Melting the ash from biomass

VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ – TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA FAKULTA STROJNÍ, KATEDRA ENERGETIKY 17. LISTOPADU 15, 708 33 OSTRAVA - PORUBA http://katedry.fs.vsb.cz/energetika

Melting the ash from biomass

Ing. Karla Kryštofová Rožnov pod Radhoštěm 2015


Introduction • The research was conducted on the ashes of bark mulch, as representatives of biomass. • Determining the influence of changes in the chemical composition of ash from biomass at its melting temperature. • Selected compounds of this evaluation were - KCl CaO, K2HPO4



Biomass - chemical characterization • Biomass is generally composed of an organic portion, which is rich in oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and inorganic parts contained inside the organic structure. • Ingredients: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oils, resins and starch. • Important properties: moisture content, volatile substances, calorific value, ash content, melting point. Melting the ash from biomass


Melting temperature • When raising the temperature in combustion plants is to change the physical properties of the ash. • Melting point is the temperature at which all components are melted ash. • According to the same temperature as the deformation of the ash after its complete melting, which may lead to malfunctions of combustion equipment such as watering gaps in grate slag. Melting the ash from biomass


Measurement fusibility

Furnace with a digital display Carbolite for melting samples

Inserting the samples to stand furnace



Changing the state of ashes

Deformation temperature - DT

Softening temperature - ST

Hemisphere temperature - HT DT °C ST °C

Flow temperature - FT HT °C FT °C

980

Melting biomass 1283 the ash from1298

1327


Fusibility of ash - alkali metals • Representative for the effect of alkali metals - potassium, a mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) • Mass potassium concentration - 1 %, 10 %, 20% • Assumption: the melting temperature should be reduced, thanks to the influence of potassium Concentration

DT °C

ST °C

HT °C

FT °C

1%

1011

1268

1285

1313

10 %

960

1267

1273

1339

20 %

977

1269

1295

1326



Bark mulch with KCl 1400 1350 1300 1250

Temperature °C

1200 DT

1150

ST

HT

1100

FT 1050 1000 950 900 0%

1%

10%

20%

Contents K

FORMY VÝSKYTU „BLACK CARBON“ V OVZDUŠÍ, Ing. MAREK KUCBEL


Fusibility of ash – alkaline earth elements • Representative for the influence of alkaline earth elements - calcium, a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO) • The mass concentration of calcium - 1 %, 10 %, 20% • Assumption: The melting temperature should increase, thanks to the influence of calcium Concentration

DT °C

ST °C

HT °C

FT °C

1%

1024

1341

1414

1450

10 %

982

1500

1505

1520

20 %

1050

1545

1545

>1545



Bark mulch with CaO 1550 1500 1450 1400

1350

Temperature °C

1300 DT

1250

ST HT

1200

FT 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 0%

1%

10% Contents Ca


20%


Fusibility of ash - Phosphorus • Effect of Phosphorus - potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) • Mass phosphorus concentrations - 1 %, 10 %, 20% • Assumption: the melting point of phosphorus dopants depends on the compound which is in a mixture of potassium hydrogen phosphate would increase the temperature Concentration

DT °C

ST °C

HT °C

FT °C

1%

1002

1296

1353

1401

10 %

1177

1357

1387

1406

20 %

1004

1319

1374

1404



Bark mulch with K2HPO4 1450 1400 1350

Temperature °C

1300 1250 DT

1200

ST HT

1150

FT 1100 1050 1000 950 0%

1%

10% Contents P


20%


Conclusion • The admixture of potassium chloride (KCl):  almost not affected melting ash KCl at about 900 °C faded into the gas phase

• The admixture of calcium oxide (CaO):  the assumption that the increasing concentration also increases the melting point of ash  higher melting temperature reduces the possibility of the combustion device incrusts

• The admixture of potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4):  also were the prerequisites that will grow with increasing concentrations of ash melting temperature Melting the ash from biomass


Melting temperatures for each sample 1550

1500

Temperature °C

1450

1400

1350

1300

1250

0%

1%

10%

20%

0%

1%

10%

20%

0%

1%

10%

1200 KCl

CaO Admixture


K2HPO4

20%


Thank you for your attention

Melting the ash fom biomass

Melting the ash from biomass

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