The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) INTRODUCTION

The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES)

M. Luthfi Rayes

JURUSAN TANAH FP UNIV. BRAWIJAYA

INTRODUCTION • The Automated Land Evaluation System, or ALES, is a computer program that allows land evaluators to build expert systems to evaluate land according to the method presented in the FAO “Framework for Land Evaluation” (FAO 1976). • It is intended for use in project or regional scale land evaluation. • The entities evaluated by ALES are map units, which may be defined either broadly (as in reconnaissance surveys and general feasibility studies) or narrowly (as in detailed resource surveys and farm-scale planning).

M. Luthfi Rayes


M. LUTHFI RAYES

JURUSAN TANAH FP UB

M. Luthfi Rayes


What is land evaluation?

Land-use Land-use requirements requirements

Land Land qualities qualities

match

suitability suitability Land-use Land-use planning planning

policies & plans

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JURUSAN TANAH FP UB

Tabel . Persyaratan Penggunaan Lahan utk Jagung (Djaenudinn et al, 2000)

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JURUSAN TANAH FP UB

1050

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JURUSAN TANAH FP UB

ALES terdiri atas 7 komponen: 1. kerangka knowledge base yg mendeskripsikan penggunaan lahan (fisik & ekonomi) yg diusulkan 2. kerangka basisdata yg mendeskripsikan satuan peta lahan (SPL) yg dievaluasi 3. mekanisme pengambilan kesimpulan utk menghubungkan land use dan SPL, utk menentukan kesesuaian scr fisik dan ekonomi dr bbrp satuan peta utk bbrp penggunaan lahan yg diusulkan 4. fasilitas yg dpt menjelaskan shg memungkinkan pembuat model memahami dan kemudian lebih menyempurnakan model yg dibuat M. Luthfi Rayes


ALES terdiri atas 7 komponen (lanjutan):

5. fasilitas konsultasi yg memungkinkan pengguna awam utk mengajukan pertanyaan kpd sistem ini, ttg land use yg ada 6. penyajian laporan pd layar monitor, printer, flash disk atau CD (compact disk) dan 7. modul impor-ekspor yg memungkinkan pertukaran data dg basisdata eksternal, SIG dan spreadsheets (excel, dBase dll). Dalam hal ini termasuk interface utk berh dengan SIG sep IDRISI, ArcInfo dan ArcView. M. Luthfi Rayes


• ALES is not a GIS and does not itself display maps. It can, however, analyze geographic land characteristics if map units are appropriate defined, and • it can directly reclassify IDRISI or Arc/Info or ArcView maps with the same mapping unit legend as the ALES database.

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Fig. 1. An overview of the ALES program flow.

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Who uses ALES? • First, model builders construct and validate ALES models for the set of Land Utilization Types to be considered in the study, working with a group of land use experts. • Second, model users enter land data and ask the program to compute evaluation results. • Third, evaluation consumers use the results of the evaluation to make their land use decisions. They might also use ALES in consultation mode. • All the while, the system administrator ensures that the computer system, including ALES, is working correctly. M. Luthfi Rayes


Tujuan ALES • Memungkinkan pengevaluasi lahan utk mengumpulkan, menyusun dan menginterpretasi berbagai macam informasi menggunakan prinsip dasar Kerangka-kerja Evaluasi Lahan FAO (1976) • Menyajikan informasi yg telah diinterpretasi (kelas kesesuaian lahan) dlm bentuk yg secara langsung bermanfaat bagi perencana penggunaan lahan. • Memanfaatkan informasi yg telah dikumpulkan dlm survei tanah dan inventarisasi SDL lainnya, yg kebanyakan tdk dimanfaatkan. • Memungkinkan utk menggunakan data lahan dalam segala macam format yg berbeda, dan memudahkan tukar-munukar data dari sumber basis data tanah atau sumberdaya lahan lainnya. M. Luthfi Rayes


KEUNGGULAN & KENDALA • • •

• •

Mengevaluasi lahan utk berbagai TPL dan banyak SPT serta utk berbagai skala peta Mengevaluasi lahan scr fisik dan ekonomik Dgn basisdata yg terstruktur, perubahan data (fisik atau ekonomik) dpt dilakukan kapan saja dan “scr otomatis” hasil evaluasi akan berubah sesuai data terbaru Belum seluruh daerah di Indonesia miliki Data spasial & tabular Perlu Keakhlian ?????

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Fig. 2. An overall structure of LE. ALES is only involved in steps (7), through (11). M. Luthfi Rayes


INITIAL CONSULTATIONS • Objectives • Data and assumptions • Planning of the land evaluation Major kinds of land use or land utilization types

Land Use Requirements and Limitations

Land Mapping Unit

Comparison of Land use with land - matching

Land Qualities

- economic and social analysis - Environmental Impact Land Suitability Classification Presentation of Results

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Land Evaluation Approach in ALES • A two-stage approach – Physical land evaluation is first conducted matching soils, climate and land use with crop requirements (this eliminates land units which are not physically suitable. – Socio-economic evaluation conducted next to derive the suitability of the land unit for specific land utilization types e.g rain fed agriculture with low inputs or commercial agriculture with high inputs, etc. M. Luthfi Rayes


Struktur Program ALES Dalam ALES setiap evaluasi terdiri atas • Sejumlah tipe penggunaan lahan (TPL) yaitu penggunaan lahan yg diusulkan dan sejumlah satuan peta lahan (SPL) yaitu areal lahan yg akan dievaluasi. • Setiap satuan peta dievaluasi utk setiap TPL shg menghasilkan suatu matriks kesesuaian lahan.

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• Ada 2 macam kesesuaian dalam sistem FAO yaitu kesesuaian scr fisik dan kesesuaian scr ekonomi. • ALES dapat mengevaluasi keduanya

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STRUCTURE OF THE LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Land Suitability Orders: S, N Reflects kinds of suitability Land Suitability Classes: S1, S2, S3, S4, S4, N1, N2 Reflects degrees of suitability within orders Land Suitability Subclasses: m, o, n, t, e, a, h, p, c, l, v,I. Reflects kinds of limitations or main kinds of improvement measures required within classes. Land Suitability Units: -1, -2 Reflects minor differences in required management within subclasses. M. Luthfi Rayes


Kelas kesesuaian lahan secara kualitatif (fisik) dan pengertiannya Kelas Simbol

Nama

Pengertian

1

S1

Sangat sesuai Tanpa/sedikit pembatas

2

S2

Cukup sesuai

Tingkat pembatas sedang

3

S3

Sesuai marjinal

Tingkat pembatas berat

4

N

Tidak sesuai

Tingkat pembatas sangat berat dan sukar untuk diatasi

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Kelas kesesuaian lahan secara kualitatif (ekonomik) dan pengertiannya Klas

Simb ol

Nama

1

S1

Sangat sesuai

Sangat menguntungkan

2

S2

Cukup sesuai

Cukup menguntungkan

3

S3

Sesuai marjinal

Kurang menguntungkan

4

N1

Secara ekonomik tidak sesuai

Memungkinkan tetapi tidak menguntungkan (utk sementara)

5

N2

Tidak sesuai permanen

Tidak memungkinkan

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Pengertian


Contoh TPL (LUT) • • • • • • • • • • • •

cashew-lo° Anacardium occidentale, low capital input chilli-lo° Capsicum frutescens, low capital input citrus-lo° Citrus spp, low capital input cocoa-hi° Theobroma cacao, medium to high capital input cocoa-lo° Theobroma cacao, low capital input coconut-lo° Cocus nucifera, low capital input coffee(arab)-hi° Coffea arabica, medium to high capital input coffee(arab)-lo° Coffea arabica, low capital input coffee(rob)-hi° Coffea canephora, medium to high capital input coffee(rob)-lo° Coffea canephora, low capital input maize-hi° Zea mays, high capital input mango-lo° Mangifera indica, low capital input

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Each Land Utilization Type was defined by a set of Land Use Requirements. For example: - Land Use Requirements for LUT 'rice upland-hi' – c : temperature – – – – – – –

e : erosion hazard m : moisture conditions r : rooting conditions t : nutrient availability/retention capacity w : oxygen availability (wetness) x : soil toxicities (FeS, CaCO3) z : excess of salts (salinity, sodicity)

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Each LUR of each LUT is measured in 4 severity levels: (1) no limitation, (2) slight limitation, (3) moderate limitation, and (4)

severe limitation. The database schema consists of the following diagnostic Land Characteristics:

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Each of these is measured in classes, which are defined according to the available survey information. For example,

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The database itself consists of a list of the map units to be evaluated, along with the values of each land characteristic in the database schema (In the actual model there are 953 mapping units, derived from resource mapping units and subdivided into soil types)

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BP035

51

Data/profil:

49

BK185

“serie”

BP087

EZ123 BK016

slope relief landform

EZ035 BP225

63

dissection

BP145 M. Luthfi Rayes


Each map unit has its data values, for example:

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Gbr 4. Alur penggunaan pohon keputusan dlm menentukan kelas kesesuaian lahan (Djaenudin dan Hendrisman, 2005). Tanda * merupakan hasil keputusan.

Once the model was set up and the database constructed, ALES was asked to compute Land Quality values, and then combine these into overall physical suitability. The results is an evaluation matrix, of which the following is only a small part:

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Running ALES Program

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Compound MU suitability classification MAP LEGEND Jam bu m ete N N do m . with S1 a /o S2 a /o S3 S1 S1 do m . w ith S2 a/o S3 S1 do m . w ith N ; or w ith N an d S 2 a/o S3 S2 S2 do m . w ith S1 S2 do m . w ith S3 S2 do m . w ith N ; or w ith N an d S 1 a/o S3 S3 S3 do m . w ith S 1 a/o S2 S3 do m . w ith N ; or w ith N an d S 1 a/o S2 S1+ S2+ S3 d om . w ith N M. Luthfi Rayes


Legend for Compound MU classification Compound

Homogeneous MU classes in CMU

MU

number of homogeneous MUs:

description of Compound MU class

class code

1

2

3

4

S1

S1

S1

S1=90

-

-

S1 dom. with S2 a/o S3

S1-

-

S1,(S)

S1,(S2,S3)

-

S2 dom. with S1

S2+

-

S2,(S1)

S2,(S1,S3)

-

S2; or S2 dom. with S1 and S3

S2

S2

S2=90

S2,(S1,S3)

-

S2 dom. with S3

S2-

-

S2,(S3)

S2=S3,(S1)

-

S3 dom. with S1 a/o S2

S3+

-

S3,(S)

S3,(S1,S2)

-

S3

S3

S3

S3=90

-

-

S1 dom with N; or S1 dom. with N and S2 and/or S3

S1N

-

S1,(N)

S1,(S,N)

-

S2 dom. with N; or S2 dom. with N and S1 a/o S3

S2N

-

S2,(N)

S2,(S+N)

-

S3 dom. with N; or S3 dom. with N and S1 a/o S2

S3N

-

S3,(N)

S3,(S+N)

-

S1+S2+S3 dom. with N

SN

-

-

-

S1+S2+S3,(N)

N dom. with S1 a/o S2 a/o S3

NS

-

N,(S)

N,(S+S)

N,(S1+S2+S3)

N

N

N

N>=75

-

-

M. Luthfi Rayes


Terima Kasih

The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) INTRODUCTION

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