FOLIA
ENTOMOLOGICA
HUNGARICA
R OVA RTA N I KÖZ L E M É N Y E K Volume 74
2013
pp. 111–121
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) V. Szénási Duna–Ipoly National Park Directorate, H-1021 Budapest, Költő utca 21, Hungary. E-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract – Hungarian locality records of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873), a weevil considered to be rare in Europe, are summarised. Research carried out after 2010 significantly extended the data about the species in Hungary as well as its know distribution. Observations on the biology of this beetle are also included. With 4 figures. Key words – distribution, faunistical records, Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum, Sibinia beckeri, weevils
INTRODUCTION The genus Sibinia Germar, 1817 comprises 120 Palaearctic and 100 Nearctic as well as South African species (Endrődi 1971, Oberprieler et al. 2007). The Palaearctic species develop mainly in members of different genera of the family Caryophyllaceae (e.g. Dianthus, Gypsophila, Melandrium, Minuartia, Petrorhagia, Silene, Spergularia). The larvae feed on the seeds in the ovary. Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) is considered a very rare species in the Carpathian Basin and also in Hungary, and the Hungarian publications provide only numbers of specimens collected (Endrődi 1971, 1986). There is insufficient information published on the species in the foreign literature (e.g. Krátky 2011). The distribution of this species ranges from Central and Southern Europe to Central Asia, concentrating largely to the Mediterranean region within Europe. In our present knowledge, Sibinia beckeri in Europe occurs only in Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, southern Russia, Italy and Greece (Caldara 2004, Krátky 2011). The northern edge of the Pannonian biogeographical region forms the northern limit of its distribution. It is worthy of note that the latest checklist of the weevil fauna of the former Czechoslovakia (Benedikt et al. 2010) does not Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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mention the species from that region. Sibinia beckeri was found only in 2009 as a new species for the Slovakian fauna (Krátky 2011) in alkaline grasslands by the settlement of Kamenín, only 12 km from the border of Hungary. Unlike the majority of the Sibinia species, the larva of Sibinia beckeri develops in sea lavender, Limonium species (Caldara 1979, Caldara & AlonsoZarazaga 2010, Krátky 2011), in Hungary in Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó (Plumbaginaceae). Aware of this fact, connected to other research programs the author had the possibility to study the Limonium populations of several Hungarian alkaline grasslands as potential localities of Sibinia beckeri. The present study includes the so far achieved results of this work. Abbreviations – Specimen depositories: CAP = private collection of Attila Podlussány, Budapest; CVS = private collection of Valentin Szénási, Isaszeg; HNHM = Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (curator: Ottó Merkl). Other abbreviation: sfsl = swept from sea lavender. MATERIALS AND METHODS The few specimens deposited in the Coleoptera Collection of the HNHM were collected before 1980. Of the specimens found outside present-day Hungary nine came from the Transylvanian part of Romania. Finding more exact localities for further two specimens labelled ‘Russia, 1873’ is not possible. A specimen without date of collection (leg. Smreczynski) is labelled ‘Wolin’. This area is currently located in North Poland, in West Pomerania Province. Although the labelling of the specimen does not seem unreliable, neither the latest Polish checklist (Wanat & Mokrzycki 2005) nor the webpage of Borowiec (2013) mention the species from Poland. Further specimens have their origins from Hungary, mainly from the period between 1952–75, in three different locations of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve (Dömsöd-Apajpuszta, Hajós, Kalocsa) and in the Hortobágy (Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta). The label data of the specimens found in the past years are presented in the chapter Results. Two of them have already been published (Szénási 2012), however, to have an overall picture we cite those here again. We have to note that a significant number of the older specimens deposited in the HNHM Coleoptera Collection were identified incorrectly. Sibinia beckeri specimens were usually misidentified as Tychius species, which were revised by Attila Podlussány in the 2000s. The beetles were collected with sweep nets. In some cases, the beetles were taken directly from the host plants after observation and taking photographs. From each locality at least one specimen was deposited in the author’s private Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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collection; several specimens were donated also to the HNHM. When specimens were found in the field, the date, place and method of the collection, name of the collector and WGS84 coordinates were recorded. The names of the plant taxa are used according to Király (2009). RESULTS The Hungarian localities are depicted in Fig. 1. The WGS84 coordinates of the localities are listed in Table 1. After 1997 we could give the exact coordinates of localities, while before 1997 only approximate coordinates are given. The number of collected specimens and the abbreviation of the specimen depository are in parentheses. Locality data outside Hungary Russia – Russia, 1873, leg. E. Merkl (2, HNHM). Poland – Wolin, unknown date, leg. Smreczynski (3, HNHM). Romania – Kolozs [= Cojocna], unknown date, leg. Horváth (3, HNHM); Kolozs [= Cojocna], unknown date, leg. Csiki (4, HNHM); Szamosfalva [= Someşeni, now part of Cluj], unknown date, leg. Horváth (2, HNHM).
Fig 1. Distribution of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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Collecting locality Aba, Szigetek Abony, 4-es főút mente Abony, Gerece-szék Abony, Kaszálóerdő Abony, Lenge-nádas-dűlő Abony, Perje-főcsatorna mente Abony, Világos-dűlő Alattyán, Berek-erdő Alattyán, Kis-Kút-lapos Alattyán, Kunere-dűlő Albertirsa, 4-es főút mente Besenyőtelek, Pástra-járó-dűlő Budapest, XI. kerület, Kőérberki szikesek Cegléd, Cigány-szék Cegléd, Csurgói-dűlő környéke Cegléd, Nagy-szék Csány, Szarv-ágy mente Dömsöd, Apakpuszta Dunatetétlen, Nagymaka Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget I. Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget II. Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget III. Farmos, gátőrház Gyula, Galéria-erdő Gyula, Pince-halom Hajós Hortobágy, Kékesi-hodály környéke Hortobágy, Kékes Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő Jászárokszállás, Gyarok-part dűlő Jászberény, Borsóhalmi-rét Jászberény, Hajta-mocsár Jászboldogháza, Tápió-mente Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom környéke Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom-dűlő Jászkarajenő, Csárda-laposa Kalocsa
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Latitude (N)
Longitude (E)
47° 00’ 45” 47° 11’ 07” 47° 09’ 24” 47° 10’ 44” 47° 08’ 44” 47° 08’ 40” 47° 11’ 25” 47° 24’ 33” 47° 25’ 31” 47° 24’ 49” 47° 15’ 30” 47° 41’ 26” 47° 27’ 19” 47° 12’ 03” 47° 11’ 29” 47° 12’ 53” 47° 39’ 39” 47° 05’ 46° 46’ 58” 47° 21’ 52” 47° 21’ 52” 47° 21’ 48” 47° 21’ 36” 46° 41’ 18” 46° 37’ 58” 46° 24’ 47° 35’ 21” 47° 35’ 33” 47° 35’ 47° 26’ 11” 47° 36’ 30” 47° 32’ 02” 47° 28’ 11” 47° 19’ 07” 47° 31’ 34” 47° 31’ 43” 47° 02’ 35” 46° 30’
18° 31’ 38” 19° 55’ 52” 19° 57’ 04” 19° 57’ 37” 19° 58’ 38” 19° 57’ 41” 19° 56’ 37” 20° 02’ 43” 20° 05’ 22” 20° 02’ 11” 19° 37’ 29” 20° 27’ 08” 18° 59’ 53” 19° 47’ 39” 19° 50’ 46” 19° 52’ 05” 19° 50’ 59” 19° 03’ 19° 07’ 03” 19° 49’ 51” 19° 49’ 42” 19° 49’ 42” 19° 49’ 35” 21° 24’ 23” 21° 19’ 07” 19° 03’ 21° 02’ 09” 21° 02’ 07” 21° 02’ 19° 58’ 44” 19° 54’ 26” 19° 55’ 36” 19° 47’ 58” 20° 00’ 50” 19° 41’ 58” 19° 42’ 45” 20° 03’ 47” 18° 57’
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Table 1 (continued) Collecting locality Karcag, Rainer-föld Nádudvar, Büte-halom környéke Nagykáta, Bata-tó Nagykáta, Disznótúrási-tó Nagykáta, Jakab-rét I. Nagykáta, Jakab-rét II. Nagykáta, Meggyes-halom Poroszló, Kivételesek dűlője Püspökladány, Kincses-halom környéke Rákóczifalva, Felsővarsány Sárbogárd, Tarack-dűlő Sárbogárd, Vojános-tó környéke Sárkeresztúr, Sárkány-tói dűlő Sárkeresztúr, Sárrét Seregélyes, Vindics-dűlő Szabadszállás, Józan-dűlő Szentlőrinckáta, Hajta-part Szentlőrinckáta, Lopocsik-föld Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek I. Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek II. Tápióbicske, Fehér-tó Tápióság, Dolláros-rét Tápiószele, Halomsírok Tápiószentmárton, Göböly-járás Tápiószentmárton, Kő-kút Tiszafüred, Kilátó-legelő Tiszafüred, Kócsújfalu Tiszajenő, Sváb-legelő Tiszaszőlős, Örvényi-főcsatorna mente Tiszaújváros, Kocsordos Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta I. Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta Tószeg, Pákra-hát Törtel, külterület, szikes legelő Törtel, Perje-főcsatorna mente Túrkeve, Túrkeddi-híd Újszász, Laposi-legelő
Latitude (N)
Longitude (E)
47° 17’ 32” 47° 24’ 58” 47° 27’ 21” 47° 23’ 25” 47° 26’ 47” 47° 26’ 58” 47° 25’ 18” 47° 38’ 54” 47° 19’ 47” 47° 05’ 04” 46° 52’ 36” 46° 53’ 26” 46° 59’ 15” 47° 00’ 03” 47° 07’ 53” 46° 51’ 15” 47° 30’ 23” 47° 30’ 21” 47° 26’ 45” 47° 26’ 53” 47° 22’ 03” 47° 22’ 28” 47° 20’ 30” 47° 24’ 03” 47° 22’ 57” 47° 34’ 46” 47° 32’ 53” 47° 00’ 10” 47° 34’ 42” 47° 54’ 15” 47° 30’ 30” 47° 30’ 20” 47° 05’ 43” 47° 06’ 51” 47° 08’ 38” 47° 03’ 51” 47° 16’ 26”
20° 55’ 17” 21° 07’ 55” 19° 48’ 24” 19° 48’ 11” 19° 44’ 38” 19° 44’ 38” 19° 48’ 11” 20° 37’ 37” 21° 05’ 20” 20° 12’ 27” 18° 36’ 32” 18° 36’ 31” 18° 31’ 07” 18° 32’ 03” 18° 34’ 22” 19° 14’ 01” 19° 44’ 18” 19° 42’ 35” 19° 44’ 34” 19° 44’ 32” 19° 39’ 27” 19° 36’ 44” 19° 51’ 53” 19° 49’ 17” 19° 49’ 17” 20° 51’ 15” 20° 55’ 43” 20° 07’ 22” 20° 44’ 05” 21° 07’ 12” 19° 41’ 46” 19° 42’ 12” 20° 04’ 36” 19° 57’ 56” 19° 57’ 39” 20° 43’ 48” 20° 05’ 31”
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Locality data from Hungary Bács-Kiskun county – Dunatetétlen, Nagymaka, 19.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (2, CVS); Hajós, unknown date and collector (4, HNHM); Szabadszállás, Józandűlő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (2, CVS); Kalocsa, unknown date, leg. Speiser (4, HNHM). Békés county – Gyula, Galéria-erdő, 30.VI.1998, leg. B. Nagy (1, CAP); Gyula, Pince-halom, 16.VIII.2011, leg. A. Márkus (1, CVS). Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county – Tiszaújváros, Kocsordos, 26.VII.1995, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP). Budapest – XI. kerület [= district], Kőérberki szikesek, 28.V.2012, leg. O. Merkl (3, HNHM). Fejér county – Aba, Szigetek, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Sárbogárd, Tarack-dűlő, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Sárbogárd, Vojános-tó környéke, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Sárkeresztúr, Sárkány-tói dűlő, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Sárkeresztúr, Sárrét, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Seregélyes, Vindics-dűlő, sfsl, 25.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS). Hajdú-Bihar county – Hortobágy National Park, Hortobágy-Máta, Zámpuszta, Sároséri-halom, 7.VII.1975, leg. E. Hámori (1, CAP); Hortobágy National Park, Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta, Sároséri-halom, 8–9.VII.1975, leg. E. Hámori (1, HNHM); Hortobágy, Kékesi-hodály környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Hortobágy, Kékes, 27.V.1998, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP); Nádudvar, Hortobágy, Büte-halom környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Püspökladány, Hortobágy, Kincses-halom környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS). Heves county – Besenyőtelek, Pástra-járó-dűlő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Csány, Szarv-ágy mente, sfsl, 1.IX.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Poroszló, Kivételesek dűlője, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS). Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county – Alattyán, Berek-erdő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Alattyán, Kis-Kút-lapos, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (2, CVS); Alattyán, Kunere-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jászárokszállás, Gyarok-part-dűlő, sfsl, 1.IX.2012, leg. A. Németh, V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jászberény, Borsóhalmi-rét, sfsl, 1.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jászberény, Hajtamocsár, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Jászboldogháza, Tápió-mente, sfsl, 9.V.2010, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom környéke, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Karcag, Hortobágy, Rainerföld, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Rákóczifalva, Felsővarsány, Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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16.VIII.2004, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP); Tiszafüred, Hortobágy, Kilátó-legelő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tiszafüred, Kócsújfalu, Hortobágy, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tiszajenő, Sváb-legelő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tiszaszőlős, Örvényi-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tószeg, Pákra-hát, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Túrkeve, Túrkeddi-híd, 22.IX.1997, leg. A. Podlussány (1, CAP); Újszász, Laposi-legelő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS). Pest county – Abony, 4-es főút mente, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Abony, Gerece-szék, sfsl, 26.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Abony, Kaszálóerdő, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Abony, Lenge-nádasdűlő, sfsl, 26.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Abony, Perje-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Abony, Világos-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Albertirsa, 4-es főút mente, sóvirágról egyelve [= singled from sea lavender], 3.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Cegléd, Cigány-szék, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Cegléd, Csurgói-dűlő környéke, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Cegléd, Nagy-szék, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 17.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (3, CVS); Dömsöd, Apajpuszta, szikes növényzetről fűhálózva [= swept in salt vegetations], 1952, leg. L. Kaszab (1, HNHM); Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 9.VIII.2010., 17.VIII.2012., 6.VIII.2013, sfsl, leg. V. Szénási (3, CVS); Farmos, gátőrház, sfsl, 12.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (4, CVS); Jászkarajenő, Csárda-laposa, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Bata-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Disznótúrási-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Jakab-rét, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS, 3, HNHM); Nagykáta, Meggyes-halom, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Szentlőrinckáta, Hajta-part, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (2, CVS); Szentlőrinckáta, Lopocsik-föld, sfsl, 12.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tápióbicske, Fehér-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tápióság, Dolláros-rét, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Tápiószele, halomsírok, 1.VII.2009, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tápiószentmárton, Göböly-járás, sfsl, 30.VIII.2012, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tápiószentmárton, Kőkút, sfsl, 24.VII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Törtel, külterület, szikes legelő, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Törtel, Perje-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS).
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DISCUSSION The collecting localities outline the distribution of Sibinia beckeri in Hungary, and allow drawing conclusions on its further potential habitats. Formerly being considered as rare, in its suitable habitats (Fig. 2) this species is widely distributed and occurs in large numbers. Its distribution in Hungary overlaps with the area of alkaline grasslands and especially the distribution of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum. In Fejér county and within the boundaries of Budapest even the Limonium populations of smaller and isolated alkaline grassland patches provide the species adequate habitats. Its most extreme occurrences include sporadic individuals of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum settled by the roadsides due to wintertime road salting (these can be at several ten kilometres distance from the true alkaline grassland habitats). These plants can house a smaller Sibinia beckeri population each, which can survive persistently. At the same time, we failed to detect this weevil species from the large alkaline grasslands of Győr-Moson-Sopron county near the Neusiedler See (Fertő tó) because of the absence of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum (in the Austrian
Fig 2. Typical habitat of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873): Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő (photo: V. Szénási) Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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part of the Neusiedler See there is only one small Limonium population that we have not studied so far). We could not cover evenly all areas during our research, so especially Békés, Bács-Kiskun, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Csongrád and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties remained underrepresented. However, based on our previous results, this weevil species is most likely present even in these areas with similar frequency, as we succeeded to find it in every studied Limonium population. Sibinia beckeri is a species with a wide temporal distribution of swarming: adults can be found on their host plant from the beginning of May to the first frosts at the end of October. The adult usually stays on the ovary of the flower (Fig. 3). It drills a hole into the ovary and deposits its eggs in there. The adult is well-camouflaged: its colour, size and shape is very similar to the ovary. In the material collected by sweep net it is particularly difficult to distinguish the motionless animals from the ovaries of the plants. When disturbed (e.g. while photos are taken of them), the animals press themselves close to the tightly located ovaries so they are almost impossible to detect (Fig. 4). The individuals drop themselves to the ground only if all hiding attempts fail. If the weather is unfavourable, the weevils move to the ground and take shelter between the basal leaves of the sea lavender. The surveyed Limonium populations support Sibinia beckeri populations in large individual numbers: during sweep-netting often 10 to 15 specimens were caught with a few sweeps. However, in the mown Limonium populations we observed far lower population density as the flowering Limonium individuals – which are essential for the reproduction of Sibinia beckeri – are absent there. In the future, we intend to survey the areas, which were still unvisited as of the submission of this manuscript. The survey on the Austrian part of Neusiedler See is our priority, as this would be the westernmost occurrence of the species known so far. A further objective is the survey of populations of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., a species cultivated and sold as an ornamental plant in Hungary, because this can be a potential host for Sibinia beckeri as well. * Acknowledgements – I would like to thank all those who helped complete this study. Thanks are due to Ottó Merkl (HNHM) for advice and for the possibility to review and use the HNHM Coleoptera Collection; to Attila Podlussány (Budapest) for generously submitting the data of the Sibinia beckeri specimens deposited in his private collection. I owe thanks to my colleagues Annamária Csóka (Duna–Ipoly National Park Directorate, Budapest) for the English translation and Sándor Bérces (Duna–Ipoly National Park Directorate, Budapest) for producing the map illustration. I thank also Nikola Rahmé for taking the beetle photos, András Márkus (Gyula) who collected weevils for me, Tamás Németh for his manifold help in the compilation of this paper and András Németh (Gödöllő) for accompanying me on some of my collection trips. Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
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4 Figs 3–4. Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in sea lavender flowers (photo: N. Rahmé) Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
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Folia ent. hung. 74, 2013
