DAFTAR ISI
Halaman JUDUL HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ...................................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .......................................................................... iv LEMBAR MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN .............................................. v RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................ vi ABSTRAKSI................................................................................................... vii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xv DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xviii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .......................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................ 12 C. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ............................................... 13 D. Kegunaan Penelitian................................................................ 14
BAB II
TINJAUAN TEORETIS A. Fase Lansia (Lanjut Usia) ....................................................... 16 1. Konsep Menua ................................................................... 16 2. Definisi dan Batasan-batasan Lansia ................................. 17
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3. Karakteristik dan Tugas Perkembangan Masa Lansia ....... 19 4. Perubahan-perubahan pada Lanjut Usia ............................ 21 5. Lansia dalam Pandangan Islam ......................................... 27 6. Masalah Kesepian pada Lansia .......................................... 30 B. Kesepian .................................................................................. 33 1. Definisi Kesepian............................................................... 33 2. Jenis-jenis Kesepian........................................................... 35 3. Aspek-aspek Kesepian ....................................................... 36 4. Faktor Penyebab Kesepian ................................................ 38 5. Kesepian dalam Perspektif Islam....................................... 43 C. Gender ..................................................................................... 46 1. Definisi Gender ................................................................. 46 2. Peran Gender ..................................................................... 52 3. Gender Menurut Perspektif Islam ..................................... 60 4. Lansia, Kesepian dan Gender ............................................ 65 D. Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha .................................... 71 E. Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................ 74 F. Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................. 81 BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN A. Pendekatan Penelitian ............................................................. 82 B. Metode Penelitian.................................................................... 82
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C. Variabel Penelitian .................................................................. 83 1. Independent variabel ......................................................... 83 a. Definisi Konseptual ..................................................... 83 b. Definisi Operasional.................................................... 83 2. Dependent variabel ........................................................... 84 a. Definisi Konseptual ..................................................... 85 b. Definisi Operasional.................................................... 85 D. Subjek Penelitian..................................................................... 85 1. Karakteristik Subjek .......................................................... 85 2. Populasi Penelitian ............................................................ 86 E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 86 1. Instrumen Pengambilan Data ............................................ 86 2. Alat Ukur .......................................................................... 87 a. Alat Ukur Kesepian ..................................................... 87 b. Alat Ukur Gender Role ............................................... 91 F. Analisis Data ........................................................................... 96 G. Analisis Item, Uji Validitasdan Uji Reliabilitas Alat Ukur ..100 1. Analisis Item ...................................................................100 2. Uji Validitas ....................................................................102 a. Validitas Alat Ukur Gender Role ..............................103 b. Validitas Alat Ukur Kesepian ...................................104 3. Reliabilitas ......................................................................104 H. Prosedur Penelitian................................................................106
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BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian .....................................................................110 1. Tingkat Kesepian pada Lansia ........................................110 2. Gender Role pada Lansia ................................................112 3. Perbandingan Tingkat Kesepian dengan Gender Role .................................................................................113 4. Korelasi antara Gender Role dengan Tingkat Kesepian .....................................................................................115 B. Pembahasan ...........................................................................116 1. Gambaran Gender Role pada Lansia ...............................116 2. Gambaran Tingkat Kesepian pada Lansia .......................116 3. Perbandingan Gender Role dengan Tingkat Kesepian .........................................................................................117 4. Hasil Uji Korelasi ............................................................119 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................123 B. Saran ......................................................................................124 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Persentase Penduduk Lansia Bekerja Menurut Jenis Kelamin ......... 7 Gambar 2.1 Persentase Penduduk Lansia di Dunia, Asia, Indonesia.................... 31 Gambar 2.2 Skema Kerangka Pemikiran .............................................................. 81 Gambar 3.1 Skema Prosedur Penelitian ..............................................................109
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DAFTAR TABEL
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Hasil Wawancara Pendahuluan terhadap Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha ................ 10 Tabel 3.1 Contoh Pencatatan Jawaban Subjek untuk Alat Ukur Kesepian ........................... 89 Tabel 3.2 Kriteria Kategori Tingkat Kesepian ...................................................................... 90 Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Alat Ukur Kesepian (UCLA Loneliness Scale) ...................................... 91 Tabel 3.4 Contoh Pencatatan Jawaban Subjek untuk Alat Ukur Gender Role ..................... 93 Tabel 3.5 Kisi-kisi Alat Ukur Gender Role .......................................................................... 95 Tabel 3.6 Arti Koefisien Korelasi ......................................................................................... 98 Tabel 3.7 Contoh Tabel Kontingensi 4 x 4 ........................................................................... 99 Tabel 3.8 Sebaran Item Hasil Analisis Item Alat Ukur Gender Role .................................101 Tabel 3.9 Sebaran Item Hasil Analisis Item Alat Ukur Kesepian .......................................102 Tabel 3.10 Hasil Uji Validitas Alat Ukur Gender Role ........................................................104 Tabel 3.11 Hasil Uji Validitas Alat Ukur Kesepian ..............................................................104 Tabel 3.12 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Gender Role ....................................................105
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Tabel 3.13 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Kesepian ..........................................................106 Tabel 3.14 Interpretasi Nilai Reliabilitas Menurut Guilford .................................................106 Tabel 4.1 Sebaran Subjek Beradasarkan Tingkat Kesepian ................................................111 Tabel 4.2 Sebaran Subjek Beradasarkan Kategori Gender Role .........................................112 Tabel 4.3 Sebaran Subjek Beradasarkan Tingkat Kesepian dan Gender Role....................113
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Surat Izin penelitian
Lampiran 2
Alat Ukur Gender Role
Lampiran 3
Alat Ukur Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 4
Data Mentah Gender Role Dimensi Maskulin Data Mentah Gender Role Dimensi Feminin Data Mentah Gender Role Dimensi Netral
Lampiran 5
Data Gender Role dengan Koefisien > 0,25
Lampiran 6
Interpretasi Data Skor Gender Role
Lampiran 7
Data Mentah Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 8
Data Tingkat Kesepian dengan Koefisien > 0,25
Lampiran 9
Perhitungan Nilai Kriteria Tingkat Kesepian dengan Menghitung Kuartil
Lampiran 10
Interpretasi Data Skor Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 11
Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Alat Ukur Gender Role
Lampiran 12
Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Alat Ukur Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 13
13.1 Hasil Perhitungan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Gender Role 13.2 Hasil Perhitungan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 14
Menghitung Korelasi antara Gender Role dengan Tingkat Kesepian
Lampiran 15
Tabel Hasil Ukur Gender Role dan Tingkat Kesepian
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