DAFTAR ISI RANCANGBANGUN TRANSFORMATOR STEP UP 220 V / 5 KV, 0,5 A, 50 Hz ............................................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ..Error! Bookmark not defined. LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...........Error! Bookmark not defined. LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ...............Error! Bookmark not defined. HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................... v HALAMAN MOTTO .......................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiii ABSTRAK
...................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I
......................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1 1.1
Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................... 3
1.3
Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................. 3
1.4
Manfaat penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
1.5
Batasan Masalah .................................................................................................. 4
BAB II
......................................................................................................... 5
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 5 2.1
Teori Transformator ........................................................................................... 5
2.2
Arus Magnetisasi.................................................................................................. 9
2.3
Kuat Medan Magnet .......................................................................................... 13
2.4
Bahan Magnetik dan Karakteristiknya ........................................................... 14
2.5
Inti Besi ............................................................................................................... 15
2.5
Laminasi ............................................................................................................. 19
2.6
Penetuan Tetapan Transformator.................................................................... 19
2.7
Polaritas Transformator ................................................................................... 24
2.8
Penyearah Gelombang (Rectifier) ..................................................................... 25
2.8.1
Penyearah Setengah Gelombang (Half Wave Rectifier)............. 25 ix
2.8.2
Penyearah Gelombang Penuh (Full Wave Rectifier) ................. 27
2.8.3
Penyearah Dilengkapi Filter Kapasitor ...................................... 27
2.9
Pengukuran Tegangan Tinggi .......................................................................... 28
2.10
Penelitian Sejenis ............................................................................................... 30
BAB III
....................................................................................................... 32
PERANCANGAN SISTEM ............................................................................... 32 3.1.1
Perkiraan kasar rugi-rugi ................................................................................. 34
3.1.2
Pemilihan dan Desain Inti Transformator ...................................................... 35
3.1.3
Pemilihan Kawat ................................................................................................ 40
3.1.4
Jumlah, Berat dan Panjang Lilitan Kawat Kumparan .................................. 41
3.1.5
Berat Total Inti................................................................................................... 44
3.1.6
Isolasi................................................................................................................... 44
3.2
Teknik Pengukuran Tegangan Tinggi dengan Menggunakan Tegangan DC .. .......................................................................................................................... 46
BAB IV
....................................................................................................... 49
PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISA...................................................................... 49 4.1
Proses Teknis Pembuatan Transformator....................................................... 49
4.2
Pengukuran Tegangan Tinggi AC .................................................................... 53
4.3
Pengukuran Tegangan Tinggi AC menggunakan Tegangan DC .................. 55
4.4
Pengujian Karakteristik Transformator ........................................................ 58
4.5
Penentuan Polaritas Transformator ................................................................ 63
4.6
Rangkuman Data Spesifikasi Transformator ................................................. 64
BAB V
....................................................................................................... 65
PENUTUP
....................................................................................................... 65
5.1
Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 65
5.2
Saran ................................................................................................................... 66
DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………...... 67 LAMPIRAN……………………………………………………………………. 68
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1
Cara kerja transformator. ................................................................ 6
Gambar 2.2
Rangkaian ekivalen transformator 1 fasa. ....................................... 7
Gambar 2.3.
Rangkaian ekivalen pengganti transformator 1 phasa. ................... 7
Gambar 2.4
Fluks bocor [5] ................................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.5
Edaran magnetis dengan celah udara pada inti [6].......................... 9
Gambar 2.6
B-H diagram [7] ............................................................................ 13
Gambar 2.7
Inti transformator jenis baja silikon. ............................................. 15
Gambar 2.8
Konstruksi shell type ..................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.9
Konstruksi core type [8] ................................................................ 15
Gambar 2.10 Arus Eddy [4] ................................................................................ 17 Gambar 2.11 Bentuk Laminasi ........................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.12. Rangkaian uji transformator tanpa beban [10] .............................. 20 Gambar 2.13. Rangkaian uji transformator hubung singkat [10] ........................ 22 Gambar 2.14. Rangkaian uji polaritas transformator [11] ................................... 25 Gambar 2.15. Rangkaian penyearah setengah gelombang. ................................. 26 Gambar 2.16. Sinyal keluaran rangkaian penyearah setengah gelombang .......... 26 Gambar 2.17. Rangkaian penyearah gelombang penuh. ...................................... 27 Gambar 2.18. Rangkaian penyearah dengan filter kapasitor. .............................. 28 Gambar 3.1
Flowchart untuk membuat transformator. .................................... 33
Gambar 3.2
Grafik lengkung magnetisasi rata-rata .......................................... 36
Gambar 3.3
Bentuk dimensi dan bagian-bagian inti besi tipe EI-225 .............. 37
Gambar 3.4
Desain transformator dimensi 19,3 x 5,7 cm ................................ 38
Gambar 3.5.
Tipe EE-255 .................................................................................. 39
Gambar 3.6
Rancangan inti besi tipe EE-255 ................................................... 40
Gambar 3.7
Diode dirangkai seri pada rangkaian penyearah setengah gelombang. ........................................................................................ ....................................................................................................... 46
Gambar 3.8
Penambahan kapasitor untuk memfilter gelombang pada rangkaian penyearah setengah gelombang..................................................... 47
Gambar 3.9.
Mikroammeter. .............................................................................. 47 xi
Gambar 4.1
Koker beserta isolasi awal ............................................................. 49
Gambar 4.2.
(a) Kumparan sekunder dengan d = 0,5 mm. (b) Isolasi kumparan. (c) Kumparan primer dengan d = 2,5 mm. ................................... 51
Gambar 4.3.
Kumparan yang melebihi luas jendela inti besi. ........................... 52
Gambar 4.4.
(a) Kawat dengan lilitan yang rapat. (b) Kumparan dengan inti besi. ............................................................................................... 52
Gambar 4.5.
Rangkaian ekivalen pada tap 1. .................................................... 54
Gambar 4.6
Rangkaian Penyearah .................................................................... 56
Gambar 4.7.
Rangkaian tanpa beban ................................................................. 59
Gambar 4.8
Grafik Rc dan Xm terhadap Voc .................................................... 60
Gambar 4.9.
Harga Rc dan Xm transformator. ................................................... 60
Gambar 4.10. Rangkaian hubung singkat transformator 1 phasa. ....................... 61 Gambar 4.11 Grafik Req dan Xeq pada transformator ........................................ 62 Gambar 4.12 Nilai Req dan Xeq pada transformator. ......................................... 62 Gambar 4.13 Rangkaian ekivalen ....................................................................... 63
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 3.1 Tabel 3.2 Tabel 4.1. Tabel 4.2. Tabel 4.3 defined. Tabel 4.4. Tabel 4.5 Tabel 4.6 Tabel 4.7
Spesifikasi teknis transformator .......................................................... 32 Tebal isolasi lapisan. ........................................................................... 45 Pengukuran HVAC dengan perbandingan 10:1 ................................... 53 Nilai Ep dan rugi-rugi total di setiap tap output transformator ........... 55 Pengukuran HVAC menggunakan tegangan DC Error! Bookmark not Pengujian beban nol. ........................................................................... 59 Data pengujian hubung singkat ........................................................... 61 Pengujian polaritas transformator ....................................................... 63 Data spesifikasi transformator............................................................. 64
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