RICE BROWN PLANT HOPPER IN INDONESIA Y. Andi Trisyono Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia LEGATO Conference Hanoi, Vietnam, April 8-16, 2013
Topics of Discussion • History and recent outbreak of BPH • Research on the impacts of insecticide on BPH and its natural enemies • Research action
BALAI BESAR PERAMALAN ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN, 2010
Tahun
Data sd. April 2010
INPRES 3
300,000
2010 *)
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
PB36 (VUTW-2)
Hipa 5 Ceva, Hipa 6 Jete
Mekongga, Hibrida Hipa-3, Hipa-4
Cigeulis, Hibrida Maro, Rokan
Ciherang, Bondoyudo dll.
Way Apo Buru
Memberamo, Cibodas Cilamaya Muncul, Maros dll.
Way Seputih (tahan biotipe 1, 2)
IR64 (tahan biotipe 1, 2, 3)
IR50, IR52, IR54 (VUTW-1, 2, 3) IR46, IR56 (tahan koloni Sumut) Kelara, Bah Bolon (tahan koloni Sumut/VUTW-3)
Cisadane, Cimandiri, Ayung, IR42
Citarum, Serayu, Asahan
PB26, PB28 (VUTW-1) PB32 (VUTW-2)
700,000
1978
PB20
500,000
1977
Pelita
PB5, PB8
C4, Begawan dll.
600,000
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1967
1963
400,000
1940
Darmaga, Bogor Mojokerto Yogyakarta
100,000
1939
200,000
1931
Luas (ha)
HISTORY OF BPH IN INDONESIA
800,000
0
Farmer Field School of Integrated Pest Management (FFS-IPM)
(Picture from Untung 2008)
DIAMAGE DUE TO BPH IN 2010
BALAI BESAR PERAMALAN ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN,2010
Damage due to BPH in 2011 in Indonesia
Pemerintah Aceh Aceh Pemerintah Sumatera Utara Utara Sumatera
Kepulauan Riau Riau Kepulauan
Bengkulu Bengkulu
Outbreak of BPH in 2012
Sulawesi Utara Utara Sulawesi Gorontalo Gorontalo Maluku Utara Utara Maluku
Kalimantan Barat Barat Kalimantan
Sumatera Barat Barat Sumatera Kep. Bangka Bangka Belitung Belitung Kep.
Kalimantan Tengah Tengah Kalimantan Kalimantan Selatan Selatan Kalimantan
Sumatera Selatan Selatan Sumatera
250
500
kilometers
Kalimantan Timur Timur Kalimantan
Riau Riau
Jambi Jambi
0
Malaysia Malaysia
140°E
130°E
120°E
110°E
100°E
*
Sulawesi Tengah Tengah Sulawesi Papua Barat Barat Papua
Sulawesi Barat Barat Sulawesi Sulawesi Tenggara Tenggara Sulawesi
Maluku Maluku
Sulawesi Selatan Selatan Sulawesi
Lampung Lampung
0°N
Papua Papua
DKI Jakarta Jakarta Jawa DKI Jawa Tengah Tengah
Banten Banten Jawa Barat Barat Jawa
Kisaran Serangan (Ha)
Jawa Timur Jawa Timur DI. Yogyakarta Yogyakarta DI.
Nusa Tenggara Tenggara Barat Barat Nusa Timor Leste Leste Timor
Bali Bali Nusa Tenggara Tenggara Timur Timur Nusa
WBC_TH.2011 100,000 to 146,548 (1) 5,000 to 100,000 (4) 100 to 5,000 (8) 1 to 100 (17) 0 to 0 (3)
2009: 47.473 ha 2011: 218.060 ha
BALAI BESAR PERAMALAN ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN
10°S
Two main factors contributing to the recent outbreaks • Insecticide misuse causing resistance and resurgence • Planting susceptible varieties: hybrid and local variety (Untung and Trisyono 2010)
Insecticides registered for BPH Description No. pesticides registered No. insecticides registered for BPH No. formulations with a.i. imidacloprid for BPH No. formulations with a.i. fipronil for BPH No. formulations with a.i. deltamethrin for BPH (Department of Agriculture 2002, 2011)
2002 813 48
2011 2247 139
4
26
1
6
0
1
Resistance of Field-Collected Populations of BPH to Imidacloprid Populations Resistance Ratio (LC50, ppm) Pati Demak Kudus Klaten – 1 Klaten – 2 Jember Susceptible 4/13/2013
Imidacloprid 70 >1579 >1579 >1579 >1579 281 1 (0.145)
(Trisyono et al. 2010)
Etiprol 1 1 <1 5 1 <1 1 (1.90) 9
Impacts of deltametrin on BPH and its parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae • Sublethal exposure increased the fecundity of BPH but reduced the fecundity of the parasitoid • The residue on plant decreased the level of parasitism • The odor disturbed the orientation which finally decreased the searching ability (Ratna 2011, Meilin 2012, Meilin et al. 2013)
Rate of emergence (%)
Laju pemunculan parasitoid (%)
Adult emergence of parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
16.00
Waktu panenTime parasitoid (WIB)
11
(Meilin et al. 2012)
RESEARCH ACTION ON MANAGEMENT OF BPH IN THE ENDEMIC AREA (KLATEN) Background: Farmers did not harvest rice from 2009-2010 (5 seasons) due to BPH
Group A (ca 40 ha)
Group B (ca 50 ha)
Juwiran, Klaten: March-June 2011 (Dept. Crop Protection UGM, 2011)
Population per rice hill
Group A: pesticides reduction from >20 to 4 times per season with 75% yield, whereas Group B had no yield
4/13/2013
BPH
Age (days after transplanting)
13
Juwiran, Klaten: August-October 2011 (Dept. Crop Protection UGM, 2011)
Population per rice hill
No pesticides application during the whole season. Both group A and B had normal yield.
Age (days after transplanting)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Melhanah, Caca, Yani, Novi, Rinjani Arlina, Muhayat, Sabar, Awaludin Petrus, Yuni, Reni, Lis, Araz, Hendra, Sriyanto, Witjaksono, Edhi Martono, and Damayanti Buchori
