based is indicated with +++, the second most with ++, etc.; open circles indicate that that method was not used in the Costanza et al (1997) study but could potentially also be applied to that function. b) Based on added value only (i.e. market price minus capital and labor costs (typically about 80%)). AC: RC: FI: TC: HP:

Avoided cost Replacement cost Factor income Travel cost Hedonic pricing

de Groot et al (2002)

Value Service of Pelagic System (Open Ocean)

de Groot et al (2002)

Value Service of Pelagic System in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) The GBRWHA encompasses over 348,000 km2 and extends for more than 2300 km along Australia's northeast coast

(Stoeckl et al., 2014)

Value Service of Pelagic System in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) (Stoeckl et al., 2014)




The Global Economic Impact of Manta Ray Watching

Manta Ray Watching Tourism Extent and Dive Expenditure Estimates (US$)

O’Malley et al., 2013

Direct Economic Impact of Manta Ray Watching Tourism

O’Malley et al., 2013

Views studies that has been conducted by the Indonesian scholar and student

WPP

Location

711 Kubu Raya (Kalbar)

Type of Typology of the Goods and ecosystem ecosystem services services

Unit

Value

Methods

Year

Ahmad 2012 Faisal Siregar

Mangrove

Rp.

400,018,397,288 TEV

Mangrove

Rp.

2,288,388,191 PF

Terumbu karang

Rp.

62,548,478,926 TEV

2004

Mangrove

Rp.

29,751,261,034 TEV

2007

Terumbu karang

Rp.

713 Pulau Menjangan (Bali) Terumbu karang

Rp.

199,971,153,633 TEV

2006

712

Indramayu (Desa Pabean Udik)

712 Kepulauan Seribu Lampung Timur (Desa Mergasari) Taman Nasional 712 Karimun Jawa 712

4,652,647,794 CCM

References sources Tesis KBT FH IPB

Tesis ESK FEM IPB Biqwanto Tesis SPL Situmorang FPIK IPB Rahadi Tesis ESK Ariyanto FPIK IPB Fazri Tesis ESL Putrantomo FEM IPB Vidya Skripsi SEI Andalita FEM IPB Yuyun Tesis ESL Wahyuni FEM IPB Abdul Rahim Tesis ESK Leslahulu FEM IPB Muhammad Tesis EPN Alfian FEM IPB Skripsi SEI Fitrawati FPIK IPB Erni Tesis ESK SiskaDewi FEM IPB

2014 Osmaleli

2010

Delta mahakam, Kutai Kartanegara (Kaltim) Pulau Pombo, Maluku 714 Tengah (Maluku) Kendari 714 (Kec.Tinanggea)

Mangrove

Rp.

503,071,398,869 TEV

2013

Terumbu karang

Rp.

10,345,551,085 PF

2008

Mangrove

Rp.

54,849,336,492 TEV

2004

714 Buton (Sultra)

Mangrove

Rp.

204,378,959,794 TEV

2001

715 Pulau Ternate (Malut)

Terumbu karang

Rp.

21,027,933,840 TEV

2006

Pulau Waidoba, 715 Halmehera Selatan (Malut)

Lamun

Rp.

255,324,598,410 TEV

2012

713

Author

M. Said Al Hadad

Tesis ESL FEM IPB


WPP

Location


Unit

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Berakit)

Lamun

Produksi (PS)

SDI

(Rp./ha)

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Berakit)

Lamun

Produksi (PS)

Biota laut lainnya

(Rp./ha)

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Malang Rapat)

Lamun

Produksi (PS)

SDI

(Rp./ha)

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Malang Rapat)

Lamun

Produksi (PS)

Biota laut lainnya

(Rp./ha)

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Teluk Lamun Bakau)

Produksi (PS)

SDI

(Rp./ha)

711

Pulau Bintan (Desa Teluk Lamun Bakau)

Produksi (PS)

Biota laut lainnya

(Rp./ha)

Habitat (SS)

Produksi primer

(Rp./ha)

Pesisir Timur Pulau Bintan 711 (Berakit, Malang Rapat, Lamun Teluk Bakau)

Value

331,280,000

22,130,000

339,550,000

29,420,000

24,602,000

17,180,000

2,015,533

Methods

Year

PF

2013

PF

2013

PF

2013

PF

2013

PF

2013

PF

2013

PF (ELSM) 2014

Author Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Samosir, & Wahyudin Adrianto, Kusumastant o, Pratomo, Dhewani, & Wahyudin

References sources

IPB

IPB

IPB

IPB

IPB

IPB

IPB


WPP

Location

Pulau Belakang Padang 711 (Batam) 711 711 711

711 711 711 711

Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam)

Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang 711 (Batam) 711

Type of Typology of the Goods and ecosystem ecosystem services services Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove

Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove

Mangrove

Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Habitat (SS) Habitat (SS) Habitat (SS) Habitat (SS) Informasi (CS) Informasi (CS)

Unit

Value

Methods

Year

Author

References sources

Potensi kayu/bahan (Rp./ha) bangunan

4,620,000

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Kayu bakar (Rp./ha)

6,300,000

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Arang kayu (Rp./ha)

2,103,403

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

133,019

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

3,622,060

RC

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

491,100

BT

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

2,000,000

BT

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Keanekarag (Rp./ha) aman hayati

150,000

BT

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Pendidikan (Rp./ha)

45,686

CV

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

340,751

TC

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Perikanan mangrove Penahan abrasi Tempat pemijahan Penyedia karbon

Rekreasi

(Rp./ha)


WPP 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711

Location Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam) Pulau Belakang Padang (Batam)

Type of Typology of the Goods and ecosystem ecosystem services services Terumbu karang Terumbu karang Terumbu karang Terumbu karang Terumbu karang Perairan Perairan Terumbu karang

Habitat (SS) Habitat (SS) Habitat (SS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS) Informasi (CS)

Penahan abrasi Tempat pemijahan Penyedia karbon

Unit

Value

Methods

Year

Author

References sources

(Rp./ha)

109,333,333

RC

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

488,700

BT

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

(Rp./ha)

40,000,000

BT

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Batu karang (Rp./ha)

136,800,000

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

3,167,000,000

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

1,515,816

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

453,449

PF

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

7,240,000

CV

2005 PKSPL-IPB

KKP

Perikanan (Rp./ha) karang Penyedia (Rp./ha) pendapatan Penyedia (Rp./ha) nutrisi Pendidikan (Rp./ha)

Views studies that has been conducted by the Indonesian scholar and student WPP

Location


712 Teluk Banten

Lamun

712 Teluk Banten

Lamun

712 Teluk Banten

Lamun

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

713 Kota Bontang

Mangrove

Unit

Ikan Produksi (Rp./ha) (PS) Habitat Pencegah (Rp./ha) (SS) abrasi Habitat (Rp./ha) (SS) Biodiversitas Pengaturan (Rp./ha) Keberadaan (RS) Tempat Habitat (Rp./ha) pemijahan (SS) Stok karbon Habitat (Rp./ha) (SS) Habitat (Rp./ha) Biodiversitas (SS) Kayu bakar Produksi (Rp./ha) (PS) Ikan Produksi (Rp./ha) mangrove (PS) Teripang Produksi (Rp./ha) (PS) Penelitian Informasi (Rp./ha) (CS)

Value

Methods

Year

Author

References sources

53,985,000

PF

2000 PKSPL-IPB

KLH

418,461,000

RC

2000 PKSPL-IPB

KLH

180,000

BT

2000 PKSPL-IPB

KLH

2,706,733 6,229,920 39,600,000 605,028 1,781,045 235,975,781 85,658,956 2,348,279

BT Kombinasi BT & PF BT BT PF PF PF

CV

2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB 2012 PKSPL-IPB

Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang

Views studies that has been conducted by the Indonesian scholar and student WPP

Location


713 Kota Bontang

Terumbu karang

Pengaturan (RS)

713 Kota Bontang

Terumbu karang

Habitat (SS)

713 Kota Bontang

Terumbu karang

Habitat (SS)

713 Kota Bontang

Terumbu karang

Produksi (PS)

713 Kota Bontang

713 Kota Bontang

Terumbu karang

Terumbu karang

Informasi (CS) Informasi (CS)

713 Kota Bontang

Lamun

Habitat (SS)

713 Kota Bontang

Lamun

Informasi (CS)

713 Kota Bontang

Perairan

Produksi (PS)

713 Kota Bontang

Areal budidaya laut

Produksi (PS)

Unit

(Rp./ha) Keberadaan Tempat pemijahan (Rp./ha)

Value

Methods

101,192 CV

29,313,306

Kombinasi BT & PF

Year

Author

2012 PKSPL-IPB

2012 PKSPL-IPB

Penahan (Rp./ha) gelombang

3,347,202 RC

2012 PKSPL-IPB

(Rp./ha)

56,223,668 PF

2012 PKSPL-IPB

(Rp./ha)

2,291,248 CV

2012 PKSPL-IPB

(Rp./ha)

1,596,130 TC

2012 PKSPL-IPB

Ikan karang

Penelitian

Wisata Tempat pemijahan

(Rp./ha)

(Rp./ha)

Penelitian Ikan pelagis (Rp./ha) dan demersal Rumput laut (Rp./ha)

15,900,000

Kombinasi BT & PF

2012 PKSPL-IPB

363,481 CV

2012 PKSPL-IPB

7,224,258 PF

2012 PKSPL-IPB

57,372,494 PF

2012 PKSPL-IPB

References sources Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang


WPP

Location

Typology of the ecosystem

Type of ecosystem services

Goods and services

Unit

Value

Methods

Year

713 Selat Lombok

Mangrove

Pengaturan (RS)

Keberadaan (Rp./ha)

2,005,197 BT

2012

713 Selat Lombok

Mangrove

Habitat (SS)

Stok karbon (Rp./ha)

39,600,000 BT

2012

713 Selat Lombok

Mangrove

Habitat (SS)

Biodiversitas (Rp./ha)

605,028 BT

2012

713 Selat Lombok

Mangrove

713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok

713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok

713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok 713 Selat Lombok

Produksi (PS) Informasi Mangrove (CS) Pengaturan Terumbu karang (RS) Terumbu karang Habitat (SS)

Kepiting

(Rp./ha)

2,972,092 PF

2012

Penelitian

(Rp./ha)

5,461,604 CV

2012

Keberadaan (Rp./ha)

74,965 BT

2012

Daerah pemijahan

Produksi Ikan karang (PS) Informasi Terumbu karang Penelitian (CS) Informasi Terumbu karang Wisata (CS) Produksi Ikan pelagis Perairan (PS) & demersal Pengaturan Pantai Keberadaan (RS) Informasi Pantai Wisata (CS) Produksi Ladang garam Garam (PS) Areal budidaya Produksi Mutiara laut (PS) Terumbu karang

(Rp./ha)

1,340,625

Kombinasi BT & PF

2012

(Rp./ha)

170,712,124 PF

2012

(Rp./ha)

21,355,085 CV

2012

(Rp./ha)

95,963,075 CV

2012

(Rp./ha)

4,361,614 PF

2012

(Rp./ha)

1,385,310 BT

2012

(Rp./ha)

8,622,869,607 TC

2012

(Rp./ha)

1,809,000 PF

2012

(Rp./ha)

9,138,743 PF

2012

Author Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto Wahyudin & Adrianto

References sources Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB Working Paper PKSPL IPB

Views studies that has been conducted by the Indonesian scholar and student WPP 713 713 713 713

713 713 713

Location Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang)



Value

Methods

Year

Pengaturan (RS)

Keberadaan (Rp./ha)

2,706,733 BT

2013

Mangrove

Habitat (SS)

Stok karbon (Rp./ha)

39,600,000 BT

2013

Mangrove

Habitat (SS)

Mangrove

Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove

Daerah pemijahan Penahan Habitat (SS) abrasi

Habitat (SS) Produksi (PS) Produksi (PS)

Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang)

Mangrove

Produksi (PS)

713


Mangrove

Produksi (PS)

713


Mangrove

Produksi (PS)

713


Mangrove

Produksi (PS)

713


Mangrove

Produksi (PS)

Tanjung Limau (Kota Bontang) Tanjung Limau 713 (Kota Bontang)

Unit

Mangrove

713

713

Goods and services

Mangrove Mangrove

Informasi (CS) Informasi (CS)

Kombinasi BT & PF

(Rp./ha)

6,229,920

2013

(Rp./ha)

5,596,635 RC

2013

Biodiversitas (Rp./ha)

605,028 BT

2013

Author

References sources

PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB

Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang

Kayu bakar

(Rp./ha)

1,791,045 PF

2013

Teripang

(Rp./ha)

85,658,956 PF

2013

(Rp./ha)

3,456,000 PF

2013

PKSPLIPB

Bappeda Kota Bontang

(Rp./ha)

518,400 PF

2013

PKSPLIPB


(Rp./ha)

1,306,800 PF

2013

PKSPLIPB


(Rp./ha)

331,410,000 PF

2013

PKSPLIPB


Kepiting/Raju (Rp./ha) ngan

935,370,000 PF

2013

PKSPLIPB


PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB

Bappeda Kota Bontang Bappeda Kota Bontang

Pewarna buah mangrove Makanan buah mangrove Minuman buah mangrove Kerang

Penelitian

(Rp./ha)

2,348,279 CV

2013

Wisata

(Rp./ha)

126,930,000 TC

2013

Views studies that has been conducted by the Indonesian scholar and student WPP 713 713

Location Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep) Pulau Salemo (Pangkep)



Produksi (PS) Informasi Terumbu karang (CS) Terumbu karang

Goods and services

Terumbu karang Habitat (SS)

Value

Methods

Year

Perikanan Karang

(Rp./ha)

5,364,450 PF

2005

Penelitian

(Rp./ha)

2,775,000 CV

2005

(Rp./ha)

13,379,958 RC

2005

(Rp./ha)

393,906 BT

2005

(Rp./ha)

804,668 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

4,525,000 CV

2005

(Rp./ha)

57,660 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

75,407 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

1,850,000 CV

2005

(Rp./ha)

66,541,407 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

565,566 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

3,892,661 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

85,014 PF

2005

(Rp./ha)

1,080,000 CV

2005

Penahan abrasi Penyedia 713 Terumbu karang Habitat (SS) karbon Produksi Penyedia 713 Perairan (PS) pendapatan Informasi 713 Perairan Pendidikan (CS) Produksi Penyedia 713 Perairan (PS) nutrisi Produksi Penyedia 713 Rumput laut (PS) pendapatan Informasi 713 Rumput laut Pendidikan (CS) Potensi Produksi 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove kayu/bahan (PS) bangunan Produksi 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove Kayu bakar (PS) Produksi Penyedia 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove (PS) umpan Produksi 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove Bahan obat (PS) Penelitian Informasi 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove dan (CS) pendidikan 713

Unit

Author PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB

PKSPLIPB

References sources KKP KKP KKP KKP

KKP KKP KKP KKP

KKP KKP KKP KKP KKP KKP


WPP

Location


715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove

715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Mangrove 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Terumbu karang 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Terumbu karang 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Terumbu karang 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Terumbu karang

715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Perairan 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Perairan 715 Pulau Moti (Ternate) Perairan


Goods and services

Penahan abrasi Penyedia Habitat (SS) karbon Habitat (SS)

Unit

Value

Methods

Year

Author PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB

References sources

(Rp./ha)

17,848,916 RC

2005

(Rp./ha)

17,798,880 BT

2005

Habitat (SS) Keanekaraga (Rp./ha) man hayati Produksi Perikanan (Rp./ha) (PS) karang Penelitian Informasi dan (Rp./ha) (CS) pendidikan Penahan Habitat (SS) (Rp./ha) abrasi Penyedia Habitat (SS) (Rp./ha) karbon Produksi Penyedia (Rp./ha) (PS) pendapatan Informasi Pendidikan (Rp./ha) (CS) dan penelitian Produksi Penyedia (Rp./ha) (PS) nutrisi

150,000 BT

2005

PKSPLIPB

KKP

3,987,780 PF

2005

PKSPLIPB

KKP

1,080,000 CV

2005

PKSPLIPB

KKP

6,615,132 RC

2005

10,838,816 BT

2005

45,427 PF

2005

1,080,000 CV

2005

62,242 PV

2005

PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB PKSPLIPB

KKP

KKP

KKP KKP

KKP KKP KKP

Proposed method to value tourism services of the pelagic system in the Lesser Sunda Ecoregion

Framework for integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services


Proposed Method to Value Tourism Service of the Pelagic System Qualitative

Burkhard Model (Supply-Demand Capacity)

Habitat Equivalent Index

Species Selected as Tourism Services:  Whale-shark  Manta rays

Contingent Valuation (WTP – CM) Income Effect (Direct- and Indirect- Impact; Induced Demand) Travel Cost

Quantitative

The framework of the ecological integrity, tourism services of the pelagic system and human social well being as a supply and demand in the social ecological system of pelagic system

Uses of the Pelagic Habitat

Tourism Services of the Pelagic System

Ecological Integrity Structure and the process of Pelagic system

Supply

Demand

Regulation Habitat Production Information

Modified from Burkhard et al (2012)

Benefits to the human

Ecological value, Socialcultural value, and Economic value Population, Economics

Proposed Method to Value Tourism Service of the Pelagic System Approach/Technique

Description

Examples

Supply-based Relates changes in the output of marketed goods and services to a Production function measurable change in ecosystem goods and services of pelagic system Demand-based (market) Using information on the amount of time and money people spend visiting Travel cost(*) an ecosystem for recreation or leisure purposes to calculate a value per visit Demand-based (non-market) Identify ecosystem values by asking people directly what their willingness Contingent valuation to pay for them or accept compensation for their loss is Presents a series of alternative resource or ecosystem use options, each defined by various attributes set Choice experiment at different levels (including price) and asks respondents to select which option (i.e. sets of attributes at different levels) they prefer

The reduction in fishery output as a result of clearing a pelagic habitat

The transport and accommodation costs, entry fees and time spent visiting or hunting to watching marine mammals

How much would you be willing to contribute towards a fund to clean up and conserve the pelagic habitat? Respondents’ preferences for conservation, recreational facilities and the educational attributes of pelagic system (open ocean)

UNEP (2014)

Primary valuation methods, typical applications, examples and limitations

UNEP (2014)

Aliran perairan biotik

Efisiensi metabolic

Penyerapan energi

Pengurangan kehilangan nutrient

Kapasitas penyimpanan

Akumulasi Jasa Pengaturan

Pengaturan iklim lokal

Pengaturan iklim global

Pengendali banjir rob

Pengaturan kualitas air

Pengendali abrasi

Pengaturan nutrien

Pemurnian air laut

Akumulasi Jasa Persediaan

Sumberdaya perikanan tangkap

Sumberdaya perikanan budidaya

Tempat berkembang biak

Tempat asuhan

Tempat mencari makan

Sumber makanan ternak

Stok karbon

Penyedia obat-obatan

Akumulasi Jasa Budaya

Rekreasi dan nilai estetika

Nilai instrinsik dari biodiversitas

Penggunaan Lahan Pesisir Pemukiman 3 2 Pantai dan pasir 8 2 Pelabuhan 2 1 Mangrove 24 2 Terumbu karang 19 3 Budidaya laut 17 2 Perikanan tangkap 12 2 Pertanian pesisir 14 2 Pertambangan 4 2 Alur transportasi laut 12 2 Laut 12 2 Sumber: Hasil analisis (September 2013)

Biodiversitas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Keberagaman abiotik

Akumulasi Integritas Ekologi

Supply capacity mapping of the seagrasses ecosystem to the land uses

1 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2

0 1 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 0 0

0 1 0 3 4 2 2 2 0 2 2

0 1 0 4 4 2 2 2 0 2 2

0 0 0 4 2 2 3 2 0 3 3

0 1 0 4 3 4 1 2 0 1 1

0 2 2 25 22 16 11 9 0 11 11

0 0 0 4 4 2 3 2 0 3 3

0 0 0 3 3 2 4 2 0 4 4

0 4 2 2 4 2 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 4 2 2 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 4 4 2 0 2 0 0 0

0 1 0 4 2 3 4 0 0 4 4

0 1 0 4 3 3 0 1 0 0 0

2 1 0 29 24 19 26 15 0 17 17

0 0 0 4 3 3 4 3 0 3 3

0 1 0 4 3 4 3 3 0 3 3

0 0 0 4 3 3 4 0 0 2 2

0 0 0 4 3 3 4 0 0 2 2

0 0 0 4 3 1 4 0 0 2 2

1 0 0 3 3 2 2 3 0 2 2

1 0 0 3 3 2 3 3 0 2 2

0 0 0 3 3 1 2 3 0 1 1

0 6 1 8 4 4 5 4 0 5 5

0 4 1 4 2 2 3 2 0 3 3

0 2 0 4 2 2 2 2 0 2 2

Keterangan: 0 1 2 3 4

Tidak ada kapasitas hubungan Kapasitas hubungan lemah Kapasitas hubungan sedang Kapasitas hubungan kuat Kapasitas hubungan sangat kuat

Adrianto et al (2013)


Efisiensi metabolic

Penyerapan energi








Pengendali abrasi

Pengaturan nutrien

Pemurnian air laut





Tempat asuhan



Stok karbon





Penggunaan Lahan Pesisir Pemukiman 15 2 Pantai, pasir 14 2 Pelabuhan 14 2 Mangrove 21 3 Terumbu karang 14 2 Budidaya laut 21 3 Perikanan tangkap 21 3 Pertanian pesisir 14 2 Pertambangan 12 2 Alur transportasi laut 14 2 Laut Sumber: Hasil analisis (September 14 2013)2

Biodiversitas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Keberagaman abiotik


Demand capacity mapping of the seagrasses ecosystem to the land uses

3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2

2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2

2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2

2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2

10 8 4 18 18 11 16 7 2 7 7

0 0 0 3 3 2 2 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1

3 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 0 1 1

2 1 0 2 2 1 3 1 0 1 1

3 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 1 1

0 2 0 3 3 2 3 1 0 1 1

2 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 0 1 1

0 0 2 15 17 21 24 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 2 1 3 3 3 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0

4 2 0 4 4 4 2 0 0 2 2

2 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 0 1 1

2 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 0 1 1

Keterangan: 0 1 2 3 4

Tidak ada hubungan permintaan Hubungan permintaan lemah Hubungan permintaan sedang Hubungan permintaan kuat Hubungan permintaan sangat kuat


0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 -2 -1 -1 -2 1 1 -1 0 -1 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1





Stok karbon

0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 2 2


0 1 0 2 1 2 0 3 0 3 3


0 0 0 2 1 1 1 3 0 3 3

Tempat asuhan




-3 0 -2 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 2 1 2 2 -1 1 1 1 2 -2 1 -3 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 3 -1 -1 3 -1


Sumber: Hasil analisis (September 2013) Keterangan: -4 Defisit suplai sangat tinggi -3 Defisit suplai tinggi -2 Defisit suplai sedang -1 Defisit suplai rendah 0 Neraca seimbang 1 Kelebihan suplai rendah 2 Kelebihan suplai sedang 3 Kelebihan suplai tinggi 4 Kelebihan suplai sangat tinggi

0 0 -3 -2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 -1 -3 1 1 0 0 0 -2 0 0 2 3 -1 -1 2 3 -1 -1

Pemurnian air laut

-2 -1 -2 1 1 1 -2 0 -3 -1 -1

Pengaturan nutrien


-2 -2 -2 1 0 -1 0 0 -1 1 1

Pengendali abrasi


-2 -1 -2 1 2 -1 -1 0 -2 0 0


Penyerapan energi

-2 -1 -2 0 2 -1 -1 0 -2 0 0


Efisiensi metabolic

-2 -1 -2 1 -2 0 -3 0 -1 -2 -2



-2 0 -1 0 1 -1 -1 0 1 0 0


Biodiversitas

0 0 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0


Keberagaman abiotik

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Penggunaan Lahan Pesisir Pemukiman Wisata pantai Pelabuhan Mangrove Terumbu karang Budidaya laut Perikanan tangkap Pertanian pesisir Pertambangan Alur transportasi laut Laut


Supply-demand equilibrium mapping of the seagrasses ecosystem to the land uses

-2 -2 3 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 2 1


The Algoritm of CVM

Contingent Valuation Method

Identifying Key Stakeholders

Questioner design Example: Existence Value (NUV) Respondent Sampling

Artificial market

Data Analysis

Defining the Economic Value

(Adrianto, 2006)

The Needed Data

Data Needed

Type of data

1. number citizen related to the ecosystem

Secondary

2. Willingness to pay the ecosystem services

Primary

3. Income

Primary

4. Age

Primary

5. Education

Primary

7. Other factors that could influence the WTP

Primary

Measuring Economic Value Using CVM

The Algoritm of TCM

Travel Cost Method (TCM) Example: Recreational fishery (UV)

Identifying the area of recreational Identifying respondent

Respondent sampling Travel cost analysis Consumers Surplus Analysis Defining the Economic Value (Adrianto, 2006)

The Needed Data

Data Needed

Type of data

1. number of visitors to the recreational area per year

Secondary

2. Travel cost of each visitors

Primary

3. Income

Primary

4. Age

Primary

5. Education

Primary

6. Other area of recreation (substitution)

Primary

7. Opportunity cost of time

Primary

8. Other factor impacted by demand

Primary

Measuring Economic Value Using TCM

(Adrianto, 2006)

Measuring Economic Value Using TCM

(Adrianto, 2006)

Consumer Surplus for Recreation Benefit

(Costanza et al, 1997)

The result of regression for recreational from the Lombok Strait Wahyudin and Adrianto (2011)

SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R R Square Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations

0.748609991 0.560416918 0.491462709 0.260580595 60

ANOVA df Regression Residual Total

Intercept COST AGE EDU FAM INCOME MEMBER OPINION OPPCOST

alpha:= beta:= Qrata:=

8 51 59

SS 4.414937758 3.463014559 7.877952317

Coefficients -0.109896938 -1.7438E-07 -0.000568982 -0.00771614 0.013950006 7.51509E-09 -0.07161461 0.175541194 9.22799E-07

Standard Error 0.471783776 6.11578E-08 0.005951573 0.024182761 0.032492254 1.13654E-08 0.105286702 0.055402927 3.44754E-06

0.775562803 ; -1.7438E-07 ; 1.53750 ;

MS 0.55186722 0.067902246

t Stat -0.232939205 -2.851313063 -0.09560202 -0.319076045 0.429333265 0.661223867 -0.680186654 3.168446206 0.26766907

F 8.127377961

Significance F 5.26465E-07

P-value 0.816740975 0.006270557 0.924211328 0.750972091 0.669489074 0.511445021 0.499462489 0.002589797 0.790033634

Lower 95% -1.057042369 -2.97159E-07 -0.012517264 -0.056265058 -0.051280915 -1.5302E-08 -0.28298648 0.064315179 -5.99842E-06

The economic value of recreational of Lombok Strait Wahyudin and Adrianto (2011)

Thank You

Workshop on Measuring, Mapping and Valuing Pelagic Ecosystem Services of Lesser Sunda Ecoregion

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