51
REFERENCES Adrim M. 2006. Asosiasi Ikan di Padang Lamun. Oseana 31(4):1-7 Allen G. 2000. Marine fishes of South-East Asia. A field guide for Anglers and Divers. Periplus. 292. Allen
GR. 2001. Periplus nature guides tropical reef fishes of Indonesia. Periplus. 66 pp.
APHA (American Public Health Association). 2004. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA Inc. New York. Baker R, Sheppard R. 2006. Fisheries resources of Albatross bay, Gulf of Carpentaria. Department Of Primary Industries And Fisheries. Queensland. Bengen DG, Lim P, Belaud A. 1992. Structure and Fish Tipology of Three Ancients Arms of The Garonne Rivers. Annals Lim. 28(1): 35-36. Bengen DG, Eidman M, Boer M. 2001. Strukutur komunitas Ikan di Pantai Utara Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Pesisir dan Lautan 3(3). Berwick NL. 1983. Guidelines for Analysis of Biophysical Impact Coastal Marine Resources. The Bombay Natural History Society Centenery Seminar Conservation in Developing Countries, Problems and Propects, Bombay: 6-10 December 1983. Bjork M, Uku J, Weil A, Beer S. 1999. Photosynthetic tolerance to dessiccation of tropical intertidal seagrass. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 191: 121-218. Bownden KF. 1980. Physical oceanography of estuaries. Englewood Ld. pp :476 Brouns JJ. 1985. A preliminary study of the Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forskall) den Hartog from Eastern Indonesia. Aquatic Botany 23:249-260. Brower JE, Zar JH, Von Ende C. 1990. General Ecology. Field and Laboratory Methods. Dubugue Iowa. Wm. C. Brown Company Publish. Bultuis D. A. 1987. Effect of temperature on photosynthesis and growth of seagrass. Aquatic Botany 27: 2-40. Burdick DM, Kendrick GA. 2001. Standards for seagrass collection, identification and sampel design. In: Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier. pp: 79-100.
52
Community Environment Network. (2005). Watching the seagrass grow – A guide for community seagrass monitoring in New South Wales ( Ed ke-2). The Community Environment Network, Ourimbah. Cox GW. 2002. General ecology laboratory manual. Ed ke-8 New York: Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education. Dahuri R. 2003. Keanekaragaman hayati laut: Aset pembangunan berkelanjutan Indonesia. PT Gramedia Pustaka. Jakarta. den Hartog C. 1970. The seagrasses of the world. London. North-Holland Publishing Company-Amsterdam. Dhewani N, Hermanto B, Susianti E. 2009. Panduan jenis-jenis ikan ekonomis di terumbu karang. LIPI. 52 pp. Dolar MLL. 1991. A survey on the fish and crustacean fauna of the seagrass bed in North Bais Bay, Negros Oriental, Philippines, pp. 367-337. In: A. C. Alcala. Living Resources In Coastal Areas Proceeding of The Regional Symposium. 30 Jan – 1 Peb 1989. Manila. Marine Science Institute, University of The Philippines. Quezon City. Philippines. Duarte CM, Kirkman H. 2001. Methods for the measurement of seagrass abundance and depth distribution. In: Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier. pp 7: 141 -153. Effendie MI. 1979. Metode biologi perikanan. Cetakan Pertama. Penerbit Yayasan Dewi Sri. Bogor. Erftemeijer, PLA. 1993. Differences in nutrient concentration and resources between seagrass communities on carbonates and terrigenous sediment in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bul Mar Scien. 54: 403-419. Erftemeijer PLA, Middelburg JJ. 1993. Sediment nutrient interaction in tropical seagrass bed: a comparison between a carbonate and terrigenous sedimentary environment in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). Mar Ecol Progress Series 102:187-198. Erftemeijer PLA, Herman PMJ. 1994. Seasonal change in environmental variabel, biomassa, production and content nutrient in two contrasting tropical intertidal seagrass bed in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). Oecologia. 99: 4559. Erina Y. 2006. Keterkaitan antara komposisi perifiton pada lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn.F) Royle Dengan Tipe Substrat Lumpur dan Pasir di teluk Banten. (Tesis). Bogor: Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
53
Gullström M, Dahlberg M. 2004. Fish community structure of seagrass meadows around inhaca island, southern mozambique. Arbetsgruppen för Tropisk Ekologi. Committee of Tropical Ecology Uppsala University, Sweden. FAO. 1974. Species identification sheet for fishery purpose. USA. Fonseca MS, Thayer GW, Kenworthy WJ. 1990. Root/Shoot Ratios. In Phillips RC, Mc Roy CP. editor. Seagrass Res Met. Paris: Unesco. pp 65-67. Fortes MD. 1990. Seagrasses: a Resource Unknown in the ASEAN Region. ICLARM Education Series 6. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. Horinouchi M. 2006. Distribution patterns of benthic juvenile gobies in and around seagrass habitats: Effectiveness of seagrass shelter against predators. Environ Biol Fishes. 82:187-194. Hossain Md. MK. 2005. An examination of seagrass monitoring protocol as applied to two New South Wales estuarine setting. (Tesis). Australian Chatolic University. Research Service. Victoria-Australia). http://www.fishbase.org/identification/specieslist.cfm?famcode=207&areacode= &spines=&fins=&c_code= (20 Juni 2010). http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_gear.aspx (3 Maret 2010. Hutomo M. 1985. Telaah ekologik komunitas ikan di padang lamun (seagrass anthopyta) di perairan Teluk Banten. (Disertasi). Bogor: Program Pascasarajana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hutomo M, Kiswara W, Azkab MH. 1993. Status dan khasanah pengetahuan ekosistem lamun di Indonesia. In: Hutomo M, Soemodihardjo, Penyunting. Prosiding lokakarya Nasional Penyusunan Program Penelitian Biologi Kelautan dan Proses Dinamika Pesisir; Semarang, 24-28 November 1992. Jakarta. LIPI dan Universitas Diponegoro. Hlm 93-114. Irawan A. 2003. Asosiasi makrozoobentos berdasarkan letak padang lamun di estuari Bontang Kuala Kota Bontang Kalimantan Timur. (Tesis). Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jongman RHG, Ter Braak CJF, van Tongeren OFR. 1995. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge. University Press. Kawaroe M, Indrajaya, Happy SI. 2005. Pemetaan bioekologi padang lamun (seagrass) di Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Utara. Pesisir dan Lautan. 6:3141.
54
Kepmen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Tentang baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut. Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 200 Tahun 2004. Tentang kriteria baku kerusakan dan pedoman penentuan status padang lamun. Kikuchi T, Peres JM. 1977. Consumer ecology of seagrass beds. In: Seagrass Ecosystem. A Scientific Perspective. Mc.Roy PC. Helfferich, editor. New York: Mar Scien. 4:147-193. Kimura S, Matsuura K. 2000. Fishes of Bitung. Northern Tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo. Kirby R. 1986. Suspended fine cohesive sediment in the severn stuary and Innder Bristal Channel. Departemen of Energy. Harwell. England. Kiswara W, Winardi. 1994. Keanekaragaman dan sebaran lamun di Teluk Kuta dan Teluk Gerupuk, Lombok Selatan. In: Kiswara W, Moosa MK, Hutomo M, Penyunting. Struktur Komunitas Biologi Padang Lamun di pantai Selatan Lombok dan Kondisi Lingkungannya. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Kelautan/MREP 1993-1994 Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi LIPI. hlm 15-33. Kiswara W. 1995. Kandungan hara dalam air antara dan air permukaan padang lamun pulau Barang Lompo dan Gusung Talang, Sulawesi Selatan. In: Pemantapan Keterpaduan dan Pendayagunaan Potensi Sumberdaya Manusia, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi dan Kelembagaan Kelautan Nasional Menuju Kemandirian. Prosiding Seminar Kelautan Nasional 1995; Jakarta. Kiswara W. 1997. Struktur komunitas padang lamun perairan Indonesia. In: Kongres Biologi Indonesia XV di Universitas Indonesia. Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Potensi laut Pesisir II Geologi, Kimia, Biologi dan Ekologi. Jakarta. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan tentang Oseanologi LIPI. hlm 54-61. Kiswara W. 1999. Struktur komunitas padang lamun di Sumatera Utara. Proseding seminar Kelautan Regional Sumatera Kedua. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Bung Hata. Padang. Koch EW. 2001. Beyond light: Physical, geological and geochemical parameters as possible submerge aquatic vegetation habitat requirments. Estuaries 24:117. Kuiter RH, Takamasa T. 2001. Pictorial Guide To : Indonesian Reefs Fishes. Zoo Netics.
55
Kuo JC, den Hartog C. 2003. Seagrass taxanomy and identification key. Short FT, Coles RG, Short CA. (editor) in : Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier Science B.V. pp Chapter 2 : 31-58. Lahumeten F. 2009. Struktur komunitas gastropoda pada ekosistem lamun di pesisir kota Manokwari. Universitas Negeri Papua. Lanyon J. 1986. Guide to identification of seagrasses in the Great Barrier Reef Region. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Laevastu T, Hayes ML. 1981. Fisheries oceanography and ecology. Fishing News Books Ltd., Farnham-Surrey-England. Legendre L, Legendre P. 1983. Numerical ecology. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. Levaan TP. 2008. kajian komunitas padang lamun di pesisir Manokwari. (Tesis). Bogor. Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical ecology a primer on methods computing. A Wiley. Canada: Interscience Publication. John Wiley and Sons. Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring Biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing. Marname JM, Belwood DR. 2002. Diet and nocturnal foraging in cardinalfish (Apogonidae) at one tree reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. Published April 2002. 231:161-268. McKenzie LJ, Cambell SJ, Roder CA. 2003. Seagrass Watch: Manual for mapping and monitoring seagrass resources by community (Citizen) volunteers. Ed ke-2. Departmen of Primary Industries, Queensland Northern Fisheries Centre. McKenzie LJ. 2003. Guidelines for the rapid assesment of seagrass habitat in the Western Pacific. Department of Primary Industries Queensland, Northern Fisheries Centre. Mellors EH, Coles MRG. 1993. Intra-annual Change in Seagrass Standing Crop, Green Island, Northern Queensland. Ausa J Mar. Freshwater Research. 44 (1) : 19-31. Merryanto, Y. 2000. Struktur komunitas ikan dan asosiasinya dengan padang lamun di perairan Teluk Awur Jepara. (Tesis). Bogor: Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Mukhtasor. 2007. Pencemaran pesisir dan laut. Pt Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta.
56
Myers RF. 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam.298p.Ref1602.in:fishbase.org. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q? search=Apogon+guamensis. (12 Agustus 2010). Moriarty DJW, Boon PI. 1989. Interaction of seagrass with sediment and water. In: Larkum AWW, Mc Comb AJ, Sheperd SA. Biology of Seagrass. Aquatic Plant Studies 2. Elsevier, New York. P 501-527. Nasution IM. 2003a. Padang lamun di perairan pulau Bintan, Kabupaten Riau. In: Burhanuddin S, Sulistiyo B, Supangat A. 2003. Kondisi Ekosistem Pesisir Pulau Bintan. Pusat Riset Wilayah laut dan Sumber Non-Hayati. Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan. Departemen Kelutan dan Perikanan. Nasution IM. 2003b. Struktur komunitas ikan di padang lamun pulau Bintan, kabupaten kepulauan Riau. In: Burhanuddin S, Sulistiyo B, Supangat A. 2003. Kondisi Ekosistem Pesisir Pulau Bintan. Pusat Riset Wilayah laut dan Sumber Non-Hayati. Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan. Departemen Kelutan dan Perikanan. Nelson JS. 2006. Fishes of The World. Ed-4. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Nybakken JW. 1997. Marine biology an ecologycal approach. Ed-4. An imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Onuf CP. 1994. Seagrasses, dredging and light in Laguna Madre, Texas, USA est. Odum EP.1993. Dasar-dasar ekologi. Ed ke-3. Yogyakarta. Gajah Mada University Press. Peristiwady T. 2006. Ikan-ikan laut ekonomis penting di Indonesia. Petunjuk Identifikasi. LIPI. Phillips RC, Menez EG. 1988. Seagrass. Smithsonian contribution to the marine science. No.34. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D. C. Pinto L, Punchihewa NN. 1996. Utilisation of mangroves and seagrass by fishes in The Negombo estuary, Sri Lanka, Marine Biology. Pollard PC, Greenway M. 1993. Photynthesis characteristics of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii and Zostera capricorni) in a low light environment, with a Comparison of Leaf Marking an Lacunal Gas Measurment of Productivity. Australian J Mar & Freswater Res. 44:127139. Romimohtarto K, Juwana S. 2001. Biologi laut: ilmu pengetahuan tentang biota laut. Jakarta: Djambatan.
Sabarini KE, Kartawijaya T. 2008. A comparison of fish in community seagrass
57
beds to coral reefs in Karimunjawa National Park. Wildlife Conservation Society Marine Program Indonesia. Sedberry GR, Carter J. 1993. The fish community of shallow tropical lagoon in Belize, Central America. Estuaries 16. Setyobudiandi I, Sulistiono, Yulianda F, Kusmana C, Hariyadi S, Damar A, Sembiring A, Bahtiar. 2009. Sampling dan analisis data perikanan. Terapan metode pengambilan contoh di wilayah pesisir dan laut. MakairaFPIK. IPB Bogor. Shervette VR, Aquirre WE, Blacio E, Cevallos R, Gonzales M, Pozo F, Gelwick F. 2006. Fish communities of a disturbed mangrove wetland and an adjacent tivad rivers in Palmer, Ecuador. Est Coas and Shelf Science. Elsevier. 67:343-542. Short FT, RG, Coles, Pergent-Martini C. 2001. Global seagrass distribution. In: Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier. pp: 5-30 Smith TM, Hindell JS, Jenkins GP, Connolly RM. 2008. Edge effects on fish associated with seagrass and sand patches. Mar Ecol Prog Series. Vol. 359: 203-213. Supratomo RT. 2000. Fungsi padang lamun sebagai area mencari makan ikan dengan indikator migrasi ikan terumbu karang. (Tesis). Bogor: Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Susetiono. 2004. Fauna padang lamun. Tanjung merah selat lembeh. Program Coremap II.P2O LIPI. Jakarta. Takemura I, Sado T, Mackawa Y, Kimura S. 2004. Descriptive morphology of the reared eggs, larvae and juveniles of the marine atherinid fish Atherinomorus duodecimalis. Ich Res 52(2):159-198 in http://www.fishbase.org/listbyletter/fbreferencest.htm (2 Agustus 2010). Talakua S. 2007. Komunitas makroalga, lamun dan mangrove di pesisir pantai Manokwari, Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat. (Tesis). Manado. Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Terrados J, Duarte CM, Fortes MD, Borum J, Agawin NSR, Bach S, Thampanya U, Kamp-Nielsen L, Kenworthy WJ. Greertz-hansen O, Vermaat J. 1997. Changes in community structure and biomass of seagrass communities along gradients of siltation in South East Asia. Estuarine, Coastal nd Shelf Science 46: 757-768. Tomascik T, Mah AJ, Nontji A, Moosa MK. 1997. The ecology of the Indonesian seas. Part I and II.Singapore. Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd.
58
Vermaat JE, Fortes MD, Agawin N, Duarte CM, Marba N, Uri J. 1995. Meadow maintanance, growth, and productivity of a mixed Philippine seagrass bed. Mar Ecol Progress Series 124: 215-255. Walker DI, Mc Comb AJ. 1985, Seagrass degradation in Australian coastal waters, Mar Pollution Bulletin, 25: 191—195. Waycott MC, Collier K, Mc Mahon P, Ralph L, Mc Kenzie J, Udy, Grech A. 2007. Vulnerability of seagrasses in the Great Barrier Reef to climate change. In: Climate change and the Great Barrier reef: a vulnerability assessment. Edited by Johnson JE, Marshall PA. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Australia and the Australian Greenhouse Office, in the Department of the Environment and Water Resources. Welch EB, Lindell T. 1980. The ecological effect of wastewater. Cambrige, London. Cambrige University Press. Wibisono MS.2005. Pengantar Ilmu Kelautan. Grasindo. Jakarta. P: 211. Zieman JC. 1986. Gradients in carribean seagrass ecosystem. In Ogden JC, Gladfelter EH, Editor. Carribean Coas Mar Productivity. Jamaica: Unesco Reports in Marine Science:25-29
