Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009) p: 58-67
TEKNOLOGI REHABILITASI LAHAN GAMBUT BONGKOR UNTUK BUDIDAYA PADI
Agus Supriyol dan Eni Maftu'ah2 Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Kalimantan Selatan. JI. Panglima Batur No 4, Banjarbaru. Kontak email:
[email protected] Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa, Banjarbaru
Abstract The utilization of of peat land for agriculture through reclamation (land opened by drainage cannals construction). Tidalswamps were reclaimed in?5 years (1968 until 1993) predicted about 1.2 million hectares by goverment and about 3.0 millions hectare by community self. Area had reclaimed about 0.80 million hectares was peat lands. The reality showed that after five years more a part of these land became sleeping land (bongkor). The prediction of peat land areilSin Ex Mega Rice Project (MRP) mainly in block C area such as Pulang Pisau and a part of Kapuas district areas Central Kalimantan provincy, a part of Barito Kuala areas, 50uth Kalimantanprovincy, Ogan Kering Ilir and Banyuasin districts of South Sumatera provincy as sleeping land areas. Sleeping peaat lands area were decreased of land quality include low acidity, hidrophobics condition so that a rise ''irreversibledrying as resulted overdrained. Rehabilitation of peat land were employed by approach (a) flooding or usage of tide water as flusshing, (b) soil amendment by ameliorant matterial and combination the usage of water single tide maintained in the plot for a day and drained in the low with ameliorant applied. The interaction between the usage of the single tide maintained in the plot for a day and drained in the low tide (Ll) and ameliorant + fertilizer (A1) levels equivalent (4.800 dolomite + 5.860 farm manure +119 urea +119 SP36 + 79,5 KC/) kg.ha-1on saprict peat increased to lechate water-pH and decreased to disolved acidity, (b) The treatment Lo resulted in rice yield of 3.600 tha-1 harvestdry seed on the cultivation of IR 66 or 19.50 % higher than the yield of the Martapura(3.020 tha-1) The treatment A1 resulted 4.360 tha-1 in the RS and 2.670 tha-1 in the OS on the cultivationof IR66.
.
Keywords: Rehabilitation, Sleeping land (peat), Rice
Pendahuluan Pemanfaatan pertanian di lahan gambut secara bijaksana (wise use) meliputi aspek perencanaan tata ruang harus sesuai dengan peruntukan (daerah gambut pedalaman atau \\dome' sebagai areal konservasi, daerah tengahan diperuntukan bagi tanaman tahunan dan daerah tepi (1 - 1,5 km) dari sungaiuntuk budidaya tanaman pangan terutama padi), dari aspek lingkungan perlu memperhatikan kondisi biofisik dan sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat. Terdesaknya fungsi pemanfaatan lahan pertanian potensial di pulau Jawa akibat laju pembangunan, menyebabkan penyediaan pangan pada masa mendatang tidak dapat lagi bertumpu di pulau Jawa yang selama ini memasok 60% kebutuhan pangan nasional. Langkah strategis yang perlu dilakukan adalah memberikan perhatian yang lebih besar
terhadap pemanfaatan lahan-Iahan marginal .yang ada di luar pulau Jawa, dan mengendalikan secara ketat laju alih fungsi lahan pertanian di pulau Jawa. Salah satu lahan' marginal der:1gan',' . potensi luas yang besar adalah lahan gambut. Widjaja-Adhi et al. (1992) menginformasikan bahwa luas lahan gambut di Indonesia mencapai
20,9
juta
hektar,
sedangkan
Notohadiprawiro (1996) melaporkanluaslahan gambut Indoensia sekitar 17 juta hektar, dan Puslittanak (2000) menyatakan bahwa lahan gambut di Indonesia hanya 14,5 juta hektar. Lahan gambut berperan penting bagi kesejahteraan manusia (sebagai penghasil,
hasil hutan non kayu, \\ carbon-sinK',
sebagai
penahan banjir, pemasok air, berbagai proses biokimi~ yang berhubungan dengan air, mengandung plasma nutfah yang bermanfaat (sumber karbohidrat, protein, minyak dan
-
-
66
Jurnal IImu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009) p: 58-67
dd, Mg-dd penurunan kemasaman tertukar (H-dd + AL-dd), dan meningkatkan hasil padi IR 66 lebih tinggi dibanding padi var. Martapura.
Daftar Pustaka Ananto, E.E., Subagyo, H., Ismail, I.G. Kusnadi, U. Alihamsyah, T. and Thahir, R. (1998) Prospect of Development Agricultural System in =ridalSwamp Land in South Sumatera, AARD,Jakarta 177 pp. Andriesse, J.P. (1988) Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils. FAO Soils Bulletin 59. FAOof the United Nations, Rome, 65 pp. Centre for Study of Land Resources (2000) Characterization and Identification of Sleeping Land for extension planting in C Zone Mega Rice Project. Final Report Joint Research Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. 120 pp. (in Indonesian) Chaerani, A. (1997) The Effect of Fresh Water Leaching and Amelioration on Improvement of Peat Chemical Properties and Rice Yield. Masters' Thesis, Post-graduate programme Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. 105 pp (in Indonesian). Direct of Swampy (1992) Physical Infrastructure for development of tidal swamps and swampy areas. In Proceedings Of the National Meeting on Agricultural Development in Tidal Swamp Land. Cisarua, Bogor March 3 - 4, 1992. AARD Lambert, K. (1995) Physico-Chemical Characterization of Lowland Tropical Peat Soil. PhD Thesis, Faculty.of Agricultue and Applied Biological Science, Royal University of Gent, Gent, The Netherlands.161 pp. Maas, A., Darmanto and Nuryani (2001) Identification of problems and suggestions for improvement of "bongkor peatland" in Zone C of the former Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan. In: J.O. Rieley and S.E. Page (Eds). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biodiversity, Environmental Importance and Sustainability of Tropical peat and Peatlands, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, 4-8 September 1995. Samara Publishing Limited, Cardigan. UK. Pp 219 223.
Maas, A. (2003). Seeking a Standarization of Peat Preparation and Extraction System in Order to Reflect Peat Condition in The Land. (in Indonesian). Internal Report. Research Institute Gadjah Mada University.Yogyakarta 23pp. Masganti, T. Notohadikusumo., Maas, A. and Radjagukguk,B. (2002) Hydrodrophobicity and its impact on chemical properties of peat. In: J.O. Rieley and S.E. Page (Eds). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peatlands for People: Natural Resource Functions and Sustainable Management. Biodiversity, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Peatland, 22-232 August 2001, Jakarta, Indonesia. BPPT and Indonesian peat Association. Pp 109-113. Masganti (2003) Study on the Effort to increase Phosphorus Potential Supply in Oligotrophic Peat. Masters' Thesis, Post Graduate Study Programme, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 329 pp. Nugroho, K. and Widodo, B. (2001) The effect of dry-wet condition to peat soil physical characteristic of different degree of decomposition. In: J.O. Rieley and S.E. Page (Eds). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biodiversity, Environmental Importance and Sustainability of Tropical peat and Peatlands, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, 4-8 September 1995. Samara Publishing Limited, Cardigan. UK. Pp 94102. Ponnamperuma, F.N. (1977) Physico-chemical properties of submerged soils in relation to fertility. IRRI Research. Paper Series NO.5. February 1977. IRRI PO Box 933
Philippines.32pp.
.
/'
Sabiham, S. (2000) Water critical peat of Central Kalimantan and its relation to irreversible drying. Journal of Tropical Soil, 11: 21- 30. Suryanto (1997) Fertility management for sustainable agriculture on tropical ombrogenous peat. In: J.O. Rieley and S.E. Page (Eds). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biodiversity, Environmental Importance and Sustainability of Tropical peat and Peatlands, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, 4-8 September 1995. Samara Publishing Limited, Cardigan. UK. Pp 315320.
-
67
Supriyo. Teknologi Rehabilitas Lahan Gambut
Tate, L.R.(1987) SoilOrganic Matter Biological and Ecological Effects. Wiley Interscience Publication. Pp. 1- 53; 186 - 217. Thompson, L.M. and Troeh, F.R. (1978) Soil and soil fertility. McGraw-HiliInc., pp. 118234.
Valat, B.C., Jouany and Riviere, L.M. (1991) Characterization of the wetting properties of air-dried peats and composts. Soil Science, 152 (2): 100-107. Widjaja Adhi, I P.G. (1988) Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Peat Soil of Indonesia. lARDJournal, 10(3): 59-64.
.,
-
