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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ ii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... v DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ x DAFTAR DIAGRAM ......................................................................................... xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang .................................................................................................1 B. Rumusan Masalah dan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................5 1. Rumusan masalah...............................................................................................5 2. Pemecahan masalah ...........................................................................................5 a. Perencanaan .......................................................................................................6 b. Proses pembelajaran ...........................................................................................6 c. Hasil belajar .......................................................................................................7 C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................7 D. Manfaat Penelitian ...........................................................................................7 1. Manfaat bagi siswa dan pembelajaran ...............................................................7 2. Manfaat bagi guru ..............................................................................................7 3. Manfaat bagi sekolah .........................................................................................8 E. Batasan Istilah ..................................................................................................8 BAB II LANDASAN TEORITIS ........................................................................10 A. Pendidikan IPA ..............................................................................................10 1. Pengertian pendidikan IPA ..............................................................................10 2. Karakteristik pendidikan IPA ...........................................................................10 3. Tujuan pendidikan IPA ....................................................................................11 4. Ruang lingkup IPA ...........................................................................................11 B. Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah ...............................................................................12 1. Sifat fisik tanah ................................................................................................12
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a. b. c. 2. 3. C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. b. c. d. D.
Warna tanah ....................................................................................................12 Struktur tanah ...................................................................................................12 Tekstur tanah ....................................................................................................13 Jenis-jenis tanah beserta penggunaannya .........................................................13 Pencemaran tanah.............................................................................................13 Model dalam Pembelajaran IPA ..................................................................14 Konsep model pembelajaran ............................................................................14 Fngsi model pembelajaran ...............................................................................14 Karakteristik model pembelajaran ...................................................................15 Struktur umum model pembelajaran ................................................................15 Model discovery learning.................................................................................15 Pengertian model discovery learning ..............................................................15 Kelebihan model discovery learning ................................................................16 Kekurangan model discovery learning ............................................................16 Langkah-langkah model discovery learning ....................................................17 Teori Belajar yang Mendukung Terhadap Penerapan Model Discovery Learning ..........................................................................................................18 1. Teori belajar Bruner .........................................................................................18 2. Teori belajar Piaget ..........................................................................................18 3. Teori belajar Konstruktivisme..........................................................................19 4. Teori belajar sosial Albert Bandura .................................................................19 E. Hasil Penelitian yang Mendukung Terhadap Penerapan Model Discovery Learning .........................................................................................20 F. Hipotesis tindakan..........................................................................................22 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ..........................................................23 A. Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................................23 B. Subjek Penelitian............................................................................................23 C. Waktu Penelitian ............................................................................................25 D. Metode dan Desain Penelitian .......................................................................25 1. Metode penelitian .............................................................................................25 2. Desain penelitian ..............................................................................................26 a. Perencanaan (Plan) .........................................................................................27 b. Tindakan (Action).............................................................................................27 c. Pengamatan (Observe) .....................................................................................27 d. Refleksi (Reflect) ..............................................................................................28 E. Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................................28 1. Tahap perencanaan tindakan ............................................................................28 2. Tahap pelaksanaan tindakan ............................................................................28 a. Tahap kegiatan awal ........................................................................................29 b. Tahap kegiatan inti ...........................................................................................29 c. Tahap kegiatan akhir ........................................................................................29 3. Tahap observasi ................................................................................................30 vi
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4. Tahap refleksi .................................................................................................30 F. Instrumen Penelitian ......................................................................................30 1. Instrumen tes ....................................................................................................30 2. Instrumen nontes ..............................................................................................31 G. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .........................................................32 1. Teknik pengolahan data ...................................................................................32 a. Teknik pengolahan data proses ........................................................................33 b. Teknik pengolahan data hasil ...........................................................................33 2. Analisis data .....................................................................................................36 H. Validasi Data ..................................................................................................38 BAB IV PAPARAN DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN ..........................................40 A. Paparan Data Awal ........................................................................................40 1. Data hasil wawancara dengan guru ................................................................. 42 2. Data hasil wawancara dengan siswa ............................................................... 43 3. Data hasil tes belajar siswa ............................................................................. 43 B. Paparan Data Tindakan ................................................................................45 1. Paparan data tindakan siklus I ......................................................................... 45 a. Paparan data perencanaan siklus I................................................................... 45 b. Paparan data pelaksanaan siklus I ................................................................... 47 c. Paparan data hasil siklus I ............................................................................... 52 d. Analisis siklus I ............................................................................................... 53 e. Refleksi siklus I ............................................................................................... 55 2. Paparan data tindakan siklus II ....................................................................... 58 a. Paparan data perencanaan siklus II ................................................................. 58 b. Paparan data pelaksanaan siklus II .................................................................. 59 c. Paparan data hasil siklusI I.............................................................................. 64 d. Analisis siklus II.............................................................................................. 65 e. Refleksi siklus II ............................................................................................. 67 3. Paparan data tindakan siklus III ...................................................................... 68 a. Paparan data perencanaan siklus III ................................................................ 68 b. Paparan data pelaksanaan siklus III ................................................................ 70 c. Paparan data hasil siklus III ............................................................................ 75 d. Analisis siklus III ............................................................................................ 76 e. Refleksi siklus III ............................................................................................ 77 C. Paparan Pendapat Siswa dan Guru .............................................................77 1. Paparan pendapat siswa................................................................................... 77 2. Paparan pendapat guru .................................................................................... 78 D. Pembahasan ...................................................................................................78 1. Perencanaan..................................................................................................... 78 2. Pelaksanaan ..................................................................................................... 79 3. Hasil belajar .................................................................................................... 82 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 86
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A. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................................86 1. Perencanaan ................................................................................................... 86 2. Pelaksanaan .................................................................................................... 86 3. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa...................................................................... 87 B. Saran ..............................................................................................................87 1. Bagi siswa ...................................................................................................... 87 2. Bagi guru ........................................................................................................ 88 3. Bagi sekolah ................................................................................................... 88 4. Bagi peneliti ................................................................................................... 88 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 89 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ......................................................................... 302
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Data Data Awal Deskripsi Pembelajaran pada Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kelas V SDN Cinangsi ...................................................... 2 Tabel 3.1 Daftar Subjek Penelitian ................................................................... 24 Tabel 3.2 Jadwal Penyusunan Skripsi ................................................................ 25 Tabel 3.3 Rentang Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal ............................................... 34 Tabel 3.4 Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal Mata Pelajaran IPA KD 7.2 ................ 36 Tabel 3.5 Contoh Validasi Data Member Check ................................................ 39 Tabel 4.1 Data Awal Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru ......................................... 41 Tabel 4.2 Data Awal Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ...................................... 42 Tabel 4.3 Data Awal Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kelas V SDN Cinangsi ...................................................................... 44 Tabel 4.4 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Perencanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus I ................................................................... 47 Tabel 4.5 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus I ................................................................... 51 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Siklus I ....................................................................... 52 Tabel 4.7 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Perencanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus II.................................................................. 59 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus II.................................................................. 63 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Siklus II ...................................................................... 64 Tabel 4.10 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Perencanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus III ................................................................ 70 Tabel 4.11 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru: Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah Siklus III ................................................................ 73 Tabel 4.12 Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Siklus III .................................................................... 75 Tabel 4.13 Perbandingan Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi .......................................... 82 Tabel 4.14 Perbandingan Nilai Aktivitas Siswa pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi............................................................ 83 Tabel 4.15 Perbandingan Nilai Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi .................................................. 84
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
Model Spiral Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart ........................................ 27
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 Diagram 4.3 Diagram 4.4
Perbandingan Persentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus I ............. 57 Perbandingan Persentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus II ............ 68 Perbandingan Persentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus III ........... 77 Perbandingan Persentase Kinerja Guru pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Tiap Siklus (pada Perencanaan) ....................... ............................................................... 79 Diagram 4.5 Perbandingan Persentase Kinerja Guru pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Tiap Siklus (pada Pelaksanaan ......................................................................................... 83 Diagram 4.6 Perbandingan Nilai Aktivitas Siswa pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Tiap Siklus ................................ 84 Diagram 4.7 Perbandingan Nilai Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Sifat Fisik Tanah Kelas V SDN Cinangsi Tiap Siklus ................................ 85
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN I DATA AWAL ............................................................................ 92 Lampiran I.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) Data Awal ............. 93 Lampiran I.2 Hasil Belajar Siswa Data Awal .................................................. 98 Lampiran I.3 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Data Awal .................................. 99 Lampiran I.4 Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Data Awal ............................... 102 Lampiran I.5 Hasil Wawancara Guru Data Awal ............................................. 105 Lampiran I.6 Hasil Wawancara Siswa Data Awal ............................................ 106 LAMPIRAN II SIKLUS I .................................................................................. 107 Lampiran II.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III .......................... 108 Lampiran II.2 Hasil Belajar Siswa Siklus I ....................................................... 126 Lampiran II.3 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus I (Perencanaan) ................ 128 Lampiran II.4 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus I (Pelaksanaan) ................ 129 Lampiran II.5 Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I ................................... 131 Lampiran II.6 Hasil Catatan Lapangan Siklus I ................................................ 133 Lampiran II.7 Hasil Wawancara Guru Siklus I ................................................. 137 Lampiran II.8 Hasil Wawancara Siswa Siklus I ................................................ 138 Lampiran II.9 Dokumentasi ............................................................................... 139 LAMPIRAN III SIKLUS II ............................................................................... 141 Lampiran III.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus II ............................ 142 Lampiran III.2 Hasil Belajar Siswa Siklus II .................................................... 164 Lampiran III.3 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus II (Perencanaan)............... 166 Lampiran III.4 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus II (Pelaksanaan) .............. 167 Lampiran III.5 Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II ................................. 169 Lampiran III.6 Hasil Catatan Lapangan Siklus II ............................................... 171 Lampiran III.7 Hasil Wawancara Guru Siklus II ................................................ 176 Lampiran III.8 Hasil Wawancara Siswa Siklus II .............................................. 177 Lampiran III.9 Dokumentasi ............................................................................... 178 LAMPIRAN IV SIKLUS III .............................................................................. 180 Lampiran IV.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Siklus III .......................... 181 Lampiran IV.2 Hasil Belajar Siswa Siklus III .................................................... 203 Lampiran IV.3 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus III (Perencanaan) ............. 205 Lampiran IV.4 Hasil Observasi Kinerja Guru Siklus III (Pelaksanaan) ............. 206 Lampiran IV.5 Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa Siklus III ................................ 208 Lampiran IV.6 Hasil Catatan Lapangan Siklus III ............................................. 210 Lampiran IV.7 Hasil Wawancara Guru Siklus III .............................................. 216 Lampiran IV.8 Hasil Wawancara Siswa Siklus III ............................................. 217 Lampiran IV.9 Dokumentasi ............................................................................... 218 LAMPIRAN V FORMAT-FORMAT ............................................................... 220 Lampiran V.1 Lembar Observasi Kinerja Guru ................................................. 221 xii
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Lampiran V.2 Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa ............................................. 232 Lampiran V.3 Pedoman Wawancara Guru ......................................................... 236 Lampiran V.4 Pedoman Wawancara Siswa ....................................................... 237 Lampiran V.5 Catatan Lapangan ........................................................................ 238 LAMPIRAN VI HASIL BELAJAR DAN LKS ............................................... 239 Lampiran VI.1 Hasil Tes Belajar Siswa .............................................................. 240 Lampiran VI.2 Lembar Hasil Belajar Siswa ........................................................ 276 LAMPIRAN VII SURAT-SURAT .................................................................... 301 Lampiran VII.1 Surat Permohonan Izin Penelitian ............................................... 302 Lampiran VII.2 Surat Keputusan Pengangkatan Pembimbing ............................. 303 Lampiran VII.3 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian ........................... 304 Lampiran VII.4 Lembar Monitoring Bimbingan Skripsi ...................................... 305
