SESI 1 PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI

SESI 1 PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI

Definisi Manager dan Organisasi

Managers

Organization

• get things done through other people • make decisions, allocate resources, direct the activities of others to attain goals.

• conciously coordinated social unit, • composed of two or more people, • functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals Partono - Telkom University 2013

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APA YANG DILAKUKAN MANAJER •

•

•

Di dalam s/ organisasi harus ada individu yang bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan sasaran dan mencapai sasaran tersebut Penanggung jawab tersebut biasanya dikenal dengan istilah MANAJEMEN Istilah manajemen mengandung 3 unsur manajerial: • • •

Fungsional Peran Ketrampilan Partono - Telkom University 2013

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FUNGSI MANAJEMEN Merencanakan

• penetapan tujuan, strategi, dan taktik

Mengorganisir

• menentukan tugas yg dikerjakan, siapa yg mengerjakan, struktur pelaporan, kewenangan memutuskan

Memimpin Mengontrol

• mengarahkan, mengkoordinasi, memotivasi, & mengelola tim kerja

• memantau, mengevaluasi, merevisi

Partono - Telkom University 2013

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PERAN MANAJEMEN Interpersonal.

Informasional

Pengambil Keputusan

Sebagai tokoh utama, tugas seremonial & simbolis.

Monitor informasi internal & eksternal

Entrepreneur (seeking opportunities & initiate project)

Sebagai pemimpin (motivasi, mengarahkan)

Penyebar informasi (ke lingkungan internal)

Problem handler

Sebagai penghubung (interaksi dengan pihak lain)

Juru bicara (eksternal)

Resources Allocator

Negotiator


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KETRAMPILAN MANAJEMEN TEKNIS • Ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. • Learned through extensive education & experience.

Personal • Ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, • & support other people, both individually and in groups


Konseptual • Mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. • Conceptual skills (identify problems, develop alternative solutions, evaluate those alternative solutions, & select the best one, organize a plan of action and then execute it.

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AKTIVITAS SUKSES vs EFEKTIF Apakah manajer paling sukses juga merupakan manajer paling efektif? 4 aktivitas manajer menurut Fred Luthans: • • • •

Manajemen tradisional merencanakan, memutuskan, mengevaluasi Komunikasi dan administrasi Manajemen SDM Mengembangkan jaringan (sosialisasi)

Distribusi waktu rata2 : 32% – 29% – 20% – 19% Aktivitas apa yang paling penting dalam penilaian keberhasilan seorang manajer? Partono - Telkom University 2013

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ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness

study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance

Core topics : motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict, work design, & work stress


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PERILAKU ORGANISASI •

•

Cakupan PO : pekerjaan, kerja, kehadiran, turnover, produktivitas, kinerja, dan manajemen. Studi kasus : amati salah aktivitas seseorang di lingkungan kampus dan prediksikan apa yang mendorong dia melakukan hal itu


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PERILAKU ORGANISASI 





Studi sistematis  mempelajari hubungan, mengkaitkan sebab akibat, & menyimpulkan berdasar bukti ilmiah Intuisi  A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research, common sense Tujuan PO a/ mengganti/mengubah pandangan yg sudah tertanam, dengan memberikan fakta berbasis ilmu pengetahuan & penelitian.


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ILMU PENDUKUNG PO 

Psikologi.  Ilmu

yg mengukur, menjelaskan, mengubah perilaku manusia



Psikologi sosial.  Memadukan

konsep psikologi dengan sosiologi yang fokus pada pengaruh seseorang kepada yang lain



Sosiologi.  Studi

mengenai manusia dalam kaitannya dengan lingkungan sosial budaya



Antropologi.  Mempelajari

manusia dan aktivitasnya. Membantu memahami perbedaan nilai Partono - Telkom University 2013

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HAL MUTLAK DALAM PO Hanya ada sedikit prinsip universal yang menjelaskan PO

Mempelajari PO harus mempertimbangkan kondisi situasional & banyak kemungkinan

Tidak ada yang pasti dalam studi PO karena melibatkan manusia

Manusia adalah makhluk yang kompleks • Dalam situasi yang sama, 2 orang, bagaimana mereka bersikap? • 1 orang, situasi yang berbeda, bagaimana mereka bersikap?


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Contingency Variable (Z)

Independent Variable (X)

Dependent Variable (Y)

In American Culture

Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign

Understood as Complimenting

In Iranian or Australian Cultures

Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign

Understood as Insulting - “Up Yours!”


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CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES            

Responding to Economic Pressures Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality and Productivity Improving Customer Service Improving People Skills Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts Creating a Positive Work Environment Improving Ethical Behavior Partono - Telkom University 2013

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Kondisi Ekonomi  



Effective management when economic crisis Dealing with difficult activities such as firing employees, motivating employees to do more with less and working through the stress employees feel when they are worrying about their future. Focuses on issues such as stress, decision making, and coping during difficult times


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Globalisasi  



More foreign assignment Work in multi-nations, culture, and race environment Movement jobs to the lower cost labor


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Keragaman Angkatan Kerja    

Perubahan demografi penduduk Indonesia Perkembangan tuntuan keahlian Keragaman kepentingan dan sasaran individu Y Generations, & future generations


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Peningkatan Layanan Pelanggan   

More services More job need to interact with customer Organization has to make sure their employee attitude & behavior associate dwith the customer


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Peningkatan Ketrampilan Karyawan  



Complex work need new skills and ability Technology development demand employee to adjust their skills Manager should be aware of the requirement and take step to help in the adjustmen proccess


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Inovasi & Perubahan 

    

Organization needs to adjust their practices with the surrounding Creating flexible environment Continually improve the business practices Think ahead of the competitor Create new product & services Company and employee face the challenge to continually innovate


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Meningkatnya Kebutuhan untuk Berkembang





 

Today strengths can become tomorrow weaknesses Need to continous knowledge & skills improvement New tools and practices in the business Today’s managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.


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Bekerja dalam & dengan jaringan 

  

Technology & communication change the way we do our job People are more connected More collaborating in work New communication skills needed to interact in network


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Work-Life Balance  

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

 

Increasing demand in work and life Technology make work and social life difficult to separate Almost no boundaries or limit (country, time, space) Employee required to be ready all the time (long hour, after work hour, vacation) Dual career individual Work interfere the social life & vice-versa


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Positive Work Environment 

Focusing on positive side of the individu


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Improving Ethical Behavior 

  

When the expectation is high, employee will do whatever necessary to save them Facing the ethical dillema and ethical choices Which practices are wrong or right It is the issue of the moral principle of each individual when facing the provocative environment


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REFRESHMENT •

TANGGAPI PERNYATAAN BERIKUT !!! • • • • •

Apakah kita harus melaporkan jika menemui adanya penyimpangan dlm organisasi Apakah kita harus menjalankan tugas yang tidak kita setujui/sukai Apakah kita akan memberikan nilai yg bagus agar karyawan tidak di PHK Apakah kita harus berpolitik demi kemajuan karier Apakah kita layak menerima sesuatu dari mitra kerja


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TANTANGAN & PELUANG PO •

•

Kunci mengelola PO adalah memadukan keragaman setiap pekerja sehingga dapat secara optimal memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas kerja atau hasil akhir. Kemampuan yang dibutuhkan untuk ini antara lain ; interpersonal komunikasi.


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MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO 

Model  Gambaran

sederhana dari beberapa fenomena nyata  An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon 

3 tingkat analisis dalam OB  Individu,  Kelompok,  Organisasi


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MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO

Input

• variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set the stage for what will occur in an organization later

Proccess

• actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

Outcomes

• key variables that you want to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables Partono - Telkom University 2013

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THE GOALS of OB  

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Attitude & stress Task performance - The combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks. Citizenship behavior - Discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace Withdrawal behavior - The set of actions employee take to separate themselves from the organization group cohesion The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work.


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THE GOALS of OB 

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



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Group functioning - The quantity and quality of a work group’s output Productivity - The combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization Effectiveness - The degree to which an organization meets the needs of its clientele or customers Efficiency - The degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost. Organizational survival - The degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term.


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End of Session


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SESI 1 PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI

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