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SESI 4: Hukum, Etika & Regulasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Problem HIV AIDS {
05 March 2007
IIn 1998 UNAIDS and d WHO estimated that 33.4 million people were currently living with HIV infection, including 13.8 million women (43%) and 1.2 million children 1 Most of these people do children.1 not even know that they are infected.
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Existing Laws on HIV-AIDS {
05 March 2007
Laws that p prohibit p private consensual behaviour that may transmit HIV can hasten the spread of the epidemic by acting as impediments to education, prevention and care programmes, mostly are not consistent with public health and human rights.
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Health , Human Rights & ODHA { { { { {
Tujuan j Penanggulangan; gg g ; Strategi global; Instrumen Hukum; Guidelines : anti-discrimination; Keywords: health services, i f information ti & prevention. ti
05 March 2007
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Penanggulangan AIDS { {
05 March 2007
Tujuan j Menjamin kelangsungan program penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di setiap tingkat administrasi melalui komitmen yang tinggi, kepemimpinan yang kuat, dukungan informasi dan sumber daya yang memadai.
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Penanggulangan AIDS ¾
Kegiatan:…….
{
Advokasi
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Pelatihan dan pendidikan
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Peningkatan mutu dan sarana
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Pendanaan
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Membentuk Pusat Data dan Informasi HIV/AIDS.
05 March 2007
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Strategi global :HIV-AIDS {
05 March 2007
Dianggap gg p sbg g : new g global challenges to health care.
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A Strategy for High-Level Response.
{
{ {
05 March 2007
it must bring g international actors together strategically. high-level political commitment, sufficient resources are provided,
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Civil Society & Private Actors {
{
05 March 2007
Pelibatan masyarakat y sipil p ( civil society) dan Private Actors sangat diperlukan ; sbg bagian dari strategi untuk menanggulangi masalah global. --Æ in p particular in social and health policy affairs
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International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, Guideline 3: Public Health Legislation
{
05 March 2007
States should review and reform public health legislation to ensure that they adequately address the public health issues raised by HIV/AIDS, that their provisions applicable to casually transmitted diseases are not inappropriately applied to HIV/AIDS and that they are consistent with international human rights obligations.
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Instrumen Hukum ¾
Tidak ada instrumen khusus mengenai HIV/AIDS;…………namun
{
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( 1966), UU No 12 Th 2005; eg…hak utk hidup.
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the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( 1966) : UU No 11 Th 2005; eg…standar kesehatan fisik & mental.
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the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979
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and the Convention on the Rights of the Child ( KHA 1989)…… UU tentang Perlindungan Anak 23/ 2004
05 March 2007
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Skema HAM HAM terkait Kepolisian dan Penegakan Hukum
HAM dalam Perang dan Konflik Bersenjata
HAM Dasar : ( Sipil &Politik) – (Eko& Sosial &Budaya) HAM : Melekat pada Wanita
HAM : Melekat pada Kolektifitas HAM : Kelompok Rentan HAM : Pembangunan dan Lingkungan
05 March 2007
HAM melekat pd Pengngsi/IDPs
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HAM : Melekat Pada AnakAnak 11
Guideline 5: Anti discrimination.
{
05 March 2007
States should enact or strengthen antidiscrimination and other protective laws that protect vulnerable groups, people living with HIV/AIDS and people with disabilities from discrimination in both the public and private sectors, that will ensure privacy and confidentiality and ethics in research involving human subjects, emphasize education and conciliation and provide for speedy and effective administrative and civil remedies
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Diskriminasi ( ODHA ) {
{
{
05 March 2007
Merupakan salah satu pelanggaran yg paling li signifikan i ifik d dalam l masalah l h yg berkaitan dgn HIV/AIDS. Menghalangi partisipasi dan integrasi ODHA di dalam masyarakat; langkah legal :……buat aturan yg antidiskriminasi secara umum...setiap bentuk diskriminasi adalah terlarang.
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Anti discrimination.
{
{
05 March 2007
The focus of antidiscrimination laws is educative rather than punitive. Bukan efek penjeraan -Æ mendidik.
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ODHA >< Access to health services {
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People lack access to essential medicines; krn pelayanan kesehatan tidak dapat diakses dan (mungkin) tidak memadai. Kendala : sosial-ekonomi (transport and costs), political marginalisation.
05 March 2007
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Key words: health services ( ODHA)
{
{
{
Dlm Hk Dl Hk: “justice “j ti delayed: d l d justice j ti denied” Dlm kesehatan : karena perawatan yg tertunda atau tak ada perawatan sama sekali. The denial of right to health services means people are dying.
05 March 2007
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Key words – informasi, pencegahan , perawatan:
{
{
{
IInformasi f i & edukasi d k i yg didukung/didasari did k /did i bukti. Informasi & edukasi yg secara kultural tepat dan format bisa diterima oleh masyarakat, sbg langkah pencegahan. Kebutuhan: bu u a akses a terhadap adap sarana a a a pencegahan dan perawatan.
05 March 2007
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HIV & Hukum {
{
05 March 2007
HIV bukan hanya y masalah virus , tetapi mengharuskan perubahan dalam tingkah-laku sexual dan regulasinya yg bersumber pada HAM. Regulasi HIV-AIDS : regulasi hubungan antar manusia.
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Improvement of Laws re: HIV AIDS, cases of most affected countries {
05 March 2007
{
05 March 2007
Botswana President Festus G. Mogae announced in 1998 a government monthly allowance (means-tested) for people living with HIV
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President Nelson Mandela of South Africa, Honorary President of the Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS launched in Edinburgh in October 1997, said:“Many people live with HIV and AIDS, and many are at risk of becoming infected. Yet the reality is that the rights which should protect them from the vulnerabilities which AIDS sufferers endure are not adequately respected. We need to confront that reality and speak out against it
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{
05 March 2007
the then Deputy p y President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa launched a national public awareness campaign in October 1998. Many workers were given the day off work to listen to his televised speech, and flags flew at half-mast on government buildings.
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