Seminar NasionalTeknikMesin X JurusanMesinFakultasTeknik UB
2-3 November 2011 rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
PROSIDING OptimalisasiPeran Teknik Mesin Dalam MeningkatkanKetahananEnergi Ketur Peyunting Dr.Eng.Yudy Surya[ST.,M.Eng. SekretarisPenyunting Dr. Slarrrt Wahyudi,ST.,MT. PenelaahAhli Prof. Ih. k Pratikto,MMT (UniversitasBrawljayaMalurg) Prof. h. ING Wrdhana M.Eng, Ph.D.(Universitas BrawiiayaMalang) Ih.Eng. Anggit Murdani,ST.,M.Eng.(POLINEMA) Dr.Eng.Budi PrawargST.,M.Eng.(LPI-TELIMEK) Penyuiling Pelaksana FranciscaGayuhUtami D, ST.,MT. Tata Letak FikulAkbsrAlamsya[ ST Dodik& Very Cetekdan Distribusi Totok S. PenanggungJawab KefuaJurusanMesin FakultasTeknikUniversitasBmwijayaMalarg PerancangSamput Dodik& Very Penerbit JurusanMesin FakultasTelnrikUaiversitasBrawijayalvlalarg Jl. MT. Itryoro 167Malang65145 Telp/Far +62-34l -55 429| Emeil;
[email protected]
The statenentsand opnian exprassedin tlrc papersare lhose d the authorsthemse/yesand not necesaily refled the qinion of the ditors aN oryanizers.Any merilionof canpany or tradename doesnotimply endorsement by oryaizers.
ISBN: 978- 6A2- 19028-0 - 6 @Wight @2011,Departement tlledranica,d EryfneertngFaculty,Brelrtfijaya universityof Matang Notto be conmerciallyrcprcducsdby any meanswithoutwfittenpemission Prirrted in Ma,lang, lndmesia,Nowmhr20ll StlTTMX li
Seminar NasionalTebtikMesin X Junn anMesinF akultasTefu i k UB
2-3November 201I rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
KATA PENGAIYTAR Dengan mengucap syukur alhamdulillah ke hadirat Allah Yang Esa yang tiada tuhan selain-Nya, kami selaku Panitia Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin X Tahun 2011 JurusanMesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya Malang dapat menyelesaikanprosiding abstrak ini. Cinta Kasih-Nya yang tak terhingga mendorong kami untuk semangatdalam kegiatan belajar mengajar yang tak pemah putus sampai masuk liang lahat, khususnya dalam hal ini ilmu-Nya yang kita telami bersamayaitu rekayasaketeknikan. Prosiding ini diharapkan mirmpu menampung para peneliti, praktisi, pemerintatr dan mahasiswauntuk mengkomunikasikanhasil-hasil penelitiannya. Prosiding ini juga merupakan sebuahwujud tanggungjawab bidang teknik mesin dalam menyumbangkanpemikiran, ide dan hasil penelitian sehinggamampu diaplikasikan ke masyarakatdan guna mendukung ketahanan energy di Indonesia Bertolak daxi hal tenebut maka JurusanMesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya Malang menggelar event akademil<Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin X Tahun 2011 yang bertajuk: 'Optimalisasi Peran Teknik Mesin dalam Meningkatkan Ketahanan Energi' Diharapkan dengan adanya serninar nasional ini, para akademisi pemerintah peneliti dan atau praktisi dapat menambah wawasan mereka serta menerapkan pengetahuannya tersebrrt dalam dwia
engineering untuk mengoptimalkan ketahanan energi nasional.
Selanjutnya akan terbina suasanaakademisyang nantinya dapat dikembangkanmenjadi wujud konglcrit di masyarakatpada umunya SemogaAllah Yang Malra Pengampunmeridhoi jerih payah kita semua.Amien.
Malang1Nopember20ll
PAMTIA SNTTMX
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Seminar NasionaITeftnikIt'Iesin X Jurtn anMesin FakultasTeknik UB
2-3 Novetnber2011 rsBN978 - 602 - 19028- 0 - 6
DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGAI\ITAR............ DAFTARrsr............
............ii ........iii
KEYNOTE SPEAKER Tantangan Keilmuwan teknikmesindi bidangnuclearreactorsafety Deendarlianto................ RancangBangundanAplikasi EngineRusnas500 cc I Nyoman Jujur..........
........... l ............... 10
BIDANG KOTIVERSI ENERGI PeningkatanEfisiensi PembakaranTungku Kayu Bakar TradisionalDengan Modifikasi Disain Bambang Ytnianto, Nazarudin Sinaga........ .................-.-24 Studi Pemanfaatan Briket Kulit JambuMete DenganKombinasiSekamPadi Dan Tongkol JagungSebagaiBahanBakarAlternatif LydiaM Salam,H Baharuddin Iufire,M. Fachry.A.R............. .........-..29 Efek Ash CampuranBatubaraMutu RendahTerhadapPotensiPembentukanSlaggingdan FoulingPadaBoilerPT. SemenTonasa 1smai1......... ............37 Pengembangan BahanBakarBriket dari CampuranKulit MetedanSekamPadi Muchammad
..........42
PengaruhAir FuelRatioTerhadapEmisi GasBuangBerbatranBakarLpg PadaRuangBakar ModelHelle-Shaw Cell I GustiNgarahPutuTenaya, MadeHardiana ..............,..47 KajianNumerikAliran UdaraPembakaran padaTangentiallyFiredPulverized-Coal Boiler Wawan AriesWidodo, Is Bunyamin Suryo,Giri Nugroho................. .....................52 Perbandingan SimulasiDenganAsumsiIdealgasDenganKondisiRealgasEffect padaKasus Combustion AlbertMeigoR.E.f, RomieO.Bura,BambangKsmonoHadi.... ........57 KarakteristikPembakaran Briket LimbahTongkolJagungDan SelramPadiDenganBerbagai Perbandingan TongkolJagungDanSekamPadi Ardi Morykau,Prof,Dr.Ir. ErtfendyArif, M. Eng....... ........-..............66 EfekKatalisator@roquet)TerhadapEmisiGasBuangMesinBensin Arljanto,AndhikaMahardika..
.....................76 sr.rTIMxliii
Seminar NasionalTebtikMesin X JurusanMesinFahtha sTebtik UB
2-3November 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
DeflagrasiLPG-UdaraYangMelalui MediaPonrus JayanSentanuhady, Desmon Purba,Tri Agmg Rohmat............
.........83
PerbandinganAntar Berbagai Model Laju PenguapanTetesanPertamaxDengan Data Eksperimen Engkos AchnwdKosasih ...........91 Studi EksperimentalPengaruhKonsumsiBahanBakarDan LamanyaWaktu TerhadapLaju Pengeringan PadaAlat PengeringIkan DenganMemanfaatkan EnergiBriket Batubara AnekaFirdaus,ST.MT,DianFerdinand, Sf............... .......................96 Analisis Pemanfaatan Gas Metana(CfL) Dari Limbah SampatrTPA TamangapaSebagai Pembangkit Tenaga(2011) Ir. LutherSule,MT..... ............... 108 StudiEksperimental OptimalisasiCampuran BahanBakarSolarDenganCrudeJatrophaOil (CJO)TerhadapKarakteristikMotor DieselDdacta ltalia TestBed T 85 D H.TeguhBudi.SA, AmrifunSaladinMohruni,Arifin.......... .................112 PemilihanAlgorinna Dan Model PotensialPada Simulasi Dinamika Molekular Tabung NanoKarbonSebagaiMediaPenyimpanHidrogen Supriyadi danNasruddin .........120 KarakteristikPembakaran TungkuGasifierTipe Cross-DraftBerbahanBdff Biomassa AdjarPratoto,AgusSutanto....... ................. 126 PotensiUnmineableCoalbedSebagaiPenyimpanEmisi GasKarbondio}sida Barlin ....................131 Analisa PerpirdalranPanasAkibat RadiasiPadaRumah secaraKonveksi PaksaDengan Menggunakan VariasiWarnaCatPutitLAbu-Abu,KuningDan TanpaCat EtlitaYohana................. ........... 134 Kajian EksperimenSistem Pendingin Lemari Radio Base System (RBS) Berbasis Termoelektrik NandyPutra,A'rasyFahruddin,WayanNata,Ridholrwansyah.. ......139 TheI{AZOP Of HVAC StarEnerg5r HarjantoG, Samsul Kamal,Prajitno
..........,147
OptimasiSistemPendinginJoule-ThomsonDenganMenggunakanCampuranHidrokarbon Melalui SimulasiProgaramMatlab8.5 DanRefprop8.0 Riz$ Arif Hidryaf.................. ......................157 AnalisaPerbandingan KinerjaMesinPendinginMenggunakan Mc-22 SebagaiPenggantiR-22 Yusvardi Y*uf,,Ni KetutCaturwati, ImronRosyadi...... ..................... 165
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Seminar Nasi onalTebtikMesin X JurusanMesinF akuhasTebri k UB
2-3 November 2011 rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Analisis Saluran Udara PendinginanMotor Lisbik Pada Lokomotif Diesel Elekhik Traro
.....215
StudiEkperimentalPengaruhJumlahLubarg LaluanUdara PadaAlat PengeringIkan Baung Tipe Rak Menggunakan Briket BatubaraTerhadapLaju Pengeringan IsmailThamrin, RobbyUszaPerdana................ ..........220 ExperimentalStudy on the Flow Pattemand PressureDifferenceFluctuationduring the SteamCondensation in a HorizontalAnnulusPipe Sukamta, Indarto,Pumomo,TriAgungRohmat..,.......... ..................231 PengaruhPosisiSilinder Teriris Tipe-D seb4gi PengontrolPasifdi DepanSilinderUtama SirkulerTohadapGayaDrag SilinderUtamaSikuler Triyogi Yuwono,WawanAries Widodo,DapotBoni TuaRaja Guguhdan Dahlia Ansisti Pramesti .,............236 PengaruhVariasi KekasaranPermukaanpadaProfil Bola terhad4 Disfribusi Tekanandan Separasi Nowiany4ma11nh........... ......241
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Seminar NasionalTebtikMesin X JurusanMesi nF akuI tasTebti k UB
2-3Novenber2011 rsBN978- 602- 19A28- 0 - 6
Analisa Frekuensidalam PengukuranKecepatanAliran Dua Fasapada SaluranTertutup Menggunakan GelombangUlftasonik Khasani, Dziby Firdaasi.............. Muhammad AgungBratruntya, .....................249 Studi Eksperimen Performansi Ejector Aliran Dua Fase dengan Fluida Kerja Karbondioksida(CO) danNifrogen(N2) Is Bunyamin 5uryo.......... Wawan AriesWidodo, ...........253 PasifterhadapBoundaryLayerdidalamFlat-WalledDiffrrserdenganSuction Pengendalian danBlowing melaluiRectangularSlot Sutardi, N................ Rinenggo ...................259 Studi KarakteristikAliran didalamBoundaryLayer TurbulendidalamAsymmehicFlatWalledDiffirser20o Sutardi, FirchiL .....................266 Pemodelan LiquidJetGasPumpyangBekerjaSebagai VacuumEjector Daru Sugati, Indarto,Purnomo, Sutrisno.
.................., .271
PengaruhModel TurbulensipadaAnalisis KomputasiKontrol Aktif Aliran terhadapDrag AerodinamikaReversedAhmedBody Harinaldi,RustanTarakkn, SabarP.Simanungkalit...... Budiarso, .....................276 PengaruhPenambatran terhadry KoefisienTekananSilinder Sirkular Silinder Pengganggu TersusunTandempadaSaluranSempitBerpenampang Bujur Sangkar W6wan AriesWidodo, ArdharuUsdhisttoko ...............284 KarakteristikAliran danPerpindahan PanaspadaBaffles Ary Bachtiarl(hrisnaPutra,Djatmiko,SooWhanAhn...............
.....290
Effect of Installinga threadrod on pressuredrop reductionin a channelwith two circular cylinderin tandemarrangement WawanAries Widodo,Alfin Andnot Permana..... .........294 EfekPeletakanInjeksi GelembungMiko TerhadapHambatanTotalKapalModel Gtmawan, M. Baqi,Ywtuar
....300
Studi EksperimentalPengaruhPenambahanDisturbanceBody TerhadapKaralceristik Aliran Yang Melintasi SebuahSilinder Sirkular Yang TersusunSecaraTandemDalam SaluranSempit AriesWidodo, PratistaHariyotto... Wawan ..................306 PengaruhKecepatanUdarapadaWavy fin dan Tube HeatExchangerterhadapKarakteristik Aliran danPerpirdahanPanas Prabowo, Ary Bactiar,Temaja, Renatho...... .................312 AdsorpsiIsosterikCO: Bertelcanan Tinggi PadaKarbon Alcif denganPersamaan Model T6th AwaludinMartin,Bambang&tryawan, Muhammad ldrusAlhamid,Nasruddin.....................318 SbITIMXlvi
Seminar NasionalTeknikMesinX JurusanMesin FakuhasTeknik UB
2-3Novernber 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
PengaruhKecepatanAir Pada PembentukanGelembungPada Aliran Air Yang Searah Jrum Nosel ,...323 Warjito ManusSetyantono, Studi KarakteristikFluida Kerja HydrokarbonRamattLinglarnganpada Siklus Rankine Oreanik(SRO)bertenagaSurya Harinaldi ..................328 RuliNutranta,M. IdrusAlfiamid,Nasrudin, KonsumsiEnergidalamTransisiAliran Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille Prajitno,Sutrisno,Indarto,Purnomo
........334
Of Saturn-20GasTurbineAs PrimeMover Of ElectricGenerator ThePerformance .....................338 KhairulMuhajir Effect of DynamicTwisted Mixer on AmmoniaMassDistribution at NHI-SCR Catalytic systembyNumericalSimulation Filterfor DieselEngrneAfterheatment ..........347 5yaifu1........ Monitoringof TheUnionCenfrifugalPump A.Rianto S ................ Greg.Harjanto,
........353
Studi KarakteristikKerja Hot Well Pump(HWP) PadaPembangkitListrik TenagaPanas Bumi @LTP) Khasonidan ChrisYudhoHardianto -.......360 KajianefekoksigenberlebihpadamotorDiesel AbrarRizadan&tdiantoto................
.........365
Studi ExperimentalDan Numerik PengaruhVariasi CerobongMasuk Turbine Ventilator TerhadapUnjuk Kerja TurbineVentilator ..........368 Fatah,TriyogiYuwono dan WawanAries Widodo Iufisbahhul AnalisisKebutuhanDayaPompaUntukDistibusi Air Bersih SaidHi. Abbas,Alwi Albaar,JadidHamimAde...........,.
..................373
AnalisisUnjuk Kerja KompresorSentrifugaldanRuangBakarTurbinGasMi*ro FrotoX-l ......382 AhmadIndra Siswantara,StevenDarmowan,EfendiManurung ManajemenTermalHeatSinkpadaModul KendaliMotor KendraanHibrid TintonDwiAtnaja,GhalyaPikradot Kristianlsmai|,.............
.......390
KinerjaMesinPendiqginSistemVrv-Ii DanVrv-Iii DenganKapasitas40 Hp Rahmau'ati................. ....................395 CaturwatiNK Yuswardi,Indah Pengujian Teknik Mengemudi Hemat Energi Pada KendaraanPenumpangUntuk MendukungProgramSmartDriving di Indonesia ..........400 Sinaga...,.... Nazaruddin
SI.ITIMX lvii
Seninar NasionalTebtikMesin X Junn anMe sinFahthasT efuik UB
2-3 November 201I rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Kaji EksperimentalPengaruhBeberqpaParanteter Berkendaraan TerhadapTingkatKonsumsi BahanBakarKendaraanPenumpang KapasitasSilinder 1500- 2000CC NazantddinSinaga,TabahPriorykoso,Della Widayona, KosimAbdurrohncm.....................409 OplimalisasiKonsumsiBahanBakarKapal SkalaPenuhBerdasarkan AnalisaUji Tarik Kapal Model MarcusAlberthTalahatu, Gtmawana danIuI&aqi........... ...............416 AplikasiBrownGas(HIIO) padaMobil BermesinKarburatorKapasitas l000cc HarusLG,A.HaHma, I lrlyoman Sampurno, S*antra...... .................420 SistemRefrigerasiCascadedenganRefrigeranCampuranKarbonDioksidadanEthaneuntuk Temperatur -80oC DarwinRB.Syakn, Nasrudin, M. IdrusAlhamid.........,. ...................420 FoodBeverageDeliveryServicesdenganCool Box Multi FungsiRamahLingtungan Imansyah lbnuHabim,Mangsur ................429 OptimasiMulti Objektif dari SistemPengkondisianUdara untuk Top Coat Booth pada IndushiCIomotif RatikCI......... Nasruddin, ....,.....435 PengaruhKekasaranDinding Pipa PadaAkurasi PengukuranAliran Gas DenganTurbine Meter WarjitodanBhreKumaraHanggaWiaya........ ............443 KarakteristikPompaAir EneryiTermaMenggunakan PipaOsilasi%Inci FA Rusdi Sambada.........
.........448
Rancangan Alat Penghemai Bbm PadaSepeda Motor MuhMusniHerbalubun.............AhmadSeng, ...
.-.-....452
Pemanfaatan PotensiAngn dan Turbin Angrn Tipe Darius untuk PembangkitListrik yang RamahLinglarngan ArisBudimoLJamaludin.. HasyimAsy'ari, ..................459 PerananPernbangkit Lishik Tenap Nuklir TerhadapPergeseran KekuatanSistemGlobal Suharto....... .........464 Peningkatan EfisiensiLisfik Sel SuryaDenganMenggunakan PerdinginanAir Aliran Paksa Rahmat 5ubarkah............ .......470 Analisis PerformansiKolektor SuryaJenis Tubular DenganMenggunakanPasir Sebagai MediaPenyimpanPanas I(etutAstawa,I MadeDwi BudianaPenindra,I l,lyomanArya Warsita........ .......475
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Seminar NasionalT ebtikMesin X JurusanMesin FahultasTebik UB
2-3November 201I rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Unjuk Kerja Model Kincir Angtn BerporosVertikal denganSudu-suduBerbentukLayar Ufuk Tip VariasiPorsiLingkaranSudu Rines.......... ..........480 Kaji Aplikasi MetodeMonteCarlopadaKomputasiBebanTermalRadiasiSurya HendiRiyotto................
........486
Kaji Eksperimental Kincir Angrn BudiSugiharto,AnqndikoNevada.......
..,...493
PotensiEnergi Listrik TenagaArus Bawah Laut Di Selat BangkaKabupatenMinahasa Utara-Sulawesi Utara Rompas, Parabelem JenlyManonglcoa, Davidsen Mapalieya.. ........498 Aplikasi batrankompositseratramipadaperancangan pembuatan bladerotorturbin angintipe propelertiga bladedengandaya3000watt YerdyA. Koehuan,KristomusBoimau,WellemFridz Galla. ............504 CapabilityStudyOf GardenPlant inthe Absorptionof SolarHeattoOvercome LocalHeat AhmadSyuhada, DartyinHarundanNurulHusna ......512 KonversiEnergiGelombangDenganMetodeSuduOsilasi Gesang Nugroho...............
.....519
SimutasiCFDTurbinFrancisKecepatan SpesifikMenengatrdengan HeadRendah Gusriwandi. PengaruhPenempatan PenghalangBerbentukSegitigaDi DepanSilinderDenganVariasi Kecepatan Aliran UdaraTerhadapkoe{isienDrag Si PutuGedeGunawanTista,I GustiAgmg KadeSuriadi, PutuPagehAstav'a...................529 PengaruhPerpindahan PanaspadaKondensordalamPembuatan CairanCondensat Syamsul Arifin P, DumaHasan,WellyLifu Padang....... ...........,......534 AnalisisKinematikaDanDinamikaSmartGreenhouse untukTanarnmHidroponik Rafiuddin Syam,HammadaAbbas, MuhammadAlwi............ ..........542 Kajianteknispemanfaatan arakbali sebagaiBahanbakaratterndif padamesininjeksi I GustiKetutSukadana ..........549 PengaruhJumlahBlade TerhadapUnjuk Kerja Model Tubin Angin Poros Vertikal Tipe Savonius Hermqwan. .........554 PerhitunganEkonomis Lead Acid Battery Base Electic Vehicle dari Sudut Pandang Penggunaan Energi I(ristianIsmail,AamMuharam ............,.....560
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Seminar Nasi onaITekniklulesin X JurusanMesinFahthasT ehti h UB
2-3November 2011 rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
KinerjaTangkiTekanPadaSisternDistribusiAir Kaji TeoritisDanEksperimental Nasaruddin 5a1am..........
.........564
AnalisaPengaruhPenggunaan BahanBakarLpg DanPertamaxTerhadapEmisi GasBuang PadaMotorMatic RizqiFitri Naryanto......... Sudarsono, ........569 PengaruhVariasiSudutStaticMixer TerhadapLaju Perpindatran Panasheat Exchanger Putnami,DennyWidhiyanuriyawan ...........577 PengaruhVariasi Agen Casifikasi Gas Karbon Dioksida dan TemperaturKerja Realtor terhadapKomposisiGashoduserpadaGasifikasiSewageSludge Adi Subagia,MadeSucipta I NyomanSuprapta Winrya, I Wayan .................... 582 Analisa Traksi Dan KebutuhanDaya Engine Minimum Untuk KendaraanTruk Angkutan BarangJalurDenpasar-Gilimanuk AAIA Sril(omaladewi, I KetutAdi Atmika,luladeDwi Budiana................ ..........589 Kaji CFD PengaruhDiameter Branch TerhadapKinerja PemisahanAliran Campuran Minyak-Air di dalamT-junction DewiPuspitasari, Sugianto, Indarto,Khasani...... .........594 PengaruhPenarnbahan Min),akJelantahTerhadapKinerjaMotor BensinDua Langkah Hary Wbowo,A.A.PutuSusastriawan .....601 PengaruhWaktu TransesterifikasiMinyak Biji Alpukat dan Variasi PersentaseMetanol Terhadap SifatFisikBiodiesel NurkholisHamidi,Demywidhiyanuriawan ................606 PengaruhTemperaturTransesterifikasi MinlxakBiji Alpukat danKatalis Koh TerhadapSifat FisikBiodiesel NurkholisHamidi,Dennywidhiyouriawan............ ....611 BIDAITG KONTRI]KSI Aplikasi Rotor Yang DipercepatSebagaiMetode Untuk MereduksiAmplitudo Getaran MelewatiDaerahTak StabilPadaRotorAnisotropi JhonMalta,Efu Satria,LovelySon,GetarElbaPerjaka............... .....................616 Studi KarakteristikGetaran PadaSistemSuspensiPegasDaun dan PegasSpiral Akibat PengaruhKondisiPermukaan JalanDanKecepatanYangBervariasi WiwiekHendrowati, J. Lubi,HarusLabota Guntur.... ..................,622 RancangBangunMekanismeMulti-Layer PiezoelectricVibration Energy HarvestingDan Pengimuh EksitasiGetaranPadaEnergiYangDihasilkan WiwiekHendrowati, BanbangDaryantoW'.,lt{yomanSutotra..... .....................627
SNTTMXlx
Seminar NasionalTeknikMesinX JurusanMesin FakuhasTebti k UB
2-3November 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
PengaruhVariasi Frekuensi dan Amplitudo Eksitasi terhadap Energi Bangkitan pada VibrationErnrgy Harvesterdi SuspensiKendaraanRodaEmpat AAzizAchmad............... HarusLG, WiwiekHendrowati, ................633 SorgumTEP-3 ModifikasidanUji KinerjaMesinPenyosoh Yusuf Djoko Suharto....... Asep
.................638
Kapal CatamaranPembersihSampahPermukaanSungaidenganConveyordan Keranjang Penampung Portable 8aqi.M....... Sunaryo, ..............646 Perancangandan PembuatanMesin PembuatAlur Dinding Dalam Lubang Laras Pada SenapanAngin ProdukIndustri Kecil Dalam UsahaPeningkatanKualitasdan Standarisasi KomponenUtamanya BRM.D. Widodo Sugtharto, R. Hatono,G. Santoso, ....650 Analisa PengaruhSudut STA Rangka SepedaBalap TerhadapEnergl Kayuh Melalui Pengukuran VolumeO*sigenYangDibutuhkanOlehPengendara Sepeda I MadeLondenBatst danDinnyHarmani.............. .....656 Desaindan ManufakturKendaraanRisetPrototipeM DTM-UI BerbasisTeknologiHibrida denganSistemKendaliCerdasPenuh Didi tfidya Utama,GandjarKiswanto,Ario &tnar Baskoro... 661 Dqtsrdono A Sumarsono, (SpindleMoulder) SumbuPorosHorisontaldan Perancangan Mesin Profil Kayu Sederhana Vertikal Aminy. AhmadYusran ............668 of Rail-RoadInterface NumericalSimulationof ContactStresses Asnowi Lubis............ AhmadSuudidan
.....673
RancangBangunRescueRobotDenganKendaliWireless RafiuddinSyamdanFakhruddin. MuWttarRahmon,
....678
Analisa Tingl€t Stabilias Bus Monocoque Medium Dengan MenggunakanSoftware Pro/ENGINEERWildFire4.0 Edy Yulianto,Arif Krisbudiman,Khairul Jaulwri, MahfudzAl Huda, Achmad kki Rahmu4Ratnalttfayasari.... ....682 BogieLokomotif Pemodelan KomputerSistsmSuspensi YtmenduAryoHotdob,Tri Hardota..... MochanmadAtlurAkbar,
....-..-.........689
Analisis Sinyal Suara Silent Chain denganMetode Domain Frekuensidar Dekomposisi Wavelet danFreddyllijcya..,...... L PulungNurprasetio ,...........696
SNTIMXIxi
Serninar Nasi onalT ebtihMesin X JurusanMesin FakultasTebti h UB
2-3 November 2011 rsBN978- 602- 19028- A- 6
denpn Menggunakan ElemenHingga AnalisisKekuatanStuktur Semi-Monocoque AchmadTnki Rshmol Khaintl Jauhari,Edy Yuliotto, RatnaMryasari, Nasril,Mahfudz ..........701 AI-Huda..... AnalisisKinematikCrawlerrobotDalamSaluranPipaMinyak BawahLaut Triwibowo... EboAgusNugrohoa,
..............707
TeganganModusIII Menggunakan TeknikJ-Integral PerhitunganNumerikFaktortrntensitas Yulio'tlferisanto,TataciptaDirgantaraa,Djarot lfidagdo,IchsanSetyaPutra.....................713 Perhitungan Numerik Faktor Intensitas Tegangan Modus III MenggunakanTeknik RetakMaya Pengatupan ..........721 IbnuSutowo,DjarotWidagdo,TataciptaDirgantara,IchsanSetyaPutra. EccentricShaftStoneCrusherDenganSoftwareAnsys AnalisaDishibusiTegangan IlyasRenreng
.......729
AnalisisKekuatanLenturProfil GDB Seb"gaiBahanRengPadaStrullur RangkaKuda-Kuda OnnyS.Sutresman.................735 BusBodi IntegralBuatanDalamNegeri Perkembangan Tono5ukarnoto..............
.........739
StrengthDesignof ToroidalTankfor LPG 3 kg Asnawi Lubis................
..........744
padaLokomotif Awal AspekCrashworthiness Perancangan AdityoPratomo,DelimaYantiSari... Rachman Setiawan, AmarHamzah,
.,........749
Kaji EksperimentalDan Teoritis LendutanBalok Dengan PenampangYang Tidak Beragam SyahrirArief. .......756 RodaDua in Motion urfuk Kendaraan Uji LaboratoriumWeigh DjokoSuhano....... AMuI HakimMasyhur,
...................762
Kekuatan Geser Prototipe Produk Socket ProsthesisAnggota Gerak Bawah Berbahan KompositSeratRamiEpoksi Agustinus Purnalrawan,TresnaP. Soemardi .............-.768 KekuatanBuckling Elasto,PlastikStruktur Silinder BerdindingTipis Akibat Penghitungan BebanTekanAksial denganMelibatkanPengaruhKetidalsempurnaan Geometi EkaSatria,Mulrydi htr, HafizTachari .....772 PerancanganPenguatMekanik pada TranduserUltrasonik BLT untuk Pengerng Zar MakananBerbasisGelombangUltrasonik Meifal Rusli,JhonMalta,Adrian,ToniYuhandri ..........781
SNTIMX lxii
2-3Novernber 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Seminar Nasional Teknik Mesin X Jurusan Mesin Fakuhas TeknikUB
Strength Design of Torcidal Tank for LPG 3kg AsnawiLubis JurasanTehnikMesin Falultas Tehtih Universins Ia npary Jalan Prolesso SoemantriBrojotugoo No.I funda Ia npmg j5145Indorcsia
AMTM In order to reducethe conswntionofkerosinein Indonesianhousehold,thegovermentofIndonesiainitiate a program of lerosine to LPG conversion in 2007. TLe target of tlnt program is to redrce the lcerosine consumtionby 9.9 million kilo liters in 2012. Thecawentdesignfor storagetankis cylindrical shapewith semielliptical head at both ends.Howeyer,from meclanical engineeringpoint of view, the strengthof a toroidal shapecould be twice the snmgth of cylindrical slnpe as usedfor LPG 3kg nowadays.If theprogram to be continuedbeyondtle year of 2012, the author would lileeto proposea changeof storaget4nk to be in toroidal shape..To choosethe best design,the author carried out a finite elementpa.rametricstudy to lind the limit pressure.Theyolumeand thicloessof the tank was lceptconstantand the radiusof toroidal wasvariedfrom 2 to I0 times the cross-sectionradius. For every changeof radius ratio, the radius of cross-sectionwas also clwngedbecausethe volamewas lceptconstatt. It wasfoud that the bestdesign indiated by the highestlimit pressure,was toroidal tank haningradius ratio offour. To takethe dfficulties in mamfacturingilto account, the ovality was introducedin thc parametric studi. Thesndy showedtlwt ovality maximamof 0.4for in-plane flattening and 0.3for out-ofplaneJlatteningare still acceptable,indicatedby the valueof limit pressureabwe theprcsswe to yield. Keyteot*:Ttoidal tanb liuit prcssure,finite clementanelyris I.PENDAIIULUAN (10 pt' bold) In orderto reducethe conzunsionof kerosine in Indonesian household the govemment of Indonesiainitide a progam of kprosineto LPG aonversionin 2007.The targst ofthe p'rogramis to reducethe kerosineconsumtionby 9.9 million kilo liters lr;^2012.This was doneby distributing into householdLFG 3-kg storagetank and valve, free of chargo, included its gas content and accesories, In running the pograrq however, there are many accidentscausedby burst type failure of the LPG tank These accidents result in conversion program run unsmooth. There are many people then, refuse following the conversion progran One of the reason is concerningthe mfety frctor of tbe +ank Image amongthe peopleis thd the quality of the tank is badand thepossiblityof aocidentis veryhiglt" The LFG storagstmk used is cylin&ical in form with suni ellipical headat bott etds. If trc conwrsion fogam of ke,losineto LPG to bc continuedbeyond2012, heatttuouglt is rceded in additionto intensiveeduactionpogram to the people. Here, toroidal tank is proposed b substitutethe cunent cylindrical shapeused fm LPG3-lq; The snrdyof static dat dpamic behaviourof tomidal shell had been curied out by many
researchen. Free vib,ration analysisi of two toroidal shell had beencarriedout by Tzotr dan Wang[U to contol the vibrationof toroidalshell structure and to enhanm its accuracy and reliability. Static dan dynamic analysis of toroidal shelt had also been carried out by Naboulsiet al [2]. JiangdanRedekop[3] canied out analysisof staticdan dynamiccharecteristics or orthotropic torcidal shells of variable thiclness and obtained solutiur basedon the shell equatiors of Sandec-Budiansky. Eryerimental limit ext€rnal Fessurc tests had been canied out on three toroidal tanls by Btachut [4], two of the tmks were &bricated fiom mild steelby spinningtwo psrt of tcoidal md wel&d d its intradosand extrados,while another onc was fabricated by welding circumferentiallybtn 9Odegreeelbows. Sress ands&ainanlpis ofLPG tants hadkr canied out by Velickovic [5] using finit€ elentent method. Kisioglu [6] is one of few researcher wbo had cani€d out investigdim m limit pr€ssureof toroidal tank of LPG storagefd vehicle in Turkey. To the anthq knowledge,it was not found in literatur€ a cornprehensive study of shength design of toroidal tanls for LPG 3-kg partioilrly for using in Indonesiur Housshold. This papcr provides results of
SNTTMXl74
Seminar Nasional TebtihMesin X Jurusan Mesin Fahitas Teknik UB
2-3 November2011 ISBN978 - 602 - 19028- 0 - 6
nonlinear finite eleinent paranrtric study of strengthdesignof toroidaltfitk fff LFG 3-kg
9
34.5
310.6
l0
33.3
JJJ.Z
2.lGeonetry Modelling Geomety modeling was done in toroidal 2. FIMTE EI,EMEN METIIOD coordinate. Torus geometry was obtained by The model of toroidal tank proposedhere is rotating a circle of radius r about an axis as basedon the LPG 3kg of PERTAMINA used shownin Fig.l. nowadays in Indonesian household with the following dah: . Oper*ingtemperature:40 to 60t 'Volunp: 7.3 liter . Operatingpressure:2.1 MPa . Hydrostaticpressure:3.2 MPa The volume of a tomidal tak is calculatedas follows: Fig.l Geometrynndeling at tooidal coodinate 2.2 l'{aterial propenies The current LFG 3 kg cylindrical shell is made frsn s€el sh€st (plate) of PT Krakdau cross-section r is the radius of tmoidal where, Steelwith specific*im JIS G3ll6 SG-295,md andR is mqiorradiusofbroidal. 2.3 rrm thidw$g Carbm steel with If paranreterp :R/r is introduced,equation(l) specificdion G3l0l SS4e thicknessof 2.5 mm canbe written as follows: is u*d fv landgaard andfootring alsoftromPT Krakatzu Stcel. While welding wire used for V = 2 n z r3 p A ) circumfercntialjoint is suppliedftom Cina with qpesification EM l2 K [7]. Hence, the radius of curvaturefor different The material properties necded for limit value ofradius ratio is calculatodasfollows pressrue finite elenpnt studies are Young's modulus,yield sfiengtl! and Poisson'srdio of 207 GPa,295 MPa, and 0.3 respectively[7]. In (v\% (3 ) this analpis it wasassumedthat the toroidalank r=l:--; | is ftbnicated by welding four 900 elbows \2n') circumftrcntially. ft was also assunedthat the To obtain the geometryof toroid thd povide circnmferential joim is defect free (ioint efficiency : l). Ottrsr assun$ion was the ttre highest value of limit pressure,prametic finite elenrn study was carried ottr fu every thicknessofthe Sell is uniformeverywhere. valueofradius ratio(p - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8,9, and l0). Table I below is corrcspondingradius of 2.3 Finite Elenent (Meshtng) Finite olements wsre divided both cross-s€ctionaccordingto equation(3) circumfercntially and longitudinally. Elemen typa uses was SIIELI2EI &om the ANSYS elensnt library. This elerpnt has eight nodes with six degree of fieedom at every node: trmsldion in the -lr, -y, ard -e direction and Table I Geometryof toroidal ftr limit pr€ssure rotation about the -)q -y, urd -z a;ris The number of eleinents in longitudinal and anal$ circumfersntial direction were 180 and 36 r, mm R/r &mm respectivcly. The adnmtags of syrmretry in 2 57.0 113.9 plane of the model was take into account.The 3 149.3 49.8 total nwuber of elernents were 6480. The 180.9 4 45.2 correspondingnumber of nodes were 19873. 42.0 2W.9 5 Typical fnite elenentmodelis shoumin Fig.Z 6 237.0 39.5 7 J7.5 262;t 8 35.9 zw.r l/ = ttz h = w 2 .2 n R = 2 x 2 r2 R
(l )
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2-3November 2011 rsBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Seminar Nasional Teknik,MesinX Jurusan Mesin Fahtltas Teknik UB
drows that the highestlinit pre*sue is give.nby radiusratio of4. Ll9 1l,5lt Lltl l'la6 1.114
$urz Ll{ 1.138 1.1t5 1.1il l.Bt 2345v.
limit pressure Fig.3Nondimensional As shown in Figure 3, limit pressurefor a toroidaltank havingradiusratio of4 is:
Fig.2 FEModel of ToroidalTank 2.4 BouzdaryConditionsand I'oading Fm finite elemenmodel as shownin Figure 2 with intemal pr€ssure loading boundary conditions that need to be applied is zero displacement(symmetry) in the direction of toroidal axis for all nodes in exFados and intrados. Internal p'r€ssureload (MPa) that need to be appliedto obtainlimit pressurecm be estimated by calculatingthe internal pres$re neededfor yielding pressurepy. F6 ntaterialpmpertiesof LPG tanlc IIS C'3116SG-295(ov:295 MPa), internal pressurefor yielding cm be calculated accordingto the following equdion:
zto, ( rp-l - )
D._=.:_!_l
|
r \z p-r)
P t = l ' 15P , From equation(4), m = 12.868MPa, so that pL= 1.15x 12.868MP a= l 4.8MP a Lubis et al [8] caniedout finite elunent study on limit prpssur€of current LPG Tank 3kg of PERTAMINA, and foundthe valueof 6.54MPa Comparingthis valuewith an equivalenttoroidal tank of radius ratio of 4, it can be secn that strengthof torodaltank is morethantwice. Figue 4 shows nondirnensional stresses. The stresseswas plofred as ratio of stress yield sfr,ess. Figure intensity(Tresca)normali:zed 4 also showsthat the b€stdesip oftoroidal tank for LPG 3-kg is havingradiusratio of4.
(4) u5 a6
Using the value of r from Table l, pressureto leld fop of 2 and l0 is 7.936MPa and 19.3M MPa respectiwly. kr this aralysig internal pres$re load of l.5py was applied fc every valus of rdius ratio p. To ottain the limit pr€ssurq internal prossurcload wc mnped in single load $€p. Nelvlon-Raphsotr{trcthod for nonlinea solutionwasirrylermted.
lla u3
.;
ul
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3. RDSI'LTS AND I}ISCUSSION Eqrdiur (4) indicded that limit pressureof toroidalbnk will irrcreaseasradiusratio increase. However,marimum pr€ssttrcmrst be limited by gcometrical reshiction kr this analisis, limit p[Essurewas given in nondinrnsional forrn after nonnalizedby pr€ssur€to yield" Nondfurensional is shown in Figure 3. The figure limit prressure
Fig.4LimitstressintensityFresca) Figure5 showsthe value of plastic limit strain plottedagaintsradiusratio. Figure5 againshowsthat the bestdesignis toroidal havingradiusratioof 4.
SNTTMXlT46
2-3 November 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Seminar Nasional TelmihMesin X Jurusot Mesin Fahthas Tehib W
circumferentialdircction canbe deErmimd from dishibution of stress intensity (Tresca) in cimferentialdkpction. From nrchanical point of view, the nsrle slpuld be loc*ed at the lowest value of sfress. Figurr 7 shows the suess intensity (Tresca)contourplot and Figure 8 and 9 show the distrihrtion of ssss and strain respectively.plotted along circumferetial from extadostowardintrados.
om OG @
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m
Fig.5 Plasticli",it ,trafr,;;.idal
tank
From figure 3, 4, and 5, it was then decidedto choce tooidal tank having radius ratio of 4 for oftsoidal shell. the next derrclopment The author is very aware of difficulties in manufacturinga toroidal tanlc There is always possiblity thait ovality inboduced during manufacndng.To accqmt fo ovality inhofuced during nranufacturingfinite eletrFnt $udy was l s- tt9 F!- € f !t.D t tJi .!t6 carriedout fur radius ratio of4, the H desip Fig.7 Stressintensity(Tresca)contourplot choosein the fortgoing discussion.In &e neil malysrs, both positive and negdive ovalisation were taken into account Positive ovalisationis defined as elongatim of radius cross section perpendicularto the plane of the tsoi4 fld negativeovalisationis elongationofradius cross sectiur in the planeof the ioroid Figure 6 showsthe reductionin limit pressure as ovality increase.It canbc conclu&d from the figurc th* ovality could be tolerals for 0.3 for 02 negatire ovalisation and 0.4 for positive OJ ovalis*io4 indicatedby the valueoflpy > l. o s J c0 ts € 90 s5 u0 135 1t0 16 Fai&dbo6 1.16
edo.,
10
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Fig.8 Distribution of plastic stress intensity along circumferential direction
1.14 u2 1.10 1S
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Fig.6 Effect of ovalisation on limit pressure
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120
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Having establfuhedthe best desip basedon pdfrni6Gd.+ia radiusrdio (p = 4\ ihe rc:( $cp is to designftr Fig.9Distributionof dastic strain intensity nozwle consftuc'tion"There are rmy design direction typesofnozde construction,suchasflush nozdg alongcircumferential portude nozzle,radial axig or inclincdaxis.This aswell aspectwill be analyzedfurtlrcr elsewherc.For Figue 8 and9 showthattheloweststrpss now, however, the pcition of nozzle along as stain locatedat 0tc offados as orpected.
SNTTMXl|747
Seminar Nasional Teknik Mesin X Jurusqt Mesin Fahthas Teknik UB
Thereforg nozzle would best be looaied at any point fiom extrados to crown (0 to 900 circumferentially).This will be the subject of further study. 4. CONCLUSION From the foregoingdiscussionof parameric sfudies to ohain the limit pneswe of toroidal strell,ttre following conclusim can be drawn:(l) the best designof toroidal tmk for LFG 3kg is toroidal tank having radiusratio of 4, (2) ovality maximumof 0.4 for positiveand0.3 for negdivc canbe tolerate4 indicatedby a small decreasoin limit pressure,(3) the best locationfor nozzleis to crown from e>rtrados ACKNOWLEDGNMtrNT The author would like to acknowledge Researchtrstitute of the University of Lampng for frrndingthis researchundercontractnumber: 329NN26l8/l(Wnlr REFERENCES tU. Tzoq H.S., dan Wang D.W., 2003, Vibration Conhol of Toroidal Sblls with Parallel and Diagonal Piezoelechic Actuators. ASME Journal of Pressure VesselTechnologt, Vil. 125,No. 2, lal' r7I - 176. I2l. ASIUI 2002 ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode,SectionVIII Division 1. t3l. Jiang W., dan Redekop,D., 2003, Ststic and Vib'ration Analysis of Orth*ropic
2-3November 2011 ISBN978- 602- 19028- 0 - 6
Tuoidal Strcllsof Vuiable Thicknessby Ditrersntial Quadratur€. Thiwwalled Stntctures,Yol.4I No.S,hal 461*78. t41. Btachut, 1., 2003, Coll4se Tesb on Externally Prss$rized Toroids. lSilE Jownal of hesvre YesselTechnologt, Yil. 125,No.I, hal.9I -96. 15l. Velickovig V, 2007, $ress and Stain States in the Material of the Stressed Toroidal Containsr for Liquefied Petnoleum Cras. Scientifrc Tecluiul Review,Yol.LWL No.j-4,pp, 94- 105. 161. Kisioglq Y., 2009, Burst Tests and Volunn Expansionsof Vehicle Toroidal LPG Fuel Tanks. Iarhsh Jounnl of Engineeing Ewironmental Science, Vol.33lwl. I 17- 125. t7l. Winarto, dan Johny WahyuadiS, 2008, Pengkajian Kareh€ristik Batran Baku (Raw Mderial) Lembaran Baja (Steel Plate) untuk Tabung Gas 3kg Produk Lokal dan Impor Secaral,Iatalurgi. BSM Indonesia. t8l. Lubis, A., Rudolf S Saragitt dan Ahrnad Suudi 2010, Studi limit tehnan pada tabung LPG 3kg dengro nptode elemen hingpa hasiding Semirur Nasiotul TahunanTehtik Mesin (SIIfiM ke-g, Ii - 15 Oloober2010, UniversitasSriwijaya, Palemfung.
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