TESIS
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN SANSEVIERA SEBAGAI PEREDUKSI KARBON DIOKSIDA PADA RUANG TERTUTUP
DISUSUN OLEH:
GEMA TITAH PANYEGAR 125401863
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA 2015
INTISARI Isu pemanasan global saat ini menjadi isu yang ramai dibicarakan, salah satunya tantangan solusi mengenai permasalahan IAQ g dunia dalam pencarian p g p Q ((Indoor Air besar Quality). Manusia sebagian be bes sar hidupnyaa berada ber e ada didalam bangunan. Penting bagi kita untuk sangat ppeduli eduli dengan permasalahann in ed ini. Pada ruangan berpenyejuk udara terpisah tidak ak terdapat mekanisme untuk pergantian pergan nti tian udara segar. Hal ini yang merupakan Buliding an salah satu pe ppemicu micu SBS ( Sick Bulid idin ing Syndrome) yang dampaknya akan degenerative ak secara degene neraati t ve v mengganggu men engg ggan angg g u kesehatan n manusia didalam bangunan. permasalahan bangunan n. Melihat pe erm rmasalah han ttersebut erse er sebu butt maka maka potensi pot otensi tanaman tanam man a Sanseviera menarik Tanaman mereduksi dioksida menariik untuk diangkat. diangk gkat at.. Ta T naman ini mampu me ere redu duks k i karbon dio oks k ida (CO2) maupun polutan-polutan pengumpulan maup upun polut utan an-polutan lain. laiin. Metode Met etod odee pe peng ngumpula l n data daata dilakukan dilakukan an dengan penelitian reduksi peenelitian laboraturium lab abor orat aturium m untuk untuk merekam angka redu duks ksi CO22 yang yang dilakukan dilakukkan a oleh tanaman Sanseviera. menggunakan alat indoor tanamann Sa Sans n eviera ra. Perekaman data (CO2) menggunak akan an ala at combo co omb m o indo oor o air quality qualit ityy meter met eter ((AZ AZ 77597). Pengolahan data menggunakan software s ftware so re data data logger. loggge g r. Penelitian menemukan Sanseviera Peneli liti t an m enemukan bahwa semakin banyak helai daun ttanaman anaman an S a seviier an ea yang Selain yaang n ddigunakan igunnakan maka semakin besar angka reduksi CO2 yang tterjadi. e jadi er di.. Se S lain itu tu angka rerata 31,67ppm angk an gkaa re erata reduksi CO2 terendah adalah sebesar 31,67 67ppm m dengan de n menggunakan ruangan. Sementara meng me n gunnakan SANS A (2 helai daun) dan terjadi didalam ruanga an. S emen em entara angka terkena angk an g a re reduksi CO2 terbesar terjadi ketika tanaman SANS B (3 helai daun) daun)) te terk rken na paparan Angka reduksi n sinar matahari langsung antara pukul 07.00-10.00 WIB. An ngka reduks ksi CO2nya CO2nyya adalah sebesar 127.67ppm. Kata kunci: Ka k unci: IAQ, Reduksi CO2, Tanaman Sanseviera
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KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur ke hadirat Allah Tritunggal Maha Kudus, atas penyertaan karunia dan berkat kasih karun nia yang telah diberikan dibe di beri r kan sehingga penulis dapat Tesis Tanaman menyelesaikan Tesi is yang berjudul “Pemanfaatan Tan nam a an Sanseviera Sebagai Pereduksi Karbon Karb rboon Dioksida Pada Pad ada Ruang Tertutup” Tesis merupakan wajib Tes esiis yang ttelah elah ah ddilakasanakan ilakas asan anak akan nm erup er upak kan matakuliah wa waji j b yang harus ditempuh syarat ditemp mpuh sebagai sebag agai sya ara ratt yu yyudisium disium dan mencapaii derajat dera de rajat Magister M gister Teknik Ma Tek e nik (S-2) Program Magister Prrogram Pascasarjana Pasc Pa scas asaarjana M agister Teknik Arsitektur, Arsitek ktu tur, r, melalui melallui proses-proses pro roses-pros oses dari pencarian konsultasi pencar a iaan is isu, pperumusan erumusan penekanan penelelitian, kon er onsu s ltasii dengan deng de ngan ddosen, o en, os penelitian, analisis, penataan tanaman peneli liti tian an, an nalisis, hingga muncul keluaran acuan dan modul ul penat ataa aann tanam man Sanseviera masyarakat Saans nsevieraa yang dapat digunakan secara langsung bagi m asya yara raka katt dan n pengembangan peng pe ngembbangan ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam Tesis ini mengkaji potensi tanaman Sanseviera dalam mereduksi m m ered er edukksi s karbon n dioksida (CO2) didalam ruang berpenyejuk udara terpisah.. Hasil dari darri penelitian Sanseviera p nelittian ini adalah acuan maupun kriteria agar penataan tanaman Sans pe seviera ra dalam menjadi optimal. Dengan dalaam ruangan menj njad adii efektif efek ef ekti t f dan mampu mamp mpuu bekerja beke be kerj rjaa secara optim mal al. Deng gan penelitian ini pula diharapkan mampu mengurangi Buliding mam ampu m engurangi pemicu SBS ( Sick Bulid en idin ng Syndrome) dan mampu meningkatkan IAQ Sy IAQ ((Indoor Air Quality). Quality). Tesis Tes esis is ini tidak semata-mata hasil kerja j keras ppenulis enulis saja, saj ajaa, namun nam amun un ada ada proses Selain pros pr oses ddiskusi iskkusi is si dalam dal alam am ppenyusunannya. enyusunaann en nnya ya.. Se Sela lain in diskusi disku kusi si banyak banyak ak pula pula bantuan bantu uan ssecara ecara moril material berbagai Untuk ini mo ori ril dan dan ma mate teri rial ddari ari berbag gai a pihak. Un Unt tuk itu pada paada kesempatan kes esem empa pata tann in ni penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa hormat dan da terimakasih terimaaka k sih kepada:
1. Prof. Ir. Prasasto Satwiko, M.BSc., Satw wiko, M.B BSc., Ph.D. selaku dosen pembimbing tesis yang telah memberi membe beri ide, idee, masukan-masukan serta arahan dalam proses penyusunan Tesis in ini. ni. Terimakasih atas kesabaran dan banyak pengetahuan yang dib diberikan t h ik selama l iini. i 2. Bapak Ir. Ag. Djoko Istiadji, M.Build.Sc. dan Ibu Floriberta Binarti, ST., Dipl.NDS.Arch. selaku penguji Tesis yang telah memberikan
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saran, kritik, masukan, dan membantu dalam proses menyelesaikan Tesis ini. 3. Bapak Dr. Amos Setiadi selaku Kepala Program Studi Magister p p g g Teknik Arsitekt Arsitektur ktur ur Universitas Atma Jaya Jaya Yogyakarta. 4. Orang tu tuaa dan Mertua yang selalu memberikan membe beri rikan dukungan dan doa agar ag gar terselesaikannya y penulisan ini. 5.. Istriku tercinta Sari teerccin inta ta Valentina Valen enti tina na Dyah Dya yahh Ar Arum um S a i yang senantiasa ar sen enantiasa setiap waktu dukungan, doa. wakt ktu memberikan memb mbeeriikan dukunga g n,, semangat, ddan a doa an a. 6. Teman-teman MDA 2012. Tema Te mann-tema mann M DA UAJY angkatan 20 012 12. 7. Bapak/Ibu Mahasiswa Magister B pak/ Ba k/IIbu Dosen, Karyawan, dan Semua Teman an M ahas ah asis iswa w Mag gister Teknik Universitas Atma Jaya Teeknik Arsitektur Program Pascasarjana Unive ers r itas A tma Ja tm aya y Yogyakarta. 8. menyusun Tesis 8. Semua pihak yang sudah membantu penulis dalam menyu usunn T esis es is ini, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Penulis memohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan yan yang disengaja ng dise sengaja maupun tidakk disengaja proses penyususnan ini. Disadari dis isen enga gaja ja dalam prose sess pe peny nyus usus u nan Tesis in ini i. Disad darii bahwa penulisan Tesis ini i i jauh in jau dari dar arii kesempurnaan, kesempurnaan, untuk itu perlu adanya ad dan anya ya kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun guna menyempurnakan ttesis esis is iini. ni. Tentunya, penulis berharap mampu Tent Te ntun unya ya,, pe penu nuli liss be berh r arap tulisan ini m ampu am pu bberdampak erda er damp mpak ak llangsung angs gsun ungg bbagi agi masyarakat masyarakat k dan dan ilmu ilm lmu pengetahuan. pengget etah ahua uan. n.
Yogyakarta, Desember 2015
Gema Titah Panyegar
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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................................. i ........................................................................................................ ii PENGESAHAN TESIS ....... .......................................................................................... iii SURAT PERNYATAAN...................................................................................................... PERNYATA AAN AN............................................................................................. iv INTISARI.............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................... PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... v KATA PENGA GANTAR ............... ......................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR R IISI SI ............... ............................................................................................................ DAFTAR ............................................................................................................ ix DAFTA AR GAMBAR R ........ ............................................................................................... DAFTAR FOTO ................................................................................................................... x DAF FTAR FOT TO .................... .............................................................................................. GRAFIK ............................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR G DA RAFI RA F K ... ........................................................................................................ DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................. xii D AFT TAR T A EL AB L .................................................................. ........................................... 1 BAB B I. I PENDAHULUAN PENDA DAHULUAN .................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. .............................................................................................. 1 I.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................ .................................... I.2. Rumusan Penekanan Penelitian .................................................................... 3 I.2 2. ............................................................... I.3. 3 I. Lingkup Studi ................................................................................................ ......................................................................................... 3 I.3.1. Lingkup Substansial ................................................................................. .............................................................................. I.3.2. Lingkup Spasial .......................................................... ........................................................................................ 4 ....................... .................................................................................... 4 I.3.3. Lingkup Temporal .................................................................. ........... Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................. ....................................................................................... 5 I.4. ............. Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 5 I.4.1. Tujua an .... ........................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................... 5 I.4.2. 2 Sasaran Sas asar aran an ........ .............................................................................................. Manfaat Penelitian ..... ........................................................................................ 5 I.5. .............................................................................. I.6. Metode Studi ............................................................................. ................................................................................................. 6 ........... I.7. 7 I.7. 7. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................... ................................................................................ I.8. Keaslian Penulisan 9 I.88. Kea easl slia iann Pe Penu nuli lisa sann ........................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... TINJAUAN TEORI BAB BA B II. TINJAU AUAN AN TEO EORI RI II.1. 10 III.11. Indoor In ndo door Air Qualityy ( IAQ) ............................................................................. ....................................................................... Dioksida .................................................................................... 11 II.2. Gas Karbon Dioksi sidda .......................................................................... II.3. Fotosintesis.................................................................................................... 13 ........................................................................................... Trifasciata ................................................................................... 14 II.4. Sanseviera Trifasc ciata.......................................................................... BAB III . METODOLOGI PENELITIAN PENEL LITIAN .............................................................................................. 19 III.1. Alat dan Bahan ................. .................................................................... ...................................................................................................... 22 III.2. Ruang Uji ................... ........................................................................... III.3. Lingkup Penelitian .............................................................................. ........................................................................................ 22 III.4. Tata Langkah Penelitian ................................................................................ 23 BAB IV. ANALISIS IV.1. Data ............................................................................................................... 26 IV.1.1. Kode A .................................................................................................... 27 IV.1.1.1. Kode A1 ......................................................................................... 27 vii
IV.1.1.2. Kode A2 ......................................................................................... 29 IV.1.1.3. Kode A3 ......................................................................................... 30 IV.1.2. Kode B .................................................................................................... 30 IV.1.2.1. Kode B1 ......................................................................................... 31 .................................................................................. 31 IV.1.2.2. Kode Kod ode B2 ......................................................................................... ................................................................................. IV.1.2.3. 32 IV.1.2. 2.33. Kode B3 ......................................................................................... ................................................................................ IV.1.3. 33 IV.1.3 .3. Kode C .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ IV.1.3.1. Kode C1 33 C ......................................................................................... ......................................................................................... IV.1.3.2. Kode 35 IV.1.3. 3 2. K o e C2 ......................................................................................... od ................................................ .................................................... IV.1.3.3. Kode 36 IV.1.3. 3.3. 3. K ode C3 ......................................................................................... ................................. . ................................................ IV.1.4. 37 IV.11.4 IV .4. Kode D .................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... IV.1.4.1. 37 IV.1.4. 4.11. Kode D1 ......................................................................................... .................................................................................... IV.1.4.2. 38 IV. V.1.4.2. Kode D2 ......................................................................................... ........................................................................................ 39 IV.1.4.3. Kode D3 ......................................................................................... .................................................................... . .............. IV.1.5. .................................................................................................... 40 IV.1.5. Kode E ............................................................... ............................... 40 IV.1.5.1. Kode E1 ......................................................................................... ................................................................................... IV.1.5.2. Kode E2 ......................................................................................... 41 .................................................................. . ................. 42 IV.1.5.3. Kode E3 ......................................................................................... .................................................................................. IV.1.6. Kode F ..................................................................................................... 43 F....................................................................... ....................... 43 IV.1.6.1. Kode F1 .......................................................................................... ................................................................................... 45 IV.1.6.2. Kode F2 .......................................................................................... .................................................................................. IV.1.6.3. 45 IV.1. .6.33. Kode Kode de F3 .......................................................................................... ..................................................................................... IV.2. Pembahasan D Data 47 ataa ............................................................................................ at .................................................................................... BAB BA B V . KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN V.1. Kesimpulan 51 V.1. 1 K esim es impu pula lann A ............................................................................................... .............................................................................................. V.2. Kesimpulan 52 V.2. 2 K esim impu pula lan B ................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... V.3. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 54 V.33. K esiimpu es pullan C C...... . ........................................................................................... V.4. ........................................................................................................... 59 V.4 .4.. Saran Sa .......................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... 60 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................... ............................................................... 62 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................... ..............................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Sumber-sumber pen penurunan nur urun unan an IIAQ AQ di dalam bangunan .......................... ................................... 10 CO Gambar 2.2 Ikatan Atom mC O2 ....................................... ............................................................................................... . .............................................. 11 Gambar 2.3 Reaks Reaksi ksii Fotosintesiss ............................................... ............................................................................................ . ................................... 13 Sansevieria Trifasciata 14 Gambar 2.44 S ansevieria Trifasci ciatta .................................................................................... ..... ...... ...... . .... . ......................................................... Sansevieria ...................................................................... 16 Gambar ar 2.5 Bunga Sa Sans nsev evieria Trifasciata ........... .................................................... Gambar Aplikasi Trifasciata ............................ 17 Ga ambar 2.66 A plik pl ikasi Bunga Bung ngaa Sansevieria Sansevieria Trifasci iat ataa di dalam am rruangan uang ua n an ..... ............... Gambar Spesifikasi ........................................................................................ 20 G amb barr 33.1 .1 S pesiifi fikkasi AZ 77597 ........................................ ........................................... Gambar Alat .................................................................................................. 23 Gamb mbar ar 33.2 .2 A lat dan Bahan ......................................................... .................................. Gambar Ga Gamb mbar 3.3 .3 Rerata CO2 yang dihasilkan oleh sebatang rokok ......... ............................................. ................................ 24 Gambar Ga Gamb m arr 3.4 Reduksi CO2 dengan tanaman Sanseviera Trifasciata A .................................... .......................... 24 Gambar Gamba ar 3.5 Reduksi CO2 dengan tanaman Sanseviera Trifasciata B .................... .................................. ..... 25 Gamba ar 5.1 Alternatif penataan pertama ............................................................ ........... Gambar .............................................................................. 53 Ga Gamb mbaar 5.2 Detail pemasangan .................................................................... ................ Gambar ............................................................................................ 53 Gambar 5.3 Tam ampa pakk da dari ri ddalam alam al am alt lter e natiff pe pert tam amaa .............................................. .......... Tampak alternatif pertama .............................................................. 54 Ga G mbar 5.4 Tampak dari luar alternat atff pe ppertama rtama .............................................. ............. Gambar alternatf ................................................................... 54 Ga Gamb mbar ar 5.5 Tampak dari luar alternatf kedua ...................................... ............................. Gambar ...................................................................... 55 Ga Gamb mbar 55.6 .66 T ampa am pakk da dari ri ddalam alam l m aalternatf lter lt erna natf tf kkedua edua ed ua ......... ................................................... Gambar Tampak ................................................................... 56 Gamb mbar ar 55.Perspektif .Per .P ersp spektiif al alternatf ke edu d a ............ ......................................................................... Gambar kedua ..................................................................................... 56
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DAFTAR FOTO Foto 3.1 LED Luckiness 868 ............................................................................................... 19 Foto 3.2 AZ 77597 dan adaptor Mo Mont Montana ntan anaa .... ............................................................................. ................................................................. 20 ......................................................................................... 21 Foto 3.3 Asbak, korek, ddan an rokok ............................... .................................................. daun).................................................... 21 Foto 3.4 Sans A (2 helai helai daun) dan Sans B (3 helai daun).... ....................................... Ruang 22 Foto 3.5 Rua ang uji ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. Foto penelitian A1 .................................................................................................. 27 Foto 4.11 F oto peneli iti tian nA 1 .............................. ....................................................................... penelitian 31 Foto o 4.2 4.2 Foto pe pene n litian B1 ................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... Foto 4.3 Foto ................................................................................................... 34 Fo Fot otoo ppenelitian eneliti tian an C1.............................................. ................................................ penelitian ................................................................................................... 37 Foto 4.4 4.4 Foto Fot o o pe pen nelitian C3...................................................... ......................................... Foto .................................................................................................. 38 Foto to 4.5 4.5 Fot to penelitian D1 ........................................................... ................. . ................ Foto Foto 41 Fo to 4.6 4.6 F oto penelitian E1 ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... Foto ................................................................................................... 44 Fo to 4.77 Foto penelitian F1 ................................................................... ........................... ................................................................................................... 46 Foto 4.8 4..8 Foto penelitian F3 .........................................................................................
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DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik 4.1 Grafik penelitian A1 ............................................................................................ 28 Grafik 4.2 Grafik penelitian A2 ... ............................................................................................ ................................................................................... 29 penelitian ............................................................................................ 30 Grafik 4.3 Grafik peneliti tiaan A3 .................................. .................................................. ............................................................................................ 32 Grafik 4.4 Grafik ppenelitian enelitian B2 ............................................ ....................................... Grafik 33 Grafik 4.5 G rafik penelitian B3 ............................................................................................. ra ........................................................................................... penelitian ............................................................................................ 34 Grafik 44.6 .66 Grafik pe ene n li liti tian a C1 ........................ ........................................................................ Grafik Grafik ............................................................................................ 35 Graf fik 4.7 Gra afi fikk penelitian C22 ...................... .................................................................... Grafik 4.8 G Grafik penelitian ............................................................................................ 36 Gr raafi fikk pene neli litian C3 ........................................ . ............................................. Grafik ............................................................................................ 38 Grafik ik 44.9 .9 G rafi fikk penelitian D1 ............................................... ............................................. Grafik Grafik .......................................................................................... 39 Graf afik ik 44.10 .10 G rafik penelitian D2 ................................................... .................................... Grafik 4.11 .......................................................................................... 40 Graf Gr afik ik 4.1 11 Grafik penelitian D3 ....................................................... ............................... Grafik ........................................................................................... 41 Graf Gr afik 44.12 .12 Grafik penelitian E1 ........................................................... ........................... ........................................................................................... 42 Grafik 4.13 Grafik penelitian E2 ............................................................................. ...... ........................................................................................... 43 Grafik k 4.14 Grafik penelitian E3 ......................................................................... ........... Grafik ........................................................................................... 44 Gr k 4.15 Grafik penelitian F1 .................................................................... ............... Grafik ........................................................................................... 45 Grafik k 4.16 Graf afik ik ppenelitian enelitian F2 ... ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 46 Grafik 4.17 Grafik penelitian F3 ....... ................................................................................ Grafik ......................................................................... 48 Graf Gr afik 4.18 Grafik Nilai Reduksi Rata-Rata ............................................... ..................
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Waktu Penelitian ................................................................................................... Tabel 3.1 Tabel Penelitian........... ................................................................................... Penelitian..................................................................................................... 25 Penelitian..................................................................................................... 26 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Peneliti ian an............................................................................................. ............................................................................................... 27 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Pe Penelitian A1 ................................................ ....................................... Tabel ............................................................................................... 29 Tabel 4.3 Ta abe bel Penelitian A2 .... ............................................................................................... 4.4 Penelitian ............................................................................................... 30 Tabel 4. .4 Tabel Pene eli l ti tian n A3 .......................... ..................................................................... Tabel Tabel Penelitian B1 ............................ ............................................................................................... 31 Tabe el 4.5 Tabe el Pe P neli litian B1.. ............................................................... Tabel 4.66 Ta Tabel Penelitian ............................................................................................... 32 Ta Tabe bel Pene eli liti tian B2 .......................................... ................................................ Tabel Penelitian ............................................................................................... 32 Tabell 4. 4.77 Ta T bell P enelitian B3 .................................................. ............................................ Tabel Tabel ............................................................................................... 34 Tabe bell 44.8 .8 Ta abel Penelitian C1 ........................................................ .................................... Tabel Tabel ............................................................................................... 35 Tabe Ta bell 4.9 T abel Penelitian C2 ............................................................ ............................... Tabel 4.10 ............................................................................................. 36 Tabe Ta b l 4. .10 Tabel Penelitian C3 ............................................................. ........................... D1 ............................................................................................. 37 Tabel 44.11 .11 Tabel Penelitian D1................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................. 38 Tabel 4.12 Tabel Penelitian D2 ........................................................................... ........... Tabel ............................................................................................. 39 Tabe Ta b l 4.13 Tabel Penelitian D3 ..................................................................... ................ Penelitian ............................................................................................. 40 Tabel 44.14 .14 Tabel el P enelitian E1 ..... ................................................................................... Tabel ............................................................................................. 42 T bel 4.15 Tabel Penelitian E2 ......... Ta ............................................................................... Tabel ............................................................................................. 42 Tabe Ta bel 4.16 Tabel Penelitian E3 ................................................................... .................... Tabel Tabel Penelitian 44 Tabe Ta bell 44.17 .17 17 T ab bell P enel en elit itia iann F1 .............................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... Tabel Penelitian ............................................................................................. 45 T abe bell 4. 44.18 18 Tabell P enel en elitia iann F2 ......... ............................. ........................................................... Tabel Penelitian ............................................................................................. 46 Tabell 4. 4.19 1 Tab bel P enelitian F3 .................. ....................................................................... Tabel 4.20 Tabel Rangkuman Hasil Has asil Reduksi si CO2 ...................................................... ................................................................ 47 Tabel 4.21 Tabel Rerata Hasil Re Reduksi eduksi CO2............................................................... ......................................................................... 48 49 Tabel 4.22 Tabel a luas permukaan ddaun................................................................................. aun........................................................................ Setiap Tabel 4.23 Tabel Rata-Rata Reduksii Se etiap 1 Cm2 ............................................................. ................................................... 49 Tabel 4.24 4 24 Tabel Rata-Rata Reduksi Setiap Jam .................................................................. 50 Tabel 5.1 Angka Rata-rata Hasil Reduksi CO2 ..................................................................... 51 Tabel 5.2 Pengelompokan Penelitian Berdasarkan Jumlah Helai Daun ............................... 53
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