THESIS RELIGIOUS TERMS IN THE PERFECTION OF YOGA AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN KESEMPURNAAN YOGA
I GUSTI AYU MAHATMA AGUNG
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015
i
THESIS RELIGIOUS TERMS IN THE PERFECTION OF YOGA AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN KESEMPURNAAN YOGA
I GUSTI AYU MAHATMA AGUNG NIM 1290161045
MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTICS PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015
ii
RELIGIOUS TERMS IN THE PERFECTION OF YOGA AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN KESEMPURNAAN YOGA
Thesis as a fulfillment to obtain a Master Degree in Translation Studies, Postgraduate Program, Udayana University
I GUSTI AYU MAHATMA AGUNG NIM 1290161045
MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTICS PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015 iii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis has been approved on August 10, 2015
by
Supervisor I,
Supervisor II,
Prof. Dr. N.L. Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. NIP 19590917 198403 2 002
Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum. NIP 19620916 198702 2 001
Acknowledged by
Head of Master Program in Linguistics Department Postgraduate Program
Director of Postgraduate Program Udayana University
Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A. NIP 19521225 197903 1 004
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp. S (K) NIP 19590215 198510 2 001
iv
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Examiners on August 10, 2015
According to the Decree of Rector of Udayana University No.
: 587/UN14.14.I.2/2015
Date
: August 10, 2015
The Board of Examiners: Chairman
: Prof. Dr. N.L. Sutjiati Beratha, M.A.
Members
: 1. Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum. 2. Prof. Dr. I Nengah Sudipa, M.A. 3. Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum. 4. Dr. I Made Netra, M.Hum.
v
PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT
Saya yang bertandatangan di bawah ini:
Nama
: I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung
NIM
: 1290161045
Program Studi : Magister (S2) Linguistik, Konsentrasi Penerjemahan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana Jusul Tesis
: Religious Terms in The Perfection of Yoga and Their Translations in Kesempurnaan Yoga.
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah tesis ini bebas plagiat.
Apabila di kemudian hari terdapat plagiat dalam karya ilmiah ini, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi sesuai peraturan Mendiknas Republik Indonesia No. 17 tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Perundangan yang berlaku.
Denpasar, 30 April 2015
I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa for giving me the blessing and strength to finish this thesis as a requirement to obtain a Master’s Degree in Linguistics, specifically Translation Studies. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD, the Rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K), the Director of School of Postgraduate Program, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A., the Head of Master Program in Linguistics Department, and all lecturers and staffs in the Master Program in Linguistics Department. My huge gratitude and appreciation goes to my first supervisor, Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. and my second supervisor, Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum., for their great support, guidance and suggestions in the process of completing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to the Board of Examiners, Prof. Dr. I Nengah Sudipa, M.A., Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum, and Dr. I Made Netra, S.S., M.Hum. for giving me important suggestions and constructive criticisms in order to make my thesis better. My great appreciation also goes to all administration staffs of Linguistics Program, I Ketut Ebuh, S.Sos., Nyoman Adi Triani, S.E., I Gusti Ayu Supadmini and I Nyoman Sadra, S.S. for helping me with the adminstration and supporting me during my study.
vii
I would like to dedicate this thesis to my beloved father, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Suryawan, S.T., S.Ag., M.M. and my beloved mother, Dr. Ir. I Gusti Ayu Ari Agung, S.Ag., M.Kes. My deepest gratitude goes to them, because of their unconditional love, support and prayers, I can finally finish this thesis. I would also like to say many thanks to my sister, I Gusti Ayu Mahadewi, for supporting and listening to me during difficult time.
Denpasar, 30 April 2015
I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung
viii
ABSTRAK ISTILAH-ISTILAH RELIGIUS DALAM BUKU THE PERFECTION OF YOGA DAN TERJEMAHANNYA DALAM BUKU KESEMPURNAAN YOGA Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penerjemahan istilah-istilah religius, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan prosedur penerjemahan dan ideologi penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan istilah-istilah religius. Data tesis ini diambil dari buku yang berjudul ‘The Perfection of Yoga’ yang ditulis oleh Prabhupāda dan versi terjemahannya yang berjudul ‘Kesempurnaan Yoga’. Data dalam penelitian ini mencakup istilah-istilah religius dalam bentuk kata, frasa dan ungkapan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi yang digunakan bersamaan dengan teknik mencatat. Data yang relevan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Metode tersebut didukung oleh metode kuantitatif sederhana untuk menghitung jumlah prosedur penerjemahan yang diterapkan. Data yang telah dianalisis disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Teori prosedur penerjemahan yang dikemukakan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet digunakan untuk menganalisis masalah pertama mengenai prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan istilah-istilah religius. Setelah melakukan analisis tentang prosedur penerjemahan, masalah kedua menyangkut ideologi penerjemahan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori ideologi penerjemahan yang dikemukakan oleh Hatim dan Mason. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sepuluh prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah-istilah religius. Prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan adalah borrowing, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, amplification, reduction, explicitation dan particularization. Sebagai tambahan, terdapat gabungan dua prosedur penerjemahan. Mengenai ideologi penerjemahan, foreignisasi dengan persentase sebesar 61.12% menjadi ideologi penerjemahan yang dominan, sedangkan domestikasi memiliki persentase sebesar 38.88%.
Kata kunci:
istilah-istilah religius, prosedur penerjemahan, ideologi penerjemahan, foreignisasi, domestikasi.
9
ABSTRACT RELIGIOUS TERMS IN THE PERFECTION OF YOGA AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS IN KESEMPURNAAN YOGA
This thesis aims at investigating the translation of religious terms, particularly the translation procedures and ideology of translation applied in translating the religious terms. The data was taken from a book entitled ‘The Perfection of Yoga’ written by Prabhupāda and the translated version entitled ‘Kesempurnaan Yoga’. The data in this study consists of religious terms in form of words, phrases and expressions. The data was collected by using observation method which was applied at once with the implementation of note-taking technique. The relevant data was analyzed by applying qualitative method since the analysis was conducted in descriptive sentences. It is supported by simple quantitative method to calculate the numbers of translation procedures applied. The analyzed data was presented by using formal and informal methods. Theory of translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet was applied to analyze the first problem regarding procedures of translation applied in translating the religious terms. After conducting the analysis of translation procedures, the second problem regarding the ideology of translation was analyzed by implementing the theory of ideology of translation proposed by Hatim and Mason. The result shows that there are ten translation procedures applied to translate the religious terms. The translation procedures are borrowing, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, amplification, reduction, explicitation and particularization. In addition, there is a combination of two translation procedures. In regard to ideology of translation, foreignization with total percentage of 61.12% comes out as the dominant ideology of translation. It is followed by domestication with total percentage of 38.88%.
Keywords: religious terms, procedures of translation, ideology of translation, foreignization, domestication.
10
TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER…………………………………………………………………….. PREREQUISITE TITLE................................................................................ APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………. BOARD OF EXAMINERS ………………………………………….......... PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT............................................................ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................. ABSTRAK..................................................................................................... ABSTRACT................................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................
i ii iii iv v vi vii ix x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study …………………………………………….. 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ........................................................................... 5 1.3 Aims of the Study ................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 General Aims…………………………………………………………. 5 1.3.2 Specific Aims…………………………………………………………. 6 1.4 Signifi cance of the Study ..................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Theoretical Significance……………………………………………… 6 1.4.2 Practical Significance………………………………………………… 7 1.5 Scope of the Study ............................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH MODEL............ 2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................. 2.2 Concepts ……………………………………………………………… 2.2.1 Religious Terms………………………………………………………. 2.2.2 Yoga………………………………………………………………….. 2.3 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 2.3.1 Translation Procedures……………………………………………….. 2.3.2 Ideology of Translation………….……………………………………. 2.4 Research Model ....................................................................................
8 8 18 18 18 19 20 26 30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD................................................... 3.1 Research Approach…………………………………………………… 3.2 Data Source .......................................................................................... 3.3 Method and Technique of Collecting Data ........................................... 3.4 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data ........................................... 3.5 Method and Technique of Presenting the Analyzed Data .....................
32 32 33 34 35 38
CHAPTER IV THE TRANSLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS TERMS
xi
IN THE PERFECTION OF YOGA................................................................. 39 4.1 Translation Procedures Applied in the Translation of Religious Terms.. 40 4.1.1 SL-Oriented Procedures.......................................................................... 41 4.1.1.1 Borrowing............................................................................................... 41 4.1.1.2 Literal Translation.................................................................................. 44 4.1.1.3 Combination of Borrowing and Literal Translation............................... 51 4.1.2 TL-Oriented Procedures......................................................................... 56 4.1.2.1 Transposition.......................................................................................... 56 4.1.2.2 Modulation............................................................................................. 61 4.1.2.3 Equivalence............................................................................................ 65 4.1.2.4 Adaptation.............................................................................................. 66 4.1.2.5 Amplification.......................................................................................... 68 4.1.2.6 Reduction............................................................................................... 75 4.1.2.7 Explicitation........................................................................................... 79 4.1.2.8 Particularization...................................................................................... 82 4.2 Ideology of Translation......................................................................... 85 4.2.1 Foreignization....................................................................................... 86 4.2.2 Domestication....................................................................................... 88 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS........................... 5.1 Conclusions............................................................................................... 5.2 Suggestions...............................................................................................
96 96 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………..
99
APPENDIX 1.................................................................................................. 102 APPENDIX 2.................................................................................................. 124
xii
