ESTIMATED POTENTIAL OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS PRODUCED IN THE BASE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD-INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS IN THE PILOT FARM OF SZTE MFK MEZŐGAZDASÁGI ÉS ÉLELMISZERIPARI EREDETŰ BIOMASSZÁBÓL, BIOGÁZ ELŐÁLLÍTÁS SORÁN NYERHETŐ ENERGIATERMELÉS FELMÉRÉSE AZ SZTE MFK TANÜZEME TEKINTETÉBEN László SALLAI, Tamás MOLNÁR, Dezső FODOR SZTE MFK, Engineering Department, Hungary Abstract: The importance of waste treatment is increasing. Environmental aims are the main driving force. Stricter regulations for landfilling to lead to the development of alternative treatment methods for wasteFor the agri-mechanical research, animal rearing’s and food-industry’s waste material, the secondary-teriary biomass, is a highest concern. This technology is versatile and relatively simple to use as a reliable and effective means of producing a gaseous fuel from various organic waste. The most common application has been the digestion of animal dung, agricultural, and food-industrial waste. This was studied by our department in our pilot farm of our Faculty. The 50 dairycow, family sized modelfarm was built in the summer of 1991 as a result of holland – hungarian cooperation at the territory of the Faculty. The new pigfarm with 30 sows and the new goatfarm with 100 nannies was given to the Faculty at 25th of april in 2001. was given on the 25th of april of 2001. Trough the livestock data the annual dung production were specified and from the literature calculated the energie by the biogas production coefficient.
Összefoglaló: A hulladékkezelés jelentősége egyre nő. A környezetvédelmi célok jelentik a fő kényszerítő erőt. Az egyre szigorúbb szabályozások a környezetterhelő szerves anyag kijuttatás tekintetében vezettek az alternatív hulladékkezelési technológiák fejlesztéséhez. Ez a technológia sokoldalú, viszonylagosan egyszerű és megbízható eszköze gázhajtóanyag különböző szerves anyagokból történő előállításának. Az agrárműszaki kutatások számára a biogáz gyártásban főként az állattartásból és az élelmiszeripar területéről származó hulladékok, a másodlagosharmadlagos biomassza bír megkülönböztetett jelentőséggel. 1991. nyarán készült el a hollandmagyar államközi együttműködés eredményeképp az 50 tehenes családi méretű mintagazdaság Kar Tanüzemének területén. 2001. április 25-én került sor az új, 30 kocás sertéstelep és az új 100 anyás kecskefarm átadására. Az állományadatok alapján meghatároztuk a képződő trágyamennyiséget, majd ezekből az irodalom szerinti biogáz termelési koefficiensekkel a termelhető energia mennyiséget.
Keywords: greenenergie, biomass, pilot farm Kulcsszavak: zöldenergia, , biomassza, tanüzem
INTRODUCTION The most urgent tasks are the solving of the waste management coused by the animal husbandry and the foodindustry, the washingwater of the milkeries, the waist water of the sloughter houses in our country nowdays. The animal manure and the other organic wastes transform itself digestable nonorganic nutriment through biological processes and can be recyclable back to the agricultural production as a fertiliser. The organic matters were not only mineralized during the degradation process, but there are generated gases, which are going into the environment during the natural process. The metanic, greenhouse gases mean environmental load and hazard and nonutilised energiesources, where is significant importance of the external energy input. To exploit the existing renewing energy sources we must select the most suitable fields of application as well as the best technical solutions tailored to the requirements of utilisation. Certainly, we must be aware of the local facilities to estimate the possibilities and to make decision for realisation. 145
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY The SZTE MFK pilot farm The SZTE MFK pilot farm was established in 1976-77. It’s territory 157ha, from this there is 95 ha arable land. Main aim of this to study the practical knowledges. The 50 dairycow, family sized modelfarm was built in the summer of 1991 as a result of holland – hungarian cooperation at the territory of the Faculty. A new heiferstall was built and repaired the demaged paddock in 2002. After it was established a milkprocessing unit by a holland technology. The creamery has been running in privat hand since 1993. It’s products are cheese, yogurt, curd cheese, sauer cream. After a reconstruction and an enlargement the creamery was been able to process goatmilk.
Figure 1 Family sized pilot dairy farm
Figure 2 Layout of SZTE MFK goat farm for 100 nannies
146
The new pigfarm with 30 sows and was given to the Faculty at 25th of april in 2001. The new pigfarm with 30 sows was established at the same day in our pilot farm. There is closed technology, in every unit is running with litter without gride floor. The new goatfarm for 100 nannies was given to the Faculty at 25th of april in 2001. There is only one stall eastwest situated. A closed paddock connects to it’s long, south side. There is the milkingparlour, the stall, the social unit and the dairy inside. The wall was made of brick and it’s hayloft. The resting part is littered, and the feeding part made of concrete. All the jobs does by one fulltime worker. Ship sector: There are 250-300 pieces from different ages in this new-zeland type farm. The stock is controlled and registered. The main function of the poultry sector producing of the breeding eis, eis for the market,and the stock is existing as a genbank of the hungarian grey hen. The broyler stalls of the poultry breeding stalls used by private enterpreneur. It was born a new sector: the ostrich breeding in the education, in the researchwork, in our pilot farm, in our Faculty in 2002.The laying of the first animals was happened in the april of 2003(2 layers). Tabl e 1
Data of animal stock (species, sort, stock) in the 11-th of March 2006 Male
Female
Holland lowland × HF cattle
–
47
Növendék 44
Hungarian ship
4
228
306
Samenthal goat
1
39
30
Hungarian bigwhite × pietren pig
2
20
231
Hungarian hempseed type poultry
52
600
–
Ostrich
1
1
44
Tabl e 2 P l a nt p r o d uc t i o n
Winter wheat: Ear;Life: (t/ha) Maize: Norma, Anjou (t/ha) Sunflower: Pixel, Aréna (t/ha) Lucern, hay: (t/ha) Grazing land,hay: (t/ha)
2002* 5,02 4,89 2,69 4,53 2,81
2003* 3,44 2,72 2,42 3,34 2,10
2004 6,42 8,14 2,48 5,20 2,33
*Drought damaged Creamery production(2005): 849.858 l milk, 180.350 l pasturized milk, 67.810 l yogurt, 32.490 l cream, 60.610 l curd cheese, 21.800 kg cheese, 6 msewage water/day, load. ACHIEVEMENT The condition of the biogas formation the organic material, the present of the methane germs in anaerobic conditions. After the formal conditions continuous, equalized temperature, continuous mixing, likely chopped organic material,different symbions phylums of methanical, acid bacterias, 147
The process of biogas development can be divided into two phases: - The first one is a bio-chemical process (acid fermentation), which means the decomposition of the large molecules of organic materials. - In the second phase the further bacteria-groups decompose the simple molecules. So these bacteria decompose the organic materials into soluble fatty acids, alcohols, carbo-hydrates and hydrogen-sulphides. The yield of the biogas depends on : - the composition of the input material; - technical level of the fermentor equipment; - the used technology; - the dry matter content; - the temperature, etc. Except the products of the organic cemical industry all the organic materials are usefull for the biogas production, as the manure, the dung, sideproducts and waste of the foodindustry, all the green vegetable matters, household waste, communal waste water etc. The animal origin biomass potential of our pilot farm was calculated of the following chart:
Tabl e 3 B i o g a s p r o d u c t i o n o f o r g a ni c w a s t e s
148
Raw material
Gasyield, Vg, l/kg organic drymatter content
Average gasyield, Vg, l/kg (organic drymatter content)
Pigmanure
340. . . 550
445
Cattle manure
90...310
200
Poultry manure.
310. . .620
465
Horse manure
200. . .300
250
Shipmanure
90. . . 310
200
Manure from stalls
175. . .280
225
Vegetable waste
330. . . 360
345
Agricultural waste
310...430
370
Sludge
310...740
525
Table 4 A n i m a l o r i g i n o r g a n i c b i o m a s s q ua nt i t y a nd t h e p o s s i b l e g a s y i e l d f r o m t h i s waste
Number of animals
Dung (kg/day/)
Dry matter content (%)
Org. mat. (%)
Total dung (kg/day)
47 44
46 32
15 15
12 12
2162 1408
200 200
432,4 281,6
22
15
11
8
330
445
146,9
231
7
11
8
1617
445
719,6
ship
538
2
33
23
1076
200
107,6
goat
70
2
33
23
140
200
28
poultry
652
0,053
21
18
34,6
465
16,9
Cattle store cattle sertés feeding pig
Total:
Gasyield. (l/kg)
Gasyield. m3 /day
6767,6
1733
Table 5 B a l a nc e s h e e t o f t h e e x p e c t e d e ne g y o f b i o g a s p r o d u c t i o n Heating value of biogas by 60% CH4 content Heatenergy equivalent of biogas Process heat energy demand
21
MJ/Nm3
36393
MJ/nap
30%
10917,9
MJ/nap
Electrical energy equivalent of biogas,1 Nm3 biogas(21MJ) : 0,278 kWh/MJ*21MJ=5,8 kWh Electrical energy equivalent of biogas
10051,4
kWh/nap
Brutto heat energy
8005,8
MJ/nap
The loss of electrical energy production
15%
5459
MJ/nap
Electrical energy for utility
33%
3317
kWh/nap
Mátyás-Pazsiczki, 2000 PROPOSITION There is water demand for the metabolism of the micro-organisms and it is the medium of the biochemical processes too. That’s why the liquidcontent of the feeding materials is an important factor. The necessary humidity to the activity of microorganizms extend between large margins. Fermentation experiments prove, that the margins of drymatter content are from 0.1% to 60%. The technology is choosen in the aspect of profitability. There are semi-dry and liquid technology and generally prefered the liquid process. Because our farms are running with litter manure technology that’s wy we can use the washing water of the dairy farm, of the creamery, load of the social water production, waste of kitchen, etc. as a dilute to enlarge the liquid phase.The impact of chemical components of the liquid phase influencing the gasrelease we don’t know in advance, especially that the dairy technology working with inconstant quantity and quality of washing water. Nowdays we try find an answer for this question, and collect an experimental device. 149
LITERATURE KALTWASSER, B. J.: Biogáz- előállítás és hasznosítás. (1983) Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest, BAI A.: A melléktermékek energetikai hasznosításának gazdasági összefüggései. (1998) Ph.D. értekezés, Debrecen,. BARÓTFI I. (szerkesztő): Energia felhasználói kézikönyv. (1993) Széchenyi Nyomda, pp. 735– 865, 983–985. MÁTYÁS L. – Pazsiczki I.: A hígtrágya termofil hőmérsékleten történő anaerob kezelésének modelltechnológiája és műszaki-ökonómiai elemzése. (2000) Jelentés, FVMMI, Gödöllő BUZÁS F. E. – Bai A. – Posta L. – Balogh P.: Analysis of environmental effects of cereals and energy plantations in case of unfavourable agricultural conditions. (1999) The Scientific Communication Session „The resources of the environment and the sustained development” – Nagyvárad, BARTA ISTVÁN igazgató, Bio-Genezis Kft: Alternatív energiák biogáz szalmából, trágyából, hulladékból, Agrárágazat 22. BAI ATTILA, A biogáz előállítása – Jelen és jövő (2005) Szaktudás Kiadó Ház, Budapest
150
