PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2013/ 2014
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di Kabupaten Indramayu Penekanan Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Permasalahan Dominan Menciptakan Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Teknik Vegetasi Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun Oleh: Anabila Soraya – 08.11.0114 Dosen Pembimbing: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA April, 2014
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian
: Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Penyusun
: ANABILA SORAYA
NIM
Pembimbing
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Penguji
: Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto
: 08.11.0114
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Semarang, 10 April 2014 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Dekan
Ketua
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arstektur
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN 611086201
Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN 625116302
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian
: Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Penyusun
: ANABILA SORAYA
NIM
Pembimbing
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Penguji
: Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto
: 08.11.0114
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT Semarang, 10 April 2014 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Pembimbing
Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT NIDN 629056402 Penguji
Penguji
Penguji
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT NIDN 627066701
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT NIDN 628126101
Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto NIDN 602066801
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SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya :
Nama
: ANABILA SORAYA
NIM
: 08.11.0114
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode Semester Genap TA. 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian
: Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Pembimbing NIDN
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT : 629056402
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, 10 April 2014 Penulis
ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114
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PRAKATA Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Prposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini. Penulisan proposal ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan menempuh Mata Kuliah Proyek Akhir Arsitektur pada Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Pada kesemapatan ini penulis hendak mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Ketua koordinator PAA Periode LXV sekaligus dosen pembimbing 2. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan StB, MTA selaku dosen Koordinator Studio PAA Perode LXV 3. Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto, Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, dan Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT selaku dosen penguji yang telah member banyak masukan. 4. Bapak, Ibu serta kakak-kakak ku yang selalu member doa, dukungan materi dan moral, semangat dan perhatiannya. 5. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu Atas
segala
bimbingan,
pengarahan,
dan
sarannya,
penulis
mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Semarang, 15 April 2014
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ........................................................................................ i Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ ii Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ iv Prakata ................................................................................................... v Daftar Isi ................................................................................................ vi Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................... xi Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................... xx Daftar Diagram ...................................................................................... xxiii Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................... xxv
BAB I.PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Alasan dan Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ............................. 2 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ........................................... 3 1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Sasaran .......................................................................... 3 1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................. 4 1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ............................................................... 4 1.4.1 Tahap Pemrograman ...................................................... 4 1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ................................... 7 1.4.3 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ..................................... 7 1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................ 9
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BAB II. TIJAUAN PROYEK ................................................................... 11 2.1 Tinjauan Water Park ................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Perkembangan Water Park ............................................. 12 2.1.2 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ............................................. 14 2.1.3 Terminologi ....................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Klasifikasi Wahana Permainan Air .................................... 15 2.1.5 Aktivitas ............................................................................ 17 2.1.6 Pelaku .............................................................................. 18 2.1.7 Waktu Operasional ........................................................... 20 2.1.8 Fasilitas ............................................................................ 20 2.1.9 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................. 21 2.2 Tinjauan Kabupaten Indramayu ............................................... 25 2.2.1 Letak, Luas dan batas kab. Indramayu ......................... 29 2.2.2 Topografi ...................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Iklim ............................................................................. 32 2.2.4 Morfologi ...................................................................... 33 2.2.5 Infrastruktur .................................................................. 34 2.3 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis .................................................. 35 2.3.1 Water Blaster Semarang .............................................. 35 2.3.2 Pandawa Water World Solo .......................................... 43 2.4 Permasalahan Desain ............................................................. 46 2.4.1 Arsitektur ...................................................................... 46 2.4.2 Bangunan ..................................................................... 46 2.4.3 Lingkungan ................................................................... 46 2.5 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ....................................... 47
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2.5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................. 47 2.5.2 Batasan ........................................................................ 47 2.5.3 Anggapan ..................................................................... 47
BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............. 48 3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ............................................... 48 3.1.1 Studi Pelaku .................................................................. 48 3.1.2 Studi Aktivitas ............................................................... 49 3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas, Studi Ruang Khusus, Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................................... 58 3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Outdoor & Indoor .................... 58 3.1.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................... 64 3.1.6 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan ............................ 73 3.1.7 Besaran Ruang ............................................................ 78 3.1.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural .................................................. 92 3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .................................. 93 3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ............................. 93 3.2.2 Studi Sistem Bangunan ................................................. 110 3.2.3 Studi Landscape ........................................................... 115 3.2.4 Studi Area Parkir ........................................................... 120 3.2.5 Studi Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 121 3.2.6 Studi Pemanfaatan Tekhnologi ..................................... 129 3.2.7 Penggunaan Atap Bertanaman ..................................... 137 3.2.8 CCTV ............................................................................ 138 3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 138
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3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................... 144
BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................................................... 152 4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................... 152 4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ................................................. 152 4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ................................................................ 152 4.1.3 Aspek Tekhnologi .......................................................... 153 4.1.4 Ramah Lingkungan ....................................................... 153 4.2 Tujuan Perc, Faktor Penentu Perc, Faktor Persyaratan.......... 154 4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..................................................... 154 4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........................................ 154 4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................. 155 4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................ 157 4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ......................................................... 157 4.3.2 Program Ruang ............................................................. 159 4.3.3 Program Besaran Ruang ............................................... 161 4.3.4 Program Sistem Struktur ............................................... 164 4.3.5 Program Sistem Bangunan ........................................... 169 4.3.5.1 Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ................................ 169 4.3.5.2 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ............................. 170 4.3.6 Program Landscape ...................................................... 171 4.3.7 Program Area Parkir ..................................................... 175 4.3.8 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................. 176 4.3.9 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ........................................... 187
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BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI.......................................................................... 191 5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ............................................ 191 5.1.1 Interpretasi & Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain ......... 191 5.1.2 Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............................................. 192 5.1.3 Filosofi Hundertwasser .................................................. 194 5.1.4 Karakteristik Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............. 195 5.1.5 Ketentuan Penggunaan Keramik ................................... 197 5.1.6 Ciri – Ciri Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser ................... 198 5.1.7 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 198 5.1.8 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 207 5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 208 5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 208 5.2.2 Kajian Teori ................................................................... 209 5.2.3 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 215 5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................................................... 216
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Gambar 2.1 Water Park ......................................................................... 13 Gambar 2.2 Kolam Air Mancur ............................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3 Lazy River .......................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.4 Kolam Anak ........................................................................ 20 Gambar 2.5 Ruang Locker ...................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.6 Foodcourt ............................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.7 Ruang Refleksi .................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.8 Peta Wisata Indramayu ...................................................... 25 Gambar 2.9 Pantai Tirtamaya ................................................................ 25 Gambar 2.10 Koloni Kera Banjar ........................................................... 26 Gambar 2.11 Wisata Pulau Biawak ........................................................ 26 Gambar 2.12 Situ Bolang ....................................................................... 26 Gambar 2.13 Pantai Glayem .................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.14 Pantai Karangsong ........................................................... 27 Gambar 2.15 Pantai Balongan Indah ..................................................... 27 Gambar 2.16 Kampung Wisata Sindang Ayu ......................................... 28 Gambar 2.17 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 30 Gambar 2.18 Peta Kemampuan Lahan .................................................. 33 Gambar 2.19 Peta Infrastuktur Kab. Indramayu ..................................... 34 Gambar 2.20 Pintu Masuk Water Blaster ............................................... 35 Gambar 2.21 Letak Water Blaster .......................................................... 35 Gambar 2.22 Gazebo ............................................................................ 38 Gambar 2.23 Ruang Locker ................................................................... 39
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Gambar 2.24 Ruang Bilas ...................................................................... 39 Gambar 2.25 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 39 Gambar 2.26 Ruang Kesehatan ............................................................. 39 Gambar 2.27 Souvenir Shop .................................................................. 39 Gambar 2.28 Lapangan Futsal .............................................................. 39 Gambar 2.29 Ruang Pertemuan ............................................................ 40 Gambar 2.30 Ruang Gathering .............................................................. 40 Gambar 2.31 Kantor Marketing .............................................................. 40 Gambar 2.32 Map Water Blaster ............................................................ 41 Gambar 2.33 Black Hole Slide ............................................................... 43 Gambar 2.34 Raft Slide ......................................................................... 44 Gambar 2.35 Lazy River ........................................................................ 44 Gambar 2.36 Swimming Pool ................................................................ 44 Gambar 2.37 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 44 Gambar 2.38 Kolam Ombak .................................................................. 44 Gambar 2.39 Play Ground ..................................................................... 44 Gambar 2.40 Map Pandawa Solo .......................................................... 45
Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur Gambar 3.1 Kids Slides .......................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.2 Slide Dewasa ...................................................................... 65 Gambar 3.3 Slide Menggunakan Ban Karet ............................................ 65 Gambar 3.4 Pendaki Konstruksi Baja ..................................................... 66 Gambar 3.5 Pendaki Konstruksi Kayu .................................................... 66 Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Slide Untuk Dewasa .............................................. 67
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Gambar 3.7 Dimensi Slide Menggunakan Ban........................................ 68 Gambar 3.8 Dimensi Slide Untuk Anak .................................................. 68 Gambar 3.9 Lazy River .......................................................................... 69 Gambar 3.10 Lazy River ........................................................................ 69 Gambar 3.11 Shunken Pool Bar ............................................................ 70 Gambar 3.12 Aktivitas Didalam Pool Bar ............................................... 70 Gambar 3.13 Dimensi Whirpool ............................................................. 71 Gambar 3.14 Dimensi Parkir Truck ........................................................ 90 Gambar 3.15 Slide Construction ............................................................ 94 Gambar 3.16 Kurva Penuh .................................................................... 94 Gambar 3.17 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 94 Gambar 3.18 Kombinasi Kurva .............................................................. 94 Gambar 3.19 Konstruksi Penyangga Seluncur ....................................... 94 Gambar 3.20 Plat Baja Penyangga ........................................................ 95 Gambar 3.21 Detail Murbaut Pada Sambungan ..................................... 95 Gambar 3.22 Atap Dak beton ................................................................. 95 Gambar 3.23 Konstruksi Atap Kayu ........................................................ 97 Gambar 3.24 Atap Baja Ringan ............................................................. 98 Gambar 3.25 Atap Space Truss ............................................................. 99 Gambar 3.26 Dinding Masif ................................................................... 100 Gambar 3.27 Struktur Rangka ............................................................... 100 Gambar 3.28 Struktur Dinding Sejajar .................................................... 102 Gambar 3.29 Dinding batu bata ............................................................. 102 Gambar 3.30 Dinding Kaca .................................................................... 103 Gambar 3.31 Batu Alam ......................................................................... 104
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Gambar 3.32 Dinding ACP ..................................................................... 104 Gambar 3.33 Ubin .................................................................................. 105 Gambar 3.34 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................. 107 Gambar 3.35 Pondasi Footplat .............................................................. 108 Gambar 3.37 Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ............................................... 109 Gambar 3.38 Pondasi Dengan Cerucuk Bambu .................................... 110 Gambar 3.39 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela ................................. 111 Gambar 3.40 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ........................ 111 Gambar 3.41 Shadowing ....................................................................... 113 Gambar 3.42 Moonlighting ..................................................................... 113 Gambar 3.43 Uplighting ......................................................................... 113 Gambar 3.44 Lampu Jalan ..................................................................... 113 Gambar 3.45 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 114 Gambar 3.46 Spot Light ......................................................................... 114 Gambar 3.47 Fungsi Tanaman .............................................................. 116 Gambar 3.48 Kran Air ............................................................................ 116 Gambar 3.49 Water Sprinkle System ..................................................... 117 Gambar 3.50 Material Kayu ................................................................... 117 Gambar 3.51 Material Pasir ................................................................... 117 Gambar 3.52 Material Kerikil .................................................................. 117 Gambar 3.53 Material Batu Bata ............................................................ 118 Gambar 3.54 Material Besi .................................................................... 118 Gambar 3.55 Material Alumunium .......................................................... 118 Gambar 3.56 Material Fiber ................................................................... 118 Gambar 3.57 Material Beton .................................................................. 118
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Gambar 3.58 Pergola ............................................................................. 119 Gambar 3.59 Papan Penunjuk Jalan ..................................................... 119 Gambar 3.60 Bangku Taman ................................................................. 119 Gambar 3.61 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 119 Gambar 3.62 Gazebo ............................................................................ 119 Gambar 3.63 Air Mancur ........................................................................ 119 Gambar 3.64 Sclupture .......................................................................... 119 Gambar 3.65 Rambu-rambu .................................................................. 120 Gambar 3.66 Jenis Parkir ...................................................................... 120 Gambar 3.67 Area Parkir ....................................................................... 121 Gambar 3.68 Fire Hidrant ...................................................................... 126 Gambar 3.69 Pillar Hydrant .................................................................... 126 Gambar 3.70 Sprinkle ............................................................................ 126 Gambar 3.71 Smoke Detectore .............................................................. 127 Gambar 3.72 Lapisan Panel Surya ........................................................ 129 Gambar 3.73 Bagian Panel Surya .......................................................... 130 Gambar 3.74 Panel Surya Dengan Inverter ........................................... 132 Gambar 3.75 Rangkaian Sel Surya ........................................................ 133 Gambar 3.76 Jenis Polikristal ................................................................ 136 Gambar 3.77 Jenis Monokristal .............................................................. 136 Gambar 3.78 Lapisan Tanaman Pada Atap ........................................... 137 Gambar 3.79 CCTV ............................................................................... 138 Gambar 3.80 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 141 Gambar 3.81 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 .................................... 145 Gambar 3.82 Peta CAD Tapak 1 ........................................................... 145
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Gambar 3.83 Foto Ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 ............................. 146 Gambar 3.84 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .................................... 148 Gambar 3.85 Peta CAD Tapak 2 ........................................................... 148 Gambar 3.86 Foto ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .............................. 149
Bab IV. Program Arsitektur Gambar 4.1 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158 Gambar 4.2 Slide Construction ............................................................. 164 Gambar 4.3 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 164 Gambar 4.4 Struktur Seluncur ............................................................... 164 Gambar 4.5 Pondasi Batu Kali Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ...................... 167 Gambar 4.6 Pondasi Footplat Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ........................ 167 Gambar 4.7 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela .................................. 169 Gambar 4.8 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ......................... 169 Gambar 4.9 Lampu Taman ................................................................... 170 Gambar 4.10 Spot Light Kolam Renang ................................................ 170 Gambar 4.11 Spot Light Pohon ............................................................. 170 Gambar 4.12 Estetika Lampu Dalam Ruang ......................................... 171 Gambar 4.13 Pohon Tanjung ................................................................ 172 Gambar 4.14 Pohon Asem Jawa .......................................................... 172 Gambar 4.15 Pohon Trembesi .............................................................. 172 Gambar 4.16 Pohon Palem Poenix ....................................................... 172 Gambar 4.17 Pohon Glodokan Tiang .................................................... 172 Gambar 4.18 Batu Bata ........................................................................ 172 Gambar 4.19 Batu Alam ........................................................................ 172
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Gambar 4.20 Paving Block Berumput ................................................... 173 Gambar 4.21 Bangku Taman ................................................................ 173 Gambar 4.22 Gazebo ........................................................................... 173 Gambar 4.23 Lampu Jalan .................................................................... 173 Gambar 4.24 Lampu Taman ................................................................. 173 Gambar 4.25 Sclupture ......................................................................... 174 Gambar 4.26 Rambu-rambu ................................................................. 174 Gambar 4.27 Papan Penunjuk Jalan .................................................... 174 Gambar 4.28 Tong Sampah .................................................................. 174 Gambar 4.29 Area Parkir ...................................................................... 175 Gambar 4.30 Area Parkir Tampak Depan ............................................. 175 Gambar 4.31 Area Parkir Tampak Atas ................................................ 175 Gambar 4.32 Fire Hydrant .................................................................... 176 Gambar 4.33 Pillar Hydrant ................................................................... 176 Gambar 4.34 Sprinkle ........................................................................... 176 Gambar 4.35 Smoke Detectore ............................................................. 176 Gambar 4.36 Jet Pump ......................................................................... 177 Gambar 4.38 Sistem Sirkulasi Air Kolam .............................................. 178 Gambar 4.39 Pompa Air ....................................................................... 179 Gambar 4.40 Filter ................................................................................ 179 Gambar 4.41 Heater ............................................................................. 179 Gambar 4.42 Return ............................................................................. 179 Gambar 4.43 Tank Water Treatment ..................................................... 181 Gambar 4.44 Skema Water Treatment System ..................................... 181 Gambar 4.45 Peta CAD Alternatif Tapak 2 ........................................... 187
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Gambar 4.46 Kondisi Jalan ................................................................... 187 Gambar 4.47 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 187 Gambar 4.48 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 188 Gambar 4.49 Kondisi Sungai Pada Tapak ............................................ 188 Gambar 4.50 Vegetasi Pada Tapak ...................................................... 188 Gambar 4.51 Kondisi Jalan Tapak ........................................................ 188
Bab V. Kajian Teori Gambar 5.1 Tree Tenants ....................................................................... 195 Gambar 5.2 Window Right ...................................................................... 196 Gambar 5.3 Uneven Floor....................................................................... 196 Gambar 5.4 Hot Springs Village .............................................................. 198 Gambar 5.5 Atap Hot Springs Village ..................................................... 199 Gambar 5.6 Fasad Bangunan Hot Springs Village .................................. 199 Gambar 5.7 The Forest Spiral ................................................................. 200 Gambar 5.8 Fasad Menara The Forest Spiral ......................................... 201 Gambar 5.9 Pohon Kontrol Radiasi Matahari .......................................... 210 Gambar 5.10 Pohon Pengendali Angin ................................................... 210 Gambar 5.11 Pohon Peredam Bising ...................................................... 210 Gambar 5.12 Pohon Penyaring Udara .................................................... 211 Gambar 5.13 Pohon Kelapa .................................................................... 211 Gambar 5.14 Pohon Flamboyant ............................................................ 211 Gambar 5.15 Pohon Beringin .................................................................. 211 Gambar 5.16 Ruang Bentuk Lorong ....................................................... 213 Gambar 5.17 Ruang Bentuk Linier .......................................................... 213
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Gambar 5.18 Ruang Bentuk Geometris .................................................. 213 Gambar 5.19 Ruang Bentuk Mekanis ..................................................... 213 Gambar 5.20 Pencapaian Frontal ........................................................... 214 Gambar 5.21 Pencapaian Kesamping .................................................... 214 Gambar 5.22 Pencapaian Memutar ........................................................ 214 Gambar 5.23 Waterboom Bali ................................................................. 215
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DAFTAR TABEL Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Tabel 2.1 Waktu Operasional ................................................................. 20 Tabel 2.2 Data Kunjungan Wisatawan .................................................. 28 Tabel 2.3 Data Perkembangan Pengunjung ........................................... 28 Tabel 2.4 Luas Wilayah Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ........................... 29 Tabel 2.5 Data Pengunjung Water Blaster ............................................. 37 Tabel 2.6 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water Blaster ..................................... 42 Tabel 2.7 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water World ...................................... 45
Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokkan Pelaku ........................................................ 49 Tabel 3.2 Aktivitas Utama ...................................................................... 51 Tabel 3.3 Aktivitas Pendukung Utama .................................................... 51 Tabel 3.4 Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................. 52 Tabel 3.5 Aktivitas Servis ........................................................................ 54 Tabel 3.6 Keterangan Waktu Aktivitas Pelaku ........................................ 57 Tabel 3.7 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................... 60 Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................... 63 Tabel 3.9 Studi Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................... 73 Tabel 3.10 Data Pengunjung Wisata Situ Bolang ................................... 74 Tabel 3.11 Besaran Ruang Area Wahana Permainan Air ...................... 78 Tabel 3.12 Besaran Ruang Area Pendukung Utama .............................. 80 Tabel 3.13 Besaran Ruang Area Penunjang .......................................... 83 Tabel 3.14 Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ........................................... 84
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Tabel 3.15 Besaran Ruang Area Servis ................................................. 87 Tabel 3.16 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Indoor ..................................... 90 Tabel 3.17 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Outdoor .................................. 91 Tabel 3.18 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Beton .................................... 96 Tabel 3.19 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Kayu ..................................... 97 Tabel 3.20 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Baja Ringan .......................... 98 Tabel 3.21 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Space Truss ......................... 99 Tabel 3.22 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Masif ................................ 101 Tabel 3.23 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Rangka ............................ 101 Tabel 3.24 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Dinding Sejajar ................ 102 Tabel 3.25 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Batu Bata ......................... 103 Tabel 3.26 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Kaca ................................ 103 Tabel 3.27 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Batu Alam ..................................... 104 Tabel 3.28 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding ACP ................................. 104 Tabel 3.29 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Ubin .............................................. 106 Tabel 3.30 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Batu Kali ......................... 107 Tabel 3.31 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Footplat ........................... 108 Tabel 3.32 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ........... 109 Tabel 3.33 Kecamatan di Kab. Indramayu ............................................. 139 Tabel 3.34 Keadaan Geografis Wilayah Kab. Indramayu ....................... 141
Bab IV. Program Arsitektur Tabel 4.1 Program Ruang ...................................................................... 159 Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Indoor ......................................... 162 Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Outdoor ...................................... 162
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Bab V. Kajian Teori Tabel 5.1 Analisis Bangunan Karya Hundertwasser ............................... 202 Tabel 5.2 Peletakan Tanaman ............................................................... 212
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM Bab I. Pendahuluan Diagram 1.1 Bagian Alur Pikir ............................................................... 8
Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ........................................... 19
Bab III. Analisa pendekatan Program Arsitektur Diagram 3.1 Skema Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ...................................... 55 Diagram 3.2 Skema Pola Aktivitas Pengelola dan Karyawan ................. 56 Diagram 3.3 Skema Pola Aktivitas Servis .............................................. 56 Diagram 3.4 Zoning Makro ..................................................................... 62 Diagram 3.5 Zoning Mikro ...................................................................... 63 Diagram 3.6 Pola Aktivitas Pendaki ....................................................... 66 Diagram 3.7 Proses Pembuatan Kolam Renang .................................... 72 Diagram 3.8 Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................... 110 Diagram 3.9 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ........................................................ 121 Diagram 3.10 Aliran Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................ 122 Diagram 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ......................................... 123 Diagram 3.12 Jaringan Air Kolam .......................................................... 123 Diagram 3.13 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ......................................... 124 Diagram 3.14 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 125 Diagram 3.15 Sistem Komunikasi Eksternal............................................ 125 Diagram 3.16 Sistem Penanganan Kebakaran ...................................... 128
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Bab IV. Program Arsitektur Diagram 4.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................. 157 Diagram 4.2 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158 Diagram 4.3 Skenario Hubungan Antar Ruang ...................................... 160 Diagram 4.4 Pencahayaan Alami ............................................................ 169 Diagram 4.5 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih.................................................. 177 Diagram 4.6 Jet Pump ............................................................................ 176 Diagram 4.7 Skema Water Treatment System ........................................ 178 Diagram 4.8 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ............................................ 182 Diagram 4.9 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................ 183 Diagram 4.10 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ....................................................... 184 Diagram 4.11 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 185 Diagram 4.12 Sistem Komunikasi Ekternal ............................................. 186
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