Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta BAKALÁ SKÁ PRÁCE Kateryna Stashevska

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta

BAKALÁSKÁ PRÁCE

2011

Kateryna Stashevska

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta

Katedra rusistiky a lingvodidaktiky

    !           

Autor: Kateryna Stashevska

Vedoucí práce: PaedDr. Antonín Hlaváek

Praha 2011

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Title Crimean period and its influence on the life and work of Marina Tsvetaeva.

Summary This work contains the description of Crimean period of Marina Tsvetaeva's poetry, the friendship and spiritual influence of Maximilian Voloshin, their correspondence. Here you can find the most popular verses from that time. The Crimean life of Tsvetaeva is considered to be the beginning of her creative career, gaining of popularity in wider literary circles. The reflection of Maximilian Voloshin's personality in her early and later work and memoirs is also presented here. Crimea for Marina Tsvetaeva is as well a place where she met her husband, found new friends. Every year of her stay in Crimea is described here in detail. While examining particular Crimean poems, we can also follow the changing of her as a poet. In addition, this work contains some verses of Maximilian Voloshin which are dedicated to Marina Tsvetaeva.

Key words Crimea Yalta Gurzuf Koktebel Feodosiya «Evening Album» «A Living Word About a Living Man» Maximilian Voloshin Sergei Efron Elena Ottobaldovna Voloshina

Prohlauji, e jsem bakaláskou práci vypracovala pod vedením PaedDr. Antonína Hlaváka samostatn na základ vlastních zjitní a za pou ití pramen uveden ch v seznamu.

Praha, 4 dubna 2011 ..........................................................

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31

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'/$*)1,) 32 /290$62- 0)(&)*?)- '2/2&) +$ 1)). $.5, B 7&)4)1$, ;62 6> 1) 32/A%,
57.,7 2-,7 :*79613). "C ,7+791AD, 76 -74/.6 *C;D 4<@A. 1-,7 141 76 *<-.; 847>. “En poesie, comme en amour, rester a la meme place – c’est reculer?” (=9. “ 87E011, 3)3 1 + 4F*+1, 7:;);D:G 6) 7-675 1 ;75 /. 5.:;. – 06)@1; 7;:;<8);D?”). &;7 89.39):6C. :47+), :87:7*6C. +77-)4).  7-1; +;7972 :*79613 87E;) – «74A.*6C2 =76)9D». 67,1. ;.5C 7:;)41:D

89./6151,

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391;131

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89.-8747/.61., @;7 :;1>1, [email protected]. + 67+C2 :*79613, *C41 6)81:)6C .B. -7 87G+4.61G 8.9+7,7, «[email protected].,7 )4D*75)». "7,-) 891@16) 6)41@1G -)6672 ;.5);131 :;)67+1;:G G:6). 8.9+C. + 67+75 :*79613. 87G+4G.;:G 8.9:76) )3:15141)6) 747A16). 7 6. ;.8.9.A6.,7, 6. +097:47,7, ) 5)4.6D37,7 )3:), 5.@;)+A.,7 <+1-.;D )9- ;1?<. 9<,72 67+C2 8.9:76)/ – !.9,.2 &=976: «)*1. /…/ C /1+.5 6) 4-75 E;)/., < :)57,7 6.*).  6)A.5 -+79. :;)9166C2 =76;)6 : )5<975. C 567,7 :615).5. <-D ;)3 514, <06)2 56. 87:379.2 )-9.: -.4)1-C )015197+6C, [email protected] ;.*G 897A
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)4.957 4 )89.4G 1912 ,7-).  :.6;G*9. 1912 ,7-) < )916C %+.;).+72 1 !.9,.G &=976) 97/-).;:G -7@D 91)-6). 9.:;6C51 97-1;.4G51 *C41 +)6 4)-15197+1@ %+.;).+ 1 4.6) ;;7*)4D-7+6) 747A16) (« 9)»).  =.+9)4. 1913 ,7-) +C>7-1; + :+.; ;9.;12 :*79613 )916C %+.;).+72 – «0 -+<> 361,», ;)3/. 76) 9)*7;).; 6)- :4.-1» 1912-1915, 37;79)G ;)3 1 6. *C4) 6)8.@);)6).

46

IV

1913 – 1914

.  .   1. -)1$ $*:, *1 « ,6*$ ./$*= 1913 "-# -*-7', 2$&%$1 ! -)1$ $*:; !0)-/$ 12# -1./!*=$10= 0 0$+:$( !$1$! ' %'!$1 1+ #- 14 !"201. $19/$ +$0=5 0601*'!-( %'&,'» (8, 0. 46). « -)1$ $*$ 0$+:=

9* ./',=1, )) !0$"#, -0- $,,- /#27,-. -*-7',

/'02$1 #*= /',9 )/1',2; /', ' $/$% #/=1 “/” 0!-' ),'"' 0 .-0!=8$,'=+', -,' 62!01!2<1 0$ = -)/2%$,,9+' 1+-03$/-( #/2% 9 ' .-,'+,'=, )-1-/= -0- $,,*"-1!-/,- #$(01!2$1 , 1!-/6$01!- !$1$!-(. -!-$ 62!01!- 2!$/$,,-01' ! 0$ $ ' ! 0!-$( 1!-/6$0)-( 0'*$ 0*97'10= ! &,+$,'194 01/-)4 -1 13 += 1913 "-#, ,.'0,,94 ! -)1$ $*$: “-'+ 01'4+, ,.'0,,9+ 1) /,-”. ,$1 *' -, ! 0-*,$6,-+ $&& -1,-+ -)1$ $*$ 1913 "-#, ,0)-*:)- -, ./! ! 1-+, - 6$+ "-!-/'1?  ./-#-*%$,'$ !0$( 0!-$( %'&,' !$1$! 06'1* ;1' 01'4' -#,'+' '& 0!-'4 0+94 !%,94: “-/+2* – ,.$/$# !0$ +-$( .'01$*:0)-( (' 6$*-!$6$0)-() 02#: 9”, – .'0* -, !0)2 4 ./$*= 1933 "-# ' #- !*=*: “ !0$ &,* – -1/-#=0:”» (5, 0. 101). «1'4' !$0,9 – *$1 1913 "-# ('4 0-4/,'*-0: .=1,#51: '*' 621: -*:7$) .0/!,$,'< 0 ./$#9#28'+' – -*$$ “!&/-0*9$”; ! ,'4 01*- -*:7$ “-01/94 62!01!”. 0*' ! “$6$/,$+ *: -+$” ' “-*7$ ,-+ 3-,/$” ;"-5$,1/'&+ 01'4-! 0+="6*0= $&&8'1,-01:< ' .$6*:<, 1- 1$.$/: ! ,'4 2*!*'!$10= -11$,-) '& /,,'6$01! *'/'6$0)-( "$/-','. -%*2(, 0 ;1-"- +-+$,1 +-%,- -*$$ '*' +$,$$ -./$#$*$,,"-!-/'1: - !*'=,'' , !$1$!2 #-/-"-( $( “1$,'” /'' 7)'/5$!-(.  01'4' $$ ./'4-#=1 +90*' - ,$'& $%,-01' )-,5; 2#$* *< -( <,-01', /,- '*' .-&#,&#2+9!<8$(0= ,# ;1'+. #,)- +90*' - 02#: $ ' *'6,-01' 7)'/5$!-(, ,$0-+,$,,-, $8$ 0'*:,$$ .-#-"/$!*' -828$,'= 0+-( !$1$!-(:

!! – #  !   !   ,  " !,  . («-0!=8< ;1' 01/-)'…»)

47

%" +,*(. +,"/(,(*'"8 «25, ' &'8 )(/( "#…» ()(+%+,"" (,*(2''8):   0'(+," ' )*" &%4! 0 & & '5 )(* %"?  ,$ ' .(, %  ! &%4  %4"&(# &( # ! &%"! '(2+$"# 6(0',*"!&, ('$(, +(1,,+8 + -"",%5'4& )*(!*'"& +(( --3( ( -  *' -)(&8'-,(& +,"/(,(*'"" «("& +,"/&, ')"+''4& ,$ *'(…»): …!*(+''2&  )2%" )( &!"'&, –  ". '"$,( ' *% " '  * ,, – ("& +,".&, $$ *(/ ''2& "'&, +,' , +(# 0 * .  *8(& – '$( +&(%7('": « (' + &(# (%52(# %7(57  +(+,''(# +(# -2», «4, "-3" &"&( &'8  ' &("& " +(&'",%5'4& 1*&», – $$ '"'( 6,( !-1",! "*"1+$8 *("'8 +( %,, 1,( (+,%+5 ')('8,(#: $((  &(' ( &' 2   0'(+,3 -)-+,"%! ( 4%( 4 '+)*%"4& 41",,5 "! 6,"/ +%( ('( %"25 4+($( &''" ,(* ( + (&$+"&%"!& 7'(+,"!). 0,"%,'88 , )**$, +(+,''-7 +-5-: « !'7, 1,( '" )* $&  -- 8 )*». ' +&(,*",  !*,,  *8-3-7 +(7 "!'5, $( +,(%$',+8 + ')('"&'"& *-"&"  -2", + /(%('(+,57  (,, '  %7(5, + %-/(,(# $  ,(*1+,-. &''( ( 6,(& – )(+%'" +,*($" 0","*-&(( +,"/(,(*'"8: ( )(&'", , 0,( - , +-, !51"#, $$ +,* %, ( ' (%((# % +'-,  )%& ''2. $*2%. («", ! – (# (%(+ '&…»). 48

&$ 2'1)11>9 .4>/$ – @626 &3)4&>) 32B&,&<,-5B 2%4$+ 342-()6 ;)4)+ &5A 32@+,A !&)6$)&2-. %4$+ .4>/$62'2 )1,B &(2912&)1,B, 3$4B=)'2 1$( 32@620… (1$.2 @62 342+4)1,) – /,4$*$)6 4$(256? 2%=)1,B 5 %/,+.,0,.  5)5642- 5)-, 5 .26242- 7 1)) 32/12) &+$,02321,0$1,), 71,521: ( (#$"(   $ , ( #$"(.

  #$,    *,    #  –  ##$"(. («5)»). 1$ /A%7)65B 07*)0, &>&2(B )'2 420$16,;)5.,- 32464)6: #$) $   #, $ # '),   $ "*, $ !"') &%#. #$) " (  $  "*. («)4')A "8421-7412&2»).  3,5?0$9 . . . )/?(<6)-17 (&325/)(56&,, – 07* )4> "8421) $4,1$ 32(42%12 23,5>&$)6 5&2A .2.6)%)/?5.7A *,+1?, &)5)/>) 342'7/.,, ,+2%4$*$)6 & 1,9 5 A02420 5&2) 62'($<1)) 2.47*)1,). /$'2($4B 2/2<,17, $ 6$.*) 52&5)0 A1207 62'($ %7(7=)07 97(2*1,.7 )21,(7 )-1%)4'7, 5()/$&<,0 012*)56&2 51,0.2&, 5294$1,/5B «.2.6)%)/?5.,-» 2%/,. $4,1> !&)6$)&2-. $ 8262'4$8,B9 1911 '2($ 7 1)) 37<,56>), ;76? &?A=,)5B &2/25> (6$.,0, 21, 1$ .2426.2) &4)0B 5()/$/,5? 325/) 62'2, .$. 21$ 2%4,/$ '2/2&7 & 1910 '2(7).  1913 '2(7 )) 2%/,. 1)5.2/?.2 0)1B)65B: 2.47'/256? 70)1?<$)65B, ;)46> 56$12&B65B 2564)), 3428,/? 5642*). 97(<,&<))5B +(242&?) )4')B 1) 32+&2/,/2 )07 '262&,6?5B . @.+$0)1$0 & ',01$+,A; 21 2634$&/B)65B 7;,6?5B & #/67, & 5$1$624,- /).5$1(4$ III. « #/6) 0> 26%,/,5? 26 47..

2(,0 ;76? /, 1) )*)(1)&12 & .,1)0$62'4$8», –

3,<)6 21 & $&'756) 5)564) )4)» (8, 5. 46-49). 15 $&'756$ $4,1$ 2(1$ 34,+*$)6 & 25.&7, 92;)6 342($6? ,9 (20 1$ 2/B1.), 12 &5.24) 32 )) 34,)+(7 34,592(,6 1)5;$56?): 30 $&'756$ 70,4$)6 )) 26):, &$1 49

*#'+'/-!'5 !$1$!. 0$ $"- #$1' ! :1- !/$+< (/',, 0<, *$/'<, ,#/$() 52#-+ -)&*'09 ! -0)!$ ' 0+-"*' 819 0 ,'+ /<#-+. & -0)!8 /', 2$&%$1 - /1,- , ;" *'69 8 0$,1< /<.  :1-+2 !/$+$,' $/$% 2%$ 0,<* )-+,12 ! *1$, &,<, 51- -, 4-5$1 ./'$419 ) *',-+2 #,; /-%#$,'<.  <*1',0)-+2 1!-/5$01!2 !$1$!-( -1,-0<10< 01'4-1!-/$,'<, .-0!<7$,,8$ (/-,2 ' 26)',2. (/-, -, '&- /%$1 /-+,1'5$0)'+ "$/-$+:  ,%2 ' ,+) /" *$0,  ,+) /!- &", ' '.&,$!*1 %'&'% '+ *& 0,  ''% $3 $2". («(/-,2»). «-!0$+ ',5$ !-- /%$1 !$1$! !01/$52 0 26)',8+. , -727$1 $"1)'+ %$ /$*9,8+ 027$01!-+, )) ' -, 0+; $+2 +-%,- /0.4,219 #262, 51- -, ' #$*$1: “01/$5 0 26)',8+” – 01'4-1!-/$,'$-'0.-!$#9, -,- ,$ - 26)',$,  - ,$( 0+-(: ,/#!&! 0 &$ 0 (' ()'%,  '),, +' , +3 & (,+!.  ()'*!3$ 0, ! (' ),#,  '),  ()$'!$ %& !+!. , 8 6* /<#-+, “,$ -.'/<09 , 0+2"*2; /2)2”, .-1-+2 51- $$ *'/'5$0)< "$/-',< – .-:1,  ,$ .-:1$00; -, 26)',2 1-!/'7, 0- /1. $ /-!,<, ,- – “)-**$"” ./$+$0*2. 26)', +-*5'1; -,, ,$0)-*9)- /'02<09, '0.-!$#2$10<: .$/$5'0*<$1 !0$, 51*; '1, 51- $( #-/-"-, !0; ;,-6$0)2; “+$6,',2” 52!01! ' ./'01/01'(: “-+$#',1-! ' &!-, 1+ 2/',, -*-1- ' 0$/$ /-, $.-!1-/'+-$ '+<: /',, (/-, ' -*$/-…”. 26)', +-*5'1, “1) "/201,-, 1) +'*- -,)'( - ,
50

2.

*3)36-C

«2* 45-=036@ 367%7@6C *>* 2% 1*6C;, – 4-=*7 #9532 30 6*27C&5C 6*675* *5*. –  2%<%0* 23C&5C 1? '?*,+%*1». « /32;* 6*27C&5C 67%03 C623, <73 0*<*2-* *5(*C 28+23 453)30+%7@». )2%/3, 5*=*2-* *:%7@ ' 36/'8 '2*,%423 -,1*2-036@. 14 3/7C&5C !'*7%*'% 4-=*7 *5*: «360*,%'75% C 6 0*. - 2C2*. *)8 '

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*3)36-B; ** 63453'3+)%*7

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79

Résumé Po mnoho desetiletí byl dm Maxmiliána Volo ina v Koktebelu na Krymu kulturním a literárním centrem. Sám Volo in vznamnm zpsobem ovlivnil mnoho zaínajících spisovatel. Setkání Cvtajevové s Volo inem patí k nejvznamnj ím událostem v ivot mladé básníky. Volo in byl první, kdo vysoce ohodnotil její dílo, kdy napsal recenzi na její první sbírku básní. Krymské období bylo u Cvtajevové velmi plodné. Bhem pobytu v Koktebelu se seznámila se svm budoucím manelem, Sergejem Efronem. Na vliv Volo inovy osobnosti bude Marina Cvtajevová vzpomínat je t mnoho let po jejich setkání. Ve své rt «ivé o ivém» Cvtajevová charakterizuje Volo ina – básníka i Volo ina – lovka. Zdrazuje Volo inv vliv i na dal í básníky, pro které se “koktebelsk ráj” stal také vchozím bodem tvorby. V dosplosti byla Cvtajevová na Krymu ptkrát. Nejdéle zde pobvala v letech 1913-14. Zvlá tní vznam v pátelství s Volo inem má také jejich korespondence. Cvtajevová vnuje Volo inovi i nkolik svch ranch básní. Sama Cvtajevová byla pro Volo ina nejen velkm básníkem, ale zárove osobností a pítelem. Jeho vliv na její tvorbu je bezesporn.

80

      : 1. ' $, . /. AI=. #DC63?59C6<J. %9=E6A?@?<J, 1914. %. 562 2. «-"%-», O9. #A996 ; «9C6A1CDA>?: 4186C6». <13>I: A651;C?A "$'!" . 1992 4, ?B;31. 3. &!", . ., (##", %9=E6A?@?<J, 2009. ISBN 966-96744-2-5

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?B;31, 1911.

7. %0!*, ., !')!, ., % !", . 1A9>1 *36C1631. %?2A1>96 B?H9>6>9: 3 B6=9 C?=1F. &?= 6. #9BJ=1. ?B;31, .<<9B 1;, 1995. SBN 5-7195-0017-0 (&. 6). 8. %0!*, . 98>J *36C163?:. 6BB=6AC>1M @C9G1 – E6>9;B. %6A9M «6BB=6AC>I6 9=6>1». ?B;31, *6>CA@?<94A1E, 2000. ISBN 5-227-00937-6 9. %0!*, ., !')!, . 1A9>1 *36C1631. (?C?<6C?@9BJ 798>9 @?KC1. ?B;31 : .<<9B 1;, 2000. ISBN 5-88889-049-9 10. *&, . ?B@?=9>1>9M. +. 2.

?B;31, 1981.

11. *&, . ?B@?=9>1>9M. «%?3. @9B1C6<J»,

?B;31, 1983.

12. « », O8, 1984. 13. M. C. Muj zivotopis. M Cvetajevova: Hodina duse     : 1. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/$63?
81

6. http://www.maxvoloshin.ru/?page=475dd28d-4fa6-4f6b-bee685ec0fb0d58c&item=2cb598eb-f325-4119-b205-8404b57c2183&type=page 7. http://www.maxvoloshin.ru/?page=466c991a-ffce-4287-9edd095bd6478a4a&item=2cb598eb-f325-4119-b205-8404b57c2183&type=page 8. http://www.maxvoloshin.ru/audiobiography/ 9. http://www.maxvoloshin.ru/?page=8eaa8b91-ad33-4f0c-8410fa93ea02ee01&item=2cb598eb-f325-4119-b205-8404b57c2183&type=page 10. http://www.kimmeria.com/kimmeria/feodosiya/museum_cvetaeva_main.htm 11. http://az.lib.ru/w/woloshin_m_a/text_0096.shtml   : +!.'+')&!4: 1. , . . )!& +. '$&' *')&! ('3 !!, ()' 1, )%+,)!!  '&'% +'%. '*# : $2--#&!, 2008. ISBN 978-5-9922-0041-6 '+')-!!: 1.http://photo.tsvetayeva.com/categories.php?cat_id=10&sessionid=e8f0e5f7e351f2d1a35 c9a1d20ae44fe 2. +&1 -'+')-!! %, 4 **+) +1. ! ')1 * ()'-!$% '$'0!&  4+1 ! $!/&'' ).! +') &&'" )'+1 3. http://www.maxvoloshin.ru/self_portraits/ 4. http://koktebel.kr.ua/uploads/posts/foto/1274198034_1.jpeg

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