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PENGARUH PAPARAN GAS NOx TERHADAP KAPASITAS VITAL PARU PADA PEDAGANG KULINER DI DEPAN PUSAT GROSIR SOLO DAN PASAR BUKU SRIWEDARI SURAKARTA
Muhammad Iqbal R.0212031
PROGRAM DIPLOMA 4 KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2016
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ABSTRAK
Muhammad Iqbal, R0212031, 2016. Pengaruh Paparan Gas NOx terhadap Kapasitas Vital Paru pada Pedagang Kuliner di Depan Pusat Grosir Solo dan Pasar Buku Sriwedari Surakarta, Diploma 4 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
LatarBelakang :Nitrogen oksida(NOx) di udara merupakan gas beracun dan berbahaya apabila terhirup oleh manusia, yang salah satunya dihasilkan oleh emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Setelah bereaksi dengan atmosfir zat ini membentuk partikel-partikel nitrat yang amat halus yang dapat menembus bagian terdalam paru-paru.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Paparan Gas NOx terhadap Kapasitas Vital Paru pada Pedagang Kuliner di Depan Pusat Grosir Solo dan Pasar Buku Sriwedari Surakarta.
Metode :Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, dengan sampel penelitian 41 pedagang kuliner wanita. Teknik Sampling yang digunakan adalah Simple Random Sampling.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar NOx di udara menggunakan Portable Combustion Gas Analyzer IMR dan mengukur kapasitas vital paru dengan Spirometer. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji statistik nonparametrik Mann Whitney untuk menguji pengaruh antara paparan NOx di udara dengan kapasitas vital paru.
Hasil :Hasil penelitian dari 41responden yang diteliti menunjukkan 34,1% responden memiliki kapasitas vital paru normal dan 65,9% mengalami penurunan kapasitas vital paru. Rerata usia responden 38,39 tahun. Rerata status gizi responden 24,36 atau mengalami kegemukan. Hasil pengukuran NOx di area kuliner di depan pusat grosir solo 75,93 ug/mg dan di pasar buku sriwedari 58,83 ug/mg. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan dengan nilai p value = 0,234
Simpulan :Tidak terdapat Pengaruh Paparan Gas NOxterhadapKapasitas Vital Paru pada Pedagang Kuliner di Depan Pusat Grosir Solo dan Pasar Buku Sriwedari Surakarta.
Kata Kunci :NOx, kapasitas vital paru, pedagangkuliner, pedagangbuku.
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ABSTRACT
Muhammad Iqbal, R0212031, 2016. The Effect of NOx Gas exposure Against Vital Capacity of Culinary Traders in Pusat Grosir Solo and Buku Sriwedari Market Surakarta, Diploma 4 Occupational Helath and Safety Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University.
Background :Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air is a toxic gas and dangerous if inhaled by humans, one of which is generated by motor vehicle exhaust emissions. After these substances react with the atmosphere it forms finely nitrate particles that can penetrate to the deepest parts of the lungs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NOx gas exposure against vital capacity Culinary Traders in Pusat Grosir Solo and Buku Sriwedari Market Surakarta.
Method :This research is Observational Analytic using Cross Sectional approach by 41 women culinary traders and books traders as sample of the research. Use Simple Random Sampling as sampling method. Data collecting by measuring the levels of NOx gas exposure using Portable Combustion Gas Analyzer IMR and Spirometer to measuring vital capacity. This research’s analysis uses nonparametric Mann Whitney to test the effects between the levels of NOx gas exposure in the air and vital capacity..
Result :The results of the 41 respondents survey show 34.1% of respondents have normal vital capacity and a 65.9% degression in vital capacity. The mean age of 38.39 years old respondents. Average nutritional status of respondents or 24.36 or obese. The results of measurements of NOx in the culinary area in Pusat Grosir Solo 75.93 ug / mg and in the buku Sriwedari market 58.83 ug / mg. Mann Whitney test result shows is no significant effect with p value = 0.234
Conclusion :There is no significant effect between NOx gas exposure in the air with the vital capacity Culinary Traders in PusatGrosir Solo and BukuSriwedari Market Surakarta.
Keywords: NOx, vital capacity, culinary traders, and books traders.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL...........................................................................................i PERSETUJUAN .................................................................................................ii PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................iii ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................v PRAKATA .........................................................................................................vi DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................x BAB I.
PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang ..............................................................................1 B. Rumusan Masalah.........................................................................4 C. Tujuan ...........................................................................................5 D. Manfaat .........................................................................................5
BAB II. LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................7 A. Tinjauan Pustaka...........................................................................7 B. Kerangka Pemikiran .....................................................................27 C. Hipotesis .......................................................................................27 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................28 BAB IV. HASIL ................................................................................................37 BAB V. PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................43 BAB VI. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................................48 A. Simpulan .......................................................................................48 B. Saran .............................................................................................48 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................50 LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Standar IMT .......................................................................................19 Tabel 2. Standar konsentrasi NOx ....................................................................24 Tabel 3. Distribusi karakteristik responden berdasarkan usia, IMT, NOx dan Kapasitas Vital Paru. ..........................................................................38 Tabel 4. Tendensi karakteristik Responden berdasarkan usia, IMT, paparan gas NOx, dan Kapasitas Vital Paru (KVP) ...............................................39 Tabel 5. Uji normalitas karakteristik responden ...............................................41 Tabel 6. Hasil Uji Pengaruh karakteristik Responden dengan Kapasitas Vital Paru .....................................................................................................42
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Anatomi Sistem Pernapasan ..........................................................9 Gambar 2. Spirometri ......................................................................................20 Gambar 3. Kerangka Pemikiran ...................................................................... 27 Gambar 4. Denah Lokasi Penelitian ................................................................ 28 Gambar 5. Desain Penelitian ........................................................................... 31 Gambar 6. Wisata Kuliner di depan Pusat Grosir Solo ................................... 37 Gambar 7. Distribusi Frekuensi Penurunan Kapasitas Vital paru dan Kapasitas Vital Paru Normal Responden Pedagang Kuliner Lapangan Pasar Buku Belakang Sriwedari Surakarta .............................................. 40
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1.Surat Izin Penelitian Lampiran 2.Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian Lampiran 3. Informed Consent Lampiran 4. Etika Cleaerance Lampiran 5. Hasil Lab Lampiran6. Data Hasil Pengukuran Responden Lampiran7. Data Hasil Uji SPSS Lampiran8. Dokumentasi
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