WATER RECHARGE, FLOOD

METHODS of RAIN WATER HARVESTING for GROUND WATER RECHARGE , FLOOD and DROUGHT MITIGATION in Indonesia Agus Maryono University of Gadjah Mada September 2007 Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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INDONESIA

Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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VOLKAN


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Mountain MERAPI VULKANO Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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We have Problem • Floods in Rainy Season “Flood Season” • Drought in Dry Season “Drought Season” Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Flood Season Ciliwung river flood plain


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Flood


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Bed Situation 2002 2005 2007


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Drought


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Drought

Dr. Agus Panumpu, Makasar, Desember, 04 Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

Masyarakat tidak berfikir sampah, karena sudah biasa!!!!

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Drought


SUNGAI PENUH SAMPAH, BAU, HITAM dan TIDAK 12 SEHAT

Drought – decreasing fish productivity


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1 Kg Fish = Rp. 30.000,-, 1 Kg Reis = Rp.5000,Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Jakarta flood evens Ciliwung upstream after flood Flood and after flood


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Banjir Flood Uptream Ciliwung Flood , After Flood


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Playing with rain water Rain water flows out the street Simple rainwater harvesting,


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Precipitation in Sidoharjo, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta Rata-rata Curah Hujan Bulanan Stasiun Pencatatan Hujan Sidoharjo

800

Drought

C urah H ujan (mm )

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jan

Feb

Rainy

Maret

April

Mei

Juni

Juli

Agst


Sept

Okt

Nov

Des

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Precipitation 1994-2002 Precipitation-mountly 1994-2002 (Curah hujan bulanan 1994-2002) Sta. SIDOHARJO TEPUS P r e c ip it a t io n ( T in g g i H u ja n (m m )

800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0

Series1

0

12

24

36

48

60

72

84

96

108

120

132

144

156

Mount (Bulan)


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Rain fall Potential in Indonesia (2000-4000 mm/th)


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RAINWATER HARVESTING as ONE SOLUTION Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Methods of Rainfall Harvesting • • • • • •

House Reservoir /tank Bio- pore House yard Dike House yard Hole Infiltration Area Infiltration closed channel

• • • • • • •

Landscape modification Groundwater conservation area Community lake Rainfall basin in Irrigation area Retarding Basin Lake, Dam Forestation


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Rainwater Harvesting in Domestic and Agricultural Areas Rooftop Water Harvesting

Water Harvesting

for Drinking Water Supply

for Agricultural Production

Rainwater Tank

23 Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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source, Prinz, D, Karlsruhe, Jerman

Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas

MEASURES PROPOSED RW Harvesting for artificial GW recharge/alleviating the Water Harvesting

flood problem

For domestic purposes and also for groundwater recharge Well

Rainwater Tank

The application of this technique can also contribute significantly to reduce the problem of flooding.

Reserve for Dry Season

Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], Groundwater UGM

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24 Prinz, D, Karlsruhe, Jerman


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Rainfall Tank a.

b.

c.

d.

Fig. 1. Rainfall tank for household Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Household Tank

Fig. 2. Rainfall tank for household Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Household Tank (horizontal) and Infiltration Well

talang

kolam tando

sumur resapan

Fig. 3. Household tank and infiltration well Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Household Tank (vertical) and Infiltration Well

talang kolam tando

sumur resapan

Fig. 4.. Kolam tampungan vertikal dan sumur resapan Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Rainfall Tank for Industries

talang

kolam tando tertutup (menghindari lumut)

Fig. 5. Kolam tampungan air hujan untuk Industri Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Purposes Many surfaces are suited to collect rainwater. The investment costs are relatively low.

The storage can be done in jars, ferrocement tanks etc., in basins or underground in cisterns.


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Prinz, D, Karlsruhe, Jerman

Infiltration well, Jakarta


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Infiltration well, Jakarta


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Tabel Luas Berdasarkan Kedalaman Muka Air Tanah (Ha) Kota Jakarta Barat - Propinsi DKI Jakarta

KECAMATAN CENGKARENG GROGOL PETAMBURAN KALI DERES KEBON JERUK KEMBANGAN PALMERAH TAMAN SARI TAMBORA Luas TOTAL

0-1 m 300 102 1,210 97 181 0 0 23 1,912

KEDALAMAN AIR TANAH LUAS 1-2 m 2-4 m 4-8 m 8-12 m > 12 m TOTAL (Ha) 1,759 745 0 0 0 2,804 418 486 164 0 0 1,170 897 868 0 0 0 2,975 0 1,350 0 0 0 1,447 0 1,980 0 0 0 2,161 0 245 500 0 0 745 450 64 0 0 0 513 332 142 0 0 0 497 3,855 5,881 664 0 0 12,313


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infiltration well by low ground water level

pasangan batu kosong dan ijuk >2 m tergantung jenis dan lapisan tanah

Fig. 8. Infiltration well by low ground water level sedimen mengendap di bagian bawah Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Design of Infiltration well

Fig. 7. Infiltration well (Source : Dept. Of Public Waork, PU, Jakarta). Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Usual Rainwater infiltration well bak kontrol sedimen 50 cm

sedimen mengendap di bagian bawah 2-10 m tergantung jenis dan lapisan tanah

pasangan batu kosong dan ijuk

Fig. 8. Sumur resapan air hujan konstruksi sederhana. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Community Houses


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City Region • Bussenise and office buildings


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Rainwater Infiltration Well


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BIOPORE Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Infiltration Hole Bio-pore


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LUBANG RESAPAN BIOPORI: ¾ Hole Diameter : 10 -30 cm. Depth : < 100 cm. ¾ Organic waste for habitat land fauna


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Infiltration closed flume/channel

parit / kolam

Fig. 10. Hous hold infiltration channel Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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House yard infiltration closed channel


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Infiltration Grass Block

a

b

Fig. 11. a. Konblok tidak ramah lingkungan. b. Grass block. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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House yard Dike 0,2 - 0,3 m

tanggul pekarangan (0,1 - 0,3 m) 0,30 m

Tanggul dari potongan bambu dipasang berrderet dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan

Tanggul dari tumpukan batu kosong 0,2 m 0,3 m

Fig. 13. Tanggul pekarangan untuk menahan erosi dan peresapan air hujan. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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House yard dike deretan genteng

Tanggul dari tumbuhan

Tanggul dari genteng bekas dipasang berrderet dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan

Fig. 13. Tanggul pekarangan untuk menahan erosi dan peresapan air hujan. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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House yard wall dike genangan air hujan

Fig. 15. House yard Wall dike (Distrik Klaten, Jawa Tengah) Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Under-street channel tank

Fig. 6. Under streetconstruction tank Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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“House yard hole” “Jogangan” untuk penampungan air dibiarkan 2 bulan, digunakan sebagai lubang penghijauan

Lubang untuk pupuk kandang

1m 1m

1m

Fig. 16. Geometry (1 m x 1 m x 1 m), House yard holde


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Landscape Modification House/ Appartment/ “mulde”

tampak atas

Fig. 18. Landscape Modification Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Rainwater Harvesting in Agricultural Areas


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Irrigation conservation reservoir a b

sawah / tegalan

sempadan sungai sungai

selokan menuju kolam

kolam tampung an air

c

Fig. 23. Conservation reservoir in Irrigation area (daerah Klaten, Jawa Tengah) Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Various micro- and macrocatchment water harvesting techniques


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Prinz, D, Karlsruhe, Jerman

“ Mulde” in agriculture area

cekungan cekungan

Fig. 19. Lansecape modification in arid and semi arid area


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Infiltration Close Channel (“Grabung”)

1-2 m

10-25 m

2m Fig. 9. Irrigation area Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Terrace

Fig. 20. Terrace as rain water harversting (Provinsi Bali). Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Groundwater conservation area Groundwater conservation area

Ground water

Fig. 21. Groundwater conservations area. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Community lake

bekas galian C yang dimanfaatkan sebagai kolam tampungan air sekaligus untuk rekreasi masyarakat

kolam konservasi di areal pertanian / perkebunan

Fig. 22. Community lake. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Community lake


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In Germany - Waldereuth


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Re-vitalization of Lake for rain water harvesting Angin tertahan

Cara Eko-hidraulik: Suhu muka air rendah, kecepatan angin rendah , evaporasi rendah, zone perakaran hidup; qualitas ekosistem tinggi, pasokan air tinggi, umur tampungan panjang

Penguapan tinggi

Cara hidraulik murni; suhu muka air tinggi, kec angina tinggi, dan evaporasi tinggi, umur tampungan pendek

Fig. 24. Lake with ecohydraulic concept restoration. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Lake Re-vitalization Ring I

Ring II Ring III


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Sustainable lake in semi arid region

Fig. 25. Sustainable lake : Left: lake Towet and middle: lake Endog Gede; Un sustainable lake: righ: telaga Jrakah, Yogyakarta Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Sedimentation on lake and reservoir

Fig. 27. Sedimented Lake by solid waste (right: Lake Sawah and Left: Lake Baru di Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat), need to revitalisation Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Bendungan Bawah Tanah

SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT OF UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR TECHNOLOGY (3) 1. THE STORED UNDERGROUND WATER CAN BE PUMPED UP THROUGH THE WELLS AND SENT TO THE TANK LOCATED AT THE HIGHER ELEVATION 2. WATER FROM THE TANK THEN BE CHANNELED TO THE FARM 3. THE LANDSCAPE IS UNCHANGED, BUT A NEW GREEN AGRICULTURE WILL BE BORN

CASE: OKINAWA - JAPAN

SOURCE: LIFE-GIVING RESERVOIRS UNDER THE FERTILE SOIL OF OKINAWA OKINAWA GENERAL BUREAU - NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROJECT OF OKINAWA ISLAND SOUTHERN REGION KOKYO JIGYO TSUSHINSHA CORP.


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UNDERGROUND RIVER DEVELOPMENT in GUNUNG KIDUL DIY (Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Nestmann)


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Joint Project

„Microhydro under constraction Underground River in a Karst Area in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia “

UGM,

23 Pebruari 2005


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Retarding basin

Fig. : River side-conservation area (Retarding basin) Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Retarding Basin Hul u Wilayah Jakarta Selatan, Depok dan Bogor

Debit/muka air banjir tanpa retarding basin

Retarding basin, banjir ditahan di hulu

Volume retarding basin yang harus disediakan

Debit/muka air banjir dengan retarding basin

Debi t banj ir

Ilustrasi Retarding Basin

Muk air banj

Banjir di Jakarta pusat berkurang ( hilir ) berkurang Hili r


79 Waktu

RETARDING BASIN


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Retarding Basin for flood mitigation of Code river, Yogyakarta Q (m3/det) PDA Kaloran 290,816 Sayidan 284,686

PDA Pogung 143,571

25,025 km

5,425 km

6,125 km

36,575 km


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Flood in Code river about 948 houses inundated


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Design Retarding Basin Volume of retarding basing Volume kolam konservasi yang diperlukan = 483355,6 m3

:

: peak discharge Kaloran

: capacity of Sayidan river

: peak discharge Sayidan

: volume of conservation basin

: debit Dr. puncak Pogung0811 254 254, Agus Maryono, [email protected], UGM

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Area for retarding basin of Code river Lokasi Sariharjo Kayen Plemburan

Luas (cm2)

Luas (m2)

Tinggi asli (m)

Tinggi kolam (m)

0,03

91875

4

3,14

288487,5

0,19

581875

4

3,14

1827087,5

0,04

122500

5

3,14

384650

0,06

183750

5

3,14

576975

0,04

122500

3,5

3,14

384650

0,06

183750

5

3,14

576975

0,03

91875

5

3,14

288487,5

TOTAL

Volume kolam (M3)

4.327.312,5

SAWAH TEGALAN

Volume of the needed retarding basin = 483.355,6 m3 Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Lokasi dan luas kolam konservasi Volume kolam konservasi yang tersedia di Plemburan dan Sariharjo = 673.137, 50 m3 > 483.335,6 m3

Total = 673137,5 m3


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Design retarding basin


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Forest as a tool for rain water harvesting

Fig. 28. Forest for rain water harversting (Catchment area Lake Tempe, Sulawesi Selatan) Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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Mountain and forest for rain water harvesting


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PH of rain water

Fig. 29. pH of rainwater in several region in indoneisa (source: Website BMG, 2005). Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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NETWORK AREA of RAINWATER HARVERSTING

TOWARD THE RAINWATER HARVERSTING BASED COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA

Padang

Pontianak

Manokwari

Kendari Palopo

Pangkal Pinang

Jayapura

OKU

Merauke

Jogja Gn Kidul Bantul Sleman Kulonprogo Madiun Magelang

Lombok

Banyumas Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, Bandung

[email protected], UGM

Kupang

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Hi..we want to be safe and happy in our nature!!

The people want safe and happy too!!


Way they always distroy our ecosystem.... Its really stupped isn‘t it?

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Conclusion • Rain water harvesting is needed and important to implement in Indonesia and also other countries • People had already traditionally their own technology for rain water harvesting • Every people, group of people and government can implement the rain harvesting method easily. • Rain water harvesting can be constructed in order to mitigate the flood and drought. • Rain water is the most potential water resource for the future. • Everybody can create a new idea to harvest the rain water with traditional or modern methods. Dr. Agus Maryono, 0811 254 254, [email protected], UGM

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WATER RECHARGE, FLOOD

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