POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By: SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI A320130108
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF TEACHER AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2017
TESTIMONY I’m the researcher, signed on the statement below: Name
: SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI
NIM
: A320130108
Study/Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Politeness Strategies of Inviting Utterances by English Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there in no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university, nor there are option of masterpiece which has been written or published by others, expect those in which writing are referred manuscript and mentioned in the literary review and bibliography. If later, the result of this research is proven as plagiarism, I will fully responsible and willing to accept sanction in according with applicable regulation.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017 The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini A320130108
ii
APPROVAL
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
By: Sholihah Dwi Nuraini A320130108
Approved by Consultant:
Consultant 1
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum. NIK. 225
iii
ACCEPTANCE
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA Written by: Sholihah Dwi Nuraini A320130108 Accepted by: The Board of Examiners of School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta The Board Examiner: 1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Chair Person) 2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
(..................................................)
(Member I) 3. Koesomo Ratih, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Member II) Surakarta, 03 April 2017 Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta School of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum iv
NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001 MOTTO “Allah will not give mercy to anyone, except those who give mercy to other creatures.” (Anonymous)
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DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
My beloved father (Mukriyanto)
My beloved mother (Suwarti)
My older sister (Prista Ayu Nurjannah)
My younger brother (Muhammad Nurudin and Muhammad Nurhidayah)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. All the praises be to Allah who has given the ease and smoothness to the researcher, so the researcher can finish this research paper entitled “POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA”. This research paper is one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of Department of English Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This research paper cannot be finished without the help and the constributions from many people. Thus, the researcher would like to express big thanks to: 1.
Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Setiaji, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, the Head of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum, the researchers’ academic advisor.
5.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, the consultant who has given a lot of knowledge, criticisms, and advice to researcher until this research paper is finished.
6.
Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M. Hum as the lecturer in speaking I who has given the opportunity to the researcher to takes the data.
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7.
All the lectures in English Department of Muhmmadiyah University of Surakarta, thank you very much for all the knowledge and experience that have been shared to the researcher.
8.
All students who have participated in the data collection.
9.
Her beloved family (her father, her mother, her older sister, and her younger brother), thank you very much for all the support, advice, motivation, and prayer.
10.
Her crazy friends (Ibnu, Novita, Putri, Rian, and Dani) that have colored her days with a joke, a smile, and a sorrow.
11.
Great family of EDSO 2014 who has given a lot of experience to the researcher, especially for second division (miss. Irin, miss Intan, mr. Wawan, Ibnu, Ambar, Zulfa, Vita, Dwiki, Wawan, Bachtiar, and Yusron).
12.
Her incredible partner of the first division (Fathoni and Tafsir) and her beloved member of the first division 2015.
13.
Her beloved friends in Department of English Education who cannot be mentioned one by one.
14.
The member of ‘Kos Unyu’ (mb. Yessy, mb. Dika, Evi, and Devi) who are always give support and make her days cheerful.
15.
All staffs who help the researcher in processing the administration.
16.
Everyone who has helped the researcher. Thank you very much for all of the prayer, advice, support, and
everything that has made the researcher successfully completed this research paper. The writer hopes this research paper can provide benefits for everyone and can contribute in education, especially in a field of linguistics.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017 The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini viii
A320130108
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum Department of English Education University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127) E-mail:
[email protected] ABSTRACK This research focuses on invitation strategies and politeness strategies used by English Department students. The data of this research are inviting utterances made by the students of the first semester of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The data sources are the documents which consist of utterances of students’ answer. The researcher collects the data by using DCT (Discourse Completion Task). The DCT contains the script dialog that shows various scenarios. To analyze invitation strategies the researcher adopted strategies of Suketi (2014), while to analyze politeness strategies the researcher uses the theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). The result shows that (1) there are fourteen strategies of invitation used by English Department students and (2) there are four strategies of politeness used by English Department students. The fourteenth strategies of invitation are performative strategy, asking for willingness strategy, want strategy, imperative strategy, hoping strategy, and the others strategy are the combination of asking for willingness plus hoping strategy, asking for willingness plus imperative strategy, hoping plus asking for willingness strategy, imperative plus hoping strategy, performative plus asking for willingness strategy, performative plus hoping strategy, want plus asking for willingness strategy, want plus hoping strategy, and want plus performative strategy. Meanwhile, most of the students usually use the strategy of asking for willingness, because this strategy is used to get definite answer from the hearer; and the fourth strategies of politeness are bald-on record strategy, off record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness strategy. Here, the most dominant strategy is negative politeness, because this strategy is indicated by lengthening the distance. It emphasizes the hearers’ right to freedom and can be seen as a deference strategy. Keywords: invitation strategies, politeness strategies
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POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum Department of English Education University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127) E-mail:
[email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi undangan dan strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Data dari penelitian ini adalah ungkapan-ungkapan dalam mengundang yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Sumber datanya adalah dokumen-dokumen yang terdiri dari ungkapan-ungkapan dari jawaban mahasiswa. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan DCT (Wacana Penyelesaian Tugas). Untuk menganalisis strategi undangan peneliti menggunakan strategi dari Suketi (2014), sedangkan untuk menganalisis strategi kesantunan peneliti menggunakan teori dari Brown dan Levinson (1978). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empatbelas strategi undangan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris dan (2) terdapat empat strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Keempatbelas strategi undangan tersebut adalah strategi performatif, strategi meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan, strategi imperatif, strategi pengharapan, dan strategi lainnya adalah kombinasi dari strategi meminta kesediaan plus pengharapan, strategi meminta kesediaan plus imperatif, strategi pengharapan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi imperatif plus pengharapan, strategi performatif plus meminta kesediaan, strategi performatif plus pengharapan, strategi keinginan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan plus pengharapan, dan strategi keinginan plus performatif. Sementara itu, kebanyakan siswa memilih menggunakan strategi meminta kesediaan, karena strategi ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan jawaban yang pasti dari mitra tutur; dan keempat strategi kesantunan adalah strategi bald-on record, strategi off record, strategi kesantunan positif, dan strategi kesantunan negatif. Disini, strategi yang paling dominan adalah kesantunan negatif, karena strategi ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu jarak. Strategi ini memberikan kebebasan hak pada mitra tutur dan dapat dilihat sebagai strategi penghormatan. Kata kunci: strategi mengundang, strategi kesantunan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .............................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
ABSTRACK ...................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................
xiii
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIX ...................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study........................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ..........................................................
3
C. Focus of the Study..................................................................
3
D. Objective of the Study............................................................
3
E. Benefit of the Study ...............................................................
3
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A. Underlying Theory .................................................................
5
1.
Notion of Pragmatics ......................................................
5
2.
Scope of Pragmatics ........................................................
6
3.
Pragmatic Competence ...................................................
7
4.
Interlanguage Pragmatics ................................................
8
5.
Speech Act ......................................................................
9
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6.
Invitation .........................................................................
11
7.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
12
8.
Politeness ........................................................................
13
B. Previous Study .......................................................................
19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research....................................................................
25
B. Object of the Study.................................................................
25
C. Research Data and Data Source .............................................
25
D. Technique of Collecting Data ................................................
25
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................
28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Data Analysis .........................................................................
29
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
29
2.
Politeness Strategies .......................................................
63
B. The Findings ..........................................................................
98
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
98
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
101
C. Discussion ..............................................................................
104
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
104
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
105
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion .............................................................................
107
B. Pedagogical Implication .........................................................
108
C. Suggestion ..............................................................................
109
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................
110
APPENDIX .....................................................................................................
113
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AW
: Asking for Willingness
AWH
: Asking for Willingness + Hoping
AWI
: Asking for Willingness + Imperative
BOR
: Bald on Record
H
: Hoping
HAW
: Hoping + Asking for Willingness
I
: Imperative
IH
: Imperative + Hoping
NP
: Negative Politeness
OR
: Off Record
P
: Performative
PAW
: Performative + Asking for Willingness
PH
: Performative + Hoping
PP
: Positive Politeness
W
: Want
WAW
: Want + Asking for Willingness
WH
: Want + Hoping
WP
: Want + Performative
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LIST OF TABLE
TABLE Table 3.1 Classification of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) ...................
26
Table 4.1 List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Invitation Strategies .......................................................................................
98
Table 4.2 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the Invitation Strategies.......................................................................
99
Table 4.3 the List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Politeness Strategies .......................................................................................
101
Table 4.4 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the Politeness Strategies ......................................................................
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102
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1. Data of the Research....................................................................
xv
113
