Exploring Personal and Rela1onal Trustworthiness
Prof. Dr. Faturochman Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Quan4fying Stage
Background
Result
Method
5 4 3 2 1 0 Mother
Father
Teacher
Cl Friend
TRUST & TRUSWORTHINES TRUSTWORTHINES • Personal qualities of the agency that became the target of trusted (Yamagishi, 2008)
TRUST • Psychological state which makes a person willing to accept the risk of others based on estimates of good intentions and behavior of other people (Hardin, 1996)
THE QUESTION
What kind of trustworthiness are taken into consideration to trust someone?
Quan4fying State
Background
Result
Method
EXPLORATORY “Trust-scale”: Open-ended question: Indepth interview: FGD:
• How much do you trust your mother (father, teacher, close friend)? • Answer choices: 1 = not at all; 5 = very much • Why do you trust/distrust …?
• More detail data • Psychological dynamics • Validating process • Synthesis of findings
RESPONDENTS Background:
Sex
• High school students • University students • Office workers • Total • Male • Female • Total
: 344 : 732 : 1076
: 343 : 515 : 218 : 1076
RESPONSE OF OPEN-‐ENDED QUESTION
Entry Data
Printed
Keywords & Categories
Data Collection & Management
ANALYSIS: CATEGORIZATION PROCESS
Quan4fying Stage
Background
Result
Method
RESPONSES Using the first response
126 keywords 32 Categories 6+4 Simple categories
Example: HONEST • Ayah saya belum pernah berbohong kepada saya (S1-391) - My father has never lied to me • Ayah saya jujur dalam bekerja (S1-486) - My father was honest in work • Bersikap jujur untuk memberi teladan yg baik (SMA-309) - Being true to exemplify good things • Ibu selalu memberikan informasi yg benar secara terbuka (S1-143) Mom always gives the true information openly • Semua ucapan ibu saya, beliau telah membuktikannya (SMA-228) All of my mother's words have proven to be true
Example: ABILITY • Guru itu sumber ilmu (S1-274) - The teacher is a source of knowledge. • Bisa diandalkan dan bisa memberikan solusi (S1-272) - Reliable and can provide solutions.
Example: Kind hearted • Sejak kecil aku mengenalnya sebagai ayah yang baik (S1-119) Since childhood I have known him as a good father • Ayah saya orang yang berhati baik, tidak suka memanfaatkan orang (S1-426) - My father is a good hearted person, do not like to take advantage of others • Ada dosen yang mau direpotkan oleh mahasiswa, saya percaya dengan tipe dosen seperti itu (S1-478) - There are professors who want to be bothered by the students, I trust with such a type of lecturer.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Integrity Honest Nonsuch/model Wise Respected Ability Gives solu1on Guiding Educa1ng Inspiring The best Kind-‐hearted Care Not interfering
Consanguinity (role) Nurturing Love Close Significant Comfort Gives the best Rela1onal assurance Suppor1ng Understand e-‐a Open e-‐a Reciprocal trust Mutual benefits Balance communica1on o Similarity o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Religion Culture Law Me (trustor) Irrelevant Blank
o o o o o
Integrity Honest Nonsuch/model Wise Respected
o o o o o o
Ability Gives solu1on Guiding Educa1ng Inspiring The best
o Kind-‐hearted o Care o Not interfering
o o o o o o
Consanguinity (role) Nurturing Love Close Significant Comfort
o Gives the best o Rela1onal assurance o Suppor1ng
Religion Culture Law
Understand e-‐a Open e-‐a Reciprocal trust Mutual benefits Balance communica1on o Similarity
Me (truster) Irrelevant Blank
o o o o o
o o o o o
Integrity Honest Nonsuch/model Wise Respected
o o o o o o
Ability Gives solu1on Guiding Educa1ng Inspiring The best
o Kind-‐hearted o Care o Not interfering
o o o o o o
Consanguinity (role) Nurturing Love Close Significant Comfort
o Gives the best o Rela1onal assurance o Suppor1ng Understand e-‐a Open e-‐a Reciprocal trust Mutual benefits Balance communica1on o Similarity o o o o o
Religion* Culture* Law*
Me (trustor)** Irrelevant Blank
Culture*
Religion*
Trustor**
Law*
Rela4on
Trustee
TRUSTWORTHINESS Personal (trustee)
Relational
• Competence • Integrity • Benevolence
• Closeness • Support • Reciprocity
Trustworthiness
Mother N
Personal
Father %
N
Teacher
Close Friend
%
N
%
N
Total
%
N
%
384
37,6
573
58,3
862
90,6
274
30,9
2093
54,5
281
27,5
332
33,8
138
14,5
197
22,2
948
24,7
Benevolence
83
8,1
106
10,8
244
25,7
75
8,5
508
13,2
Competence
20
1,9
135
13,7
480
50,5
2
0,2
637
16,5
Integrity
Relational
637
62,4
409
41,6
89
9,4
613
69,1
1748
45,5
Closeness
397
38,9
129
13,1
29
3,5
302
34,1
857
22,3
Reciprocal
91
8,9
59
6,0
6
0,6
278
31,3
434
11,3
149
14,6
221
22,5
54
5,7
33
3,7
457
11,9
1021
100
982
100
951
100
887
100
3841
100
Support Total
Quan4fying Stage
Background
Result
Method
Personal: Principal Component Analysis -1 Item Menghibur orang yang sedang susah Bersikap ramah Berusaha 4dak mengecewakan orang lain Mau mendukung orang sekitarnya Memiliki rasa kekeluargaan yang 4nggi Mencoba mengenal orang-‐orang secara lebih dekat Memiliki pengalaman di bidang yang ditekuninya Dihorma4 oleh orang disekitarnya Berwawasan luas Menjadi panutan bagi kebanyakan orang Mampu memberi solusi untuk masalah yang dihadapi Menepa4 janji Mampu menjaga rahasia Berkata sesuai fakta Teguh memegang prinsip Mampu memberi informasi yang benar
Factor 1
Factor 2
Factor 3
,829 ,753 ,706 ,668 ,646 ,576 ,739 ,720 ,711 ,690 ,511 ,801 ,796 ,592 ,526 ,515
Reliability - 1 • alpha Cronbach = 0,87. • Item-total correlation: 0,34 - 0,66.
Item Saling memberi Saling berbagi Saling menger4 Saling memahami Saling percaya Memberikan yang terbaik untuk saya Membimbing saya dengan tekun Mampu memo4vasi saya Memiliki nasehat yang selalu saya harapkan Ada di saat saya membutuhkan Tidak pernah mengecewakan saya Kenal dekat dengan saya Nyaman berada di dekatnya Saya merasa dekat dengannya Mau mendengarkan keluh kesah saya Mau menganggap saya sebagai bagian keluarganya
Factor 1
Factor 2
Factor 3
,776 ,771 ,721 ,714 ,671 ,787 ,731 ,636 ,616 ,600 ,579 ,769 ,760 ,690 ,622 ,554
Reliability - 2 • Alpha Cronbach = 0,88. • Item-total correlation: 0,40 - 0,60.
Integrated CFA: Competence
.51 .75
Integrity Benevolence
PERSONAL
.77 .80
Closeness Support Reciprocity
.74 RELATIONAL
.73 .67
Personal & Relational: PCA – 3 Factor
Name
% Variance
% Cummulative
Factor-1
closeness
11.282
11.282
Factor-2
Integrity
9.877
21.159
Factor-3
Benevolence
9.627
30.786
Factor-4
Reciprocity
9.559
40.344
Factor-5
Competence
9.209
49.554
Factor-6
Support
8.702
58.256
CONCLUSION Trustworthiness
Competence
Integrity
Benevolence
Closeness
Support
Reciprocity
