Occurrence of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in the Czech Republic: review of faunistic data

North-Western Journal of Zoology

Vol. 6, No. 2, 2010, pp.218-224 Article No.: 061121

P-ISSN: 1584-9074, E-ISSN: 1843-5629

Occurrence of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in the Czech Republic: review of faunistic data Jaroslav HOLUŠA1,*, Petr KOČÁREK2 and Robert VLK3 1. Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic 2. Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00 Ostrava 2, Czech Republic 3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Poříčí 7, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Corresponding Author, J. Holuša, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Predatory Katydid Saga pedo was recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time in 1900. Since then, it has been found in five areas: on Kamenný vrch (hill) at Kurdějov, in Pouzdřanská stepKolby (national nature reserve), on Pavlovské vrchy (hills), near the Bulhary village, and in the environs of Znojmo (town). During the first half of the twentieth century, only eight specimens of S. pedo were observed or collected in the Czech Republic, and these were in three areas in the southeastern part of the country: Pavlovské vrchy hills, Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR, and environs of Znojmo. From 1950-1990, one locality (Kamenný vrch hill at Kurdějov) was added, but only eight individuals were observed during the same period for the entire country. From 1988-2009, 32 individuals were reported by incidental observers. In intensive surveys conducted during 2006-2009, 477 nymphs and 75 adults were found in the area of Pavlovské vrchy (hills). In the area of Pavlovské vrchy, S. pedo was detected in nine localities, i.e., the insect was widespread across the entire area of the hills, from Dívčí hrad ruin in the north to Turold hill in the south. During the surveys of 20062009, however, S. pedo was not detected in any new locality, and in spite of intensive surveying, S. pedo was not found in two localities where it had previously been reported. Key words: Saga pedo, faunistics, distribution, Czech Republic.

Introduction Predatory Katydid Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) is a parthenogenetic pentaploid (Dutrillaux et al. 2009) species distributed from the Pyrenees throughout the whole of southeastern Europe to western Siberia and the Caucasus (Kenyeres et al. 2002). This is a threatened species and is listed in Appendix II of the Bern Convention and Annex IV of the Habitats Directive of Natura 2000. There are two subspecies, but only the nominotypical S. pedo pedo (Pallas, 1771) occurs in the Czech Republic (Kočárek et al. 2005). Predatory Katydid Saga pedo inhabits only the warmest parts of southern Moravia, where it has been recorded at only few localities (Ginter 1924a, 1924b, 1925, 1971, Chládek ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2010 www.herp-or.uv.ro/nwjz

1980, 1988, 1995, Labler 1933, Povolný 1994, Redtenbacher 1900). Currently, S. pedo is considered a critically endangered species (Holuša & Kočárek 2005). Between 2006 and 2009, the first systematic surveys for S. pedo in the Czech Republic were conducted and the methods and results are reported in this publication. This study summarizes all known findings of S. pedo in the Czech Republic, from the first published finding in 1900 up to the year 2009.

Material and methods All literature data concerning S. pedo were summarized and all important national or provincial museum collections were reviewed. The latter included collections at Moravské zemské museum (Brno), Slezské zemské North-West J Zool, 6, 2010 Oradea, Romania

Occurrence of Saga pedo in the Czech Republic: review of faunistic data

muzeum (Opava), Národní muzeum (Praha), Muzeum jihovýchodní Moravy (Zlín), Ostravské Muzeum (Ostrava), and Východočeské muzeum (Hradec Králové). Data were also obtained by appeals to the scientific community (Holuša et al. 2007, Holuša, Kočárek 2007, Kočárek, Holuša 2008). Finally, the Internet was searched thoroughly for references to S. pedo (photographs, remarks about accidental findings, etc.). During the period of 2006-2009, intensive surveys were carried out at all localities where S. pedo had been reported and also at some other localities potentially suitable for S. pedo occurrence. Surveys were done by groups of 2-4 people and between 10 and 16 o’clock on clear, sunny days. Localities were systematically surveyed, and the vegetation was pushed aside with help of 1-m-long sticks. Many localities were surveyed more than once, and the dates of the surveys and locations surveyed are listed in Table 1. A survey of a particular location on a particular date required 1 to 2 hours. One plot (10000-50000 m2) was surveyed for most localities but two to four plots were surveyed for larger localities. Surveys were not done in the environs of the town of Znojmo because the locality in Redtenbacher (1900) is unclear and because the area had already been surveyed for orthopteran insects in another study (Holuša 2003). Names of localities were taken from recent maps (Anonymous 2005, www.mapy.cz), and names of hills, rocks, and ruins were used: Děvín hill (549m asl), Obora hill (483m asl), Pálava hill (461m asl), Stolová hora hill (458m asl), Turold hill (385m asl), Martinka rock, Trůn rock, Dívčí hrad ruin, and Kaple ruin of chapel. Several S. pedo were not precisely localized because different collectors used different names for the same general area; these names were Pavlovské kopce (hills), Pavlovské vrchy (hills), and Pálava hills. Abbreviations: n = nymph; A = adult (female); ex = specimen without specification of stage; NNR = National Nature Reserve; NR = Nature Reserve; (7066) = code of standard grid square (11 x 12 km) of faunistic grid mapping in the Czech Republic.

Results and Discussion List of records of Saga pedo from the Czech Republic (i) NR Kamenný vrch at Kurdějov (7066) Kamenný vrch (hill) at Kurdějov, 9.vi.1979, 1n (Chládek 1980). (ii) NNR Pouzdřanská step-Kolby (7065) Pouzdřanská step-Kolby, 8.ix.1922, 1A, leg.

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Koutný, 20.v.1923, 1n, leg. Stejskal, coll. Museum of south-eastern Moravia in Zlín, revid. J. Holuša (Ginter 1924a, 1924b, Ginter 1925); Pausram (=Pouzdřany), 1A, 1936, leg. Plitschk, coll. Moravian provincial museum (Brno), det. I. Malenovský; 15.vii.1946, 2n, leg. B. Dobšík (Chládek 1988); 5.vi.2008, 1n (Dvořák et al. 2008); 2.vi.2009, 1n, observ. J. Holuša. (iii) Area of the Pavlovské vrchy hills (7165) Pavlovské vrchy hills/Pavlovské kopce hills/Pálava hills (not specified), 28.vii.1932, 1n, 1A, leg. Hoffer (Labler 1933), 1n, coll. National museum Prague, but leg. Kempný indicated on the locality label, revid. M. Fikáček; 19.vii.1957, 1A, leg. Hoberlandt, coll. National museum Prague, revid. M. Fikáček; 30.ix.1977, 1A, leg. B. Dobšík, det. et coll. P. Kočárek. Děvín hill, 2.vii.1952, 1n, 1A, unknown collector, coll. National museum Prague, revid. M. Fikáček (Kempný 1953: 3n found Mařan and Hoffer in 1952); without indicating a concrete finding (Chládek 1995); under posts of the power line, 27.v.1998, 3 n, obsev. J. Hájek; 30m SW from broadcaster on Děvín hill, 14.ix.2002, 1ex; c. 150m from broadcaster on the edge of the slope, 11.x.2003, 1ex, 6.x. 2004, 1ex, M. Škorpík observ. (M. Škorpík pers. comm.); 28.v.2002, 1n, 4.-10.vii.2003, 5ex (Chytil 2003); hill-top part above steep slope in its SE part, August 1999-2008, altogether 8 ex, observ. Kavka (Kavka in litt.); 6.viii.2008, 1A, photo Z. Souček, det. J. Holuša, P. Kočárek (http://zdeneksoucek.blog.cz/0808/za-kudlan kou-a-sagou-na-palavu); under posts of the power line, 1998-2002, 2ex, obsev. J. Matuška (Matuška pers. comm); 26.viii.2005, Holuša observ.; by the view-point at Soutěska, 3n, 29.iv.2007, foto J. Korba, det. J. Holuša, P. Kočárek (http://www.equi-shop.cz/rubriky/ mdiskuse/show.php?tema=180397&r=2&m=9 97&page=14); SE slopes of the Děvín hill, 8.vi.2008, 2n, photo A. Poledníček, det. J. Holuša (Poledníček in litt., http://www.biolib. cz/cz/taxon/id150/). North-West J Zool, 6, 2010

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Table 1. Names and locations of plots, and dates on which the plots were surveyed. Latitude

Longitude

(N)

(E)

Anenský vrch NM

48°49'33.7"

Bavory

48°49‘32.5"

Čejkovické Špidláky NR

Locality (plot number)

2006

2007

2008

2009

16°37'5.6"

-

7.VIII.

-

-

16°37‘45.5"

-

7.VIII.

-

-

48°54'58.3"

16°57'49.6"

6.IX.

-

-

-

Dívčí hrad ruin - plot 1

48°52'19.4"

16°39'21.5"

-

10.VI.; 7.VIII. 2.V.; 6.VIII.

10.V.

Dívčí hrad ruin - plot 2

48°52'28.4"

16°39'39.9"

-

-

2.V.; 6.VIII.

10.V.

Dívčí hrad ruin - plot 3

48°52'14.9"

16°39'30.1"

-

-

1.V.;7.VIII.

10.V.

Dívčí hrad ruin - plot 4

48°52'9.4"

16°39'23.2"

-

-

1.V.;6.VIII.

-

Děvín hill - plot 1

48°52'8.3"

16°38'56.1"

17.,24.IX.

10.VI.; 7.VIII. 2.V.;6.VIII.

13.VI.

Děvín hill - plot 2

48°52'8.3"

16°38'59.7"

17.,24.IX.

10.VI.; 7.VIII. 2.V.;6.VIII.

13.VI.

Děvín hill - plot 3

48°52'13.3"

16°39'10.5"

17.,24.IX.

7.VIII.

2.V.;6.VIII.

13.VI.

Děvín hill - plot 4

48°51'54.0"

16°38'36.1"

2.,5.VII.; 8.,9.VIII.

4.V.;10.VI.;

1.V.;6.VIII.

13.VI.

6.VIII.

Dunajovické kopce NR

48°50'48.6"

16°33'19.3"

-

-

-

8.V.

Kamenný vrch hill (Kurdějov)

48°57'57.4"

16°45'8.1"

16.IX.

-

10.VI.

-

Kaple - ruin of chappel

48°51'32.2"

16°38'10.2"

10.,15.VIII.

8.VIII.

1.V.;7.VIII.

-

Kočičí kámen NM

48°49'49.7"

16°38'12.6"

-

6.VIII.

-

-

Martinka hill - plot 1

48°51'56.9"

16°38'9.4"

-

-

1.,17,29.V.;

9.,30.V.;

14.VI.; 5.VII.; 19.VI.;12.VII. 5.VIII. Martinka hill - plot 2

48°51'58.2"

16°38'12.9"

10.,11.,18.VIII. 12.V.;6.VIII.; ;17.,18.IX. 8.VIII.

1.V., 17.V., 9.V. 29.V., 14.VI., 5.VII., 5.VIII.

Milovická stráň NM

48°50'54.4"

16°41'33.4"

-

6.VIII.

-

Obora hill

48°51'52.3"

16°38'18.2"

24.VII;10.,14., 12.V.;6.VIII.

1.V.;5.VIII.

9.V.

-

18.,VIII. Pálava (Kotel) hill

48°51'23.4"

16°38'32.9"

2.VII.

-

5.VIII.

12.VII.

Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR - pl. 1 48°56'30.9"

16°38'30.3"

16.IX.

-

6.VIII.

-

Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR - pl. 2 48°56'51.5"

16°38'43.5"

-

-

-

31.V.

Růžový kopec NM

48°49'18.4"

16°37'27.0"

-

7.VIII.

-

-

Skalka hill (Sedlec)

48°46'19.8"

16°40'34.6"

18.VIII.

-

-

-

Stolová hora hill - plot 1

48°50'16.2"

16°38'16.5"

2.,5.VII.; 9.11.VIII.

9.VIII.

30.IV.;4.VIII. 14.VI.

Stolová hora hill - plot 2

48°50'7.2"

16°38'20.1"

9.-11.,15.,

10.VI.;9.VIII. 30.IV.;4.VIII. 14.VI.;5.VII.

19.VIII. Svatý kopeček hill - plot 2

48°48'21.7"

16°39'1.2"

9.VIII.

-

-

5.VII.

Trůn hill (=Obří palec)

48°51'50.8"

16°38'24.4"

-

8.VIII.

1.V.;5.VIII.

9.V.

Turold hill - plot 1

48°49'0.5"

16°38‘24.0"

9.,19.VIII.

7.VIII.

1.V.;7.VIII.

8.V.

Turold hill - plot 2

48°49‘0.5"

16°38'18.6"

9.,19.VIII.

7.VIII.

1.V.;7.VIII.

8.V.

Turold hill - plot 3

48°48'54.1"

16°38'21.0"

9.,19.VIII.

7.VIII.

1.V.;7.VIII.

8.V.

Turold hill - plot 4

48°48'54.1"

16°38'23.9"

9.,19.VIII.

7.VIII.

1.V.;7.VIII.

8.V.

Výchoz NM (Čejč)

48°56'14.1"

16°59'4.8"

6.IX.

-

-

-

Zimarky hill (Velké Pavlovice)

48°52'31.7"

16°53'9.3"

6.IX.

-

-

-

North-West J Zool, 6, 2010

Occurrence of Saga pedo in the Czech Republic: review of faunistic data

Dívčí hrad ruin, 30.viii.1974, 1A, leg. Z. Navrátil let., coll. Moravian provincial museum (Brno), det. I. Malenovský; 27.ix.1988, 1A, leg. D. Povolný (Povolný 1992, 1994); without indicating a concrete finding (Chládek 1995); 1995, 1A, obsev. J. Troneček (Troneček pers. comm.); 1km N of the ruin, 29.v.2007, 1n, excursion of the Univerzity of Ostrava, det. P. Kočárek; under the ruin, 13.ix.2007, 1A, foto P. Molitor, det. J. Holuša, P. Kočárek. Kotel (former NNR comprising studied localities Martinka rock, Trůn rock, zříc. Kaple ruin of chapel, Obora hill and Pálava hill), among Pinus nigra trees, 1993, 1A, obsev. J. Troneček (Troneček pers. comm.); without indicating a concrete finding (Chládek 1995). Obora hill, 3.x.2007, photo P. Muckstein, det. J. Holuša (Muckstein in litt., http://www. biolib. cz/cz/taxon/id150). Stolová hora hill (=Tabulová hora hill), S edge of the plateau, 2001, 1n, observ. T. Kuras (Kuras pers. comm.); above the quarry with the ranch; 28.viii.2005, 1ex, observ. R. Vlk (Vlk et al. 2006; Vlk pers. comm.); in N projection above Perná village (at the locality called “Kučerova mulda”), 11.viii.2006, 1A, photo volunteers of international camp INEX SDA, organized by the Centre of ecological education Pálava ZO ČSOP 56/15, det. J. Holuša; 28.v.2008, 1n, R. Gabriš; 50m downwards the slope from the barrier railing, 29.v. 2008, 1 n, photo M. Sovíček, det. J. Holuša (http://www.biolib.cz/cz/taxon/id150). Trůn rock, 1994, 1A, obsev. J. Troneček (pers. comm.). (iv) Surroundings of Bulhary village (7166) Surroundings of Bulhary village, during sweeping along the road from Bulhary village to Lednice town, 18.v.2002, 1n, photo J. Dvořák, det. J. Holuša. (v) Environs of Znojmo town (7162) Znojmo, 1ex (Redtenbacher 1900). Note: Eggs of one keeping female of S. pedo, native at the locality of Děvín hill, were

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placed onto the locality of NR Havranické vřesoviště during autumn 2005 (Kavka in litt.). During the year 2007 as well as 2008, several individuals were recorded there (Kavka in litt.). This amateur illegal introduction is not well documented. So far, the current report summarizes all historical S. pedo findings but does not include several unpublished findings found in different museum collections. Almost all of those findings were known to Ginter (1977). During the first half of twentieth century, only eight individuals of S. pedo were observed or collected in the Czech Republic, and these were collected in three areas in the southeastern part of the country (Pavlovské vrchy hills, Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR, and the environs of Znojmo). From 1950 to 1990, one locality (Kamenný vrch at Kurdějov) was added, and observations of only eight individuals were recorded for all locations. After 1987, the number of observations of S. pedo increased. From 1988 to 2009, 32 S. pedo individuals were reported by incidental observers. These represented casual findings in almost all cases; only a few of these observations were reported by entomologists, and most were reported by vertebrate zoologists, botanists, or nature photographers. Accidental observations of S. pedo by naturalists during their field researches seem to be quite general (see e.g. Zamfirescu et al. (2009)). In the surveys conducted from 2006 to 2009, the occurrence of S. pedo was confirmed for only two areas (Pavlovské vrchy hills and at Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR) in altitudes 220-540m asl (Fig. 1), what corresponds with French data (Darcemont et al. 2009). The largest numbers of S. pedo specimens (477 nymphs and 75 adults) were found in nine localities representing the area of the Pavlovské vrchy hills (Table 2). Saga pedo is widespread in this area, and analysis of S. pedo population trends in this area has been pubNorth-West J Zool, 6, 2010

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Holuša, J. et al.

Figure 1. Occurrence of Saga pedo in the Czech Republic.

Table 2. Detection of Saga pedo specimens in nine localities representing the area of the Pavlovské vrchy hills (n.s.- not surveyed). Locality (no. of plots)

2006

2007

2008

2009

nymphs

adults

nymphs

adults

nymphs

adults

nymphs

3

0

3

4

1

1

15

n.s.

Dívčí hrad ruin (4)

n.s.

n.s.

3

2

7

7

50

n.s.

Kaple - ruin of chappel

Děvín hill (4)

adults

n.s.

2

0

0

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Pálava (Kotel) hill

0

0

n.s.

n.s.

0

3

0

n.s.

Martinka hill (2)

n.s.

12

42

5

169

9

125

1

Obora hill

n.s.

11

1

0

1

0

9

n.s.

Stolová hora hill (2)

n.s.

6

0

0

1

1

17

n.s.

Trůn hill (=Obří palec)

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

3

2

5

19

n.s.

Turold hill (4)

n.s.

2

0

0

7

1

2

n.s.

33

49

14

188

27

237

Totals

3 36

lished (Holuša et al. 2009). During the current study, however, no other locality was discovered, and despite intensive and repeated surveys, S. pedo was not observed in two localities (name the localities) where it had been previously reported (see Table 1 and 2). At the locality Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR, the occurrence of S. pedo was recorded in North-West J Zool, 6, 2010

63

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2008 but had not been recorded in the previous 62 years. Given that locality Pouzdřanská stepKolby NNR is frequently explored and that S. pedo is an attractive insect, it is possible that S. pedo was absent from this locality after 1946 and was only recently reintroduced (Dvořák et al. 2008). The presence of S. pedo at this locality was confirmed in 2009, indicating the possible

Occurrence of Saga pedo in the Czech Republic: review of faunistic data

presence of a reproducing population of S. pedo in the Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR. The detection of S. pedo at NR Havranické vřesoviště (near Znojmo town) in 2005, 2007, and 2008 is probably the consequence of introduction in 2005. Authors of this contribution repeatedly carried out orthopterological research at this locality between 1991-2002, and S. pedo was not recorded there before its introduction in 2005. Like Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR, NR Havranické vřesoviště is intensively visited by entomologists. The repeated detection of S. pedo at this locality indicates there are still many habitats suitable for the occurrence of S. pedo in the eastern part of the Podyjí National Park. The finding of a single S. pedo nymph along the road not far from the Bulhary village in 2002 (see List of records above) is interesting. The finding is properly documented and localized, but its circumstances – sweeping ditch along the road – do not indicate an autochtonous occurrence. In the area between Bulhary village and Lednice town, all potentially suitable localities were searched but could not confirm the occurrence of S. pedo. The specimen was released near the monument “Tři Grácie” in the area of Lednice Park. In summary, since 1900, in the Czech Republic, S. pedo has been reported in five areas: Kamenný vrch hill at Kurdějov, Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR, Pavlovské vrchy hills, Bulhary village, and the environs of Znojmo (town). These localities represent the northern edge of the species range in central Europe (Krištín, Kaňuch 2007). During the recent intensive research, which was carried out from 2006 to 2009, occurrences were confirmed only in two areas: in the area of Pavlovské vrchy hills and at Pouzdřanská step-Kolby NNR. The most abundant recent population occurs in the area of the Pavlovské vrchy hills, where during the period of the research, 552 S. pedo individuals were recorded. Saga pedo occurs there at nine localities and is widespread over the

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whole area of these hills, from the Dívčí hrad ruin in the north to the Turold hill in the south.

Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic and partially by a project of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic QH 71094. The authors would like to thank to Dr. Bruce Jaffee (USA) for linguistic and editorial improvements and many colleagues that help us with field surveys (Jiří Dvořák, Tomáš Kavka, Martin Škorpík, Igor Malenovský, Petr Muckstein, Pavel Marhoul, Jiří Matuška, David Hauck, Lenka Rožánková, Jolana Szusková).

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Submitted: 01 November 2009 / Accepted: 20 August 2010 Published Online: 23 August 2010