Ergonomic Analysis for Small Living Home Standard In Indonesia

Ergonomic Analysis for Small Living Home Standard In Indonesia Kristyanto B Faculty of Industrial Technology, Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University (Email: [email protected]) *Corresponding author

ABSTRACT: . Housing is one of the family life requirements that essential for people feeling secure. Having a house indicates to people success in their life, especially for people in Indonesia. For low and middle economics class, Indonesia has classified standard housing for types of 21 m2, 36 m2 and 45 m2. However, there are not so many research in Indonesia concerning to evaluate to those typical standard regarding with the user satisfaction and their experiences to live it. Therefore Evaluating based on the ergonomic analysis is required to show that people activities to those typical housing standards are met with the size. Ergonomic applied for living home standard will be used to analysis for the activities requirement especially for Indonesia people behavior. A culture and traditional living approaches are also observed to complete the discussion for analysis. From the result of study show that standard size for those typical of living home standards need to be improved to meet the size requirement based on the ergonomic analysis. Those improving are: from type of 21 m2 to 31 m2, from 36 m2 to 40 m2, and from 45 m2 to 54 m2. In addition, the standard size of furnitures observed from this research to meet the small living home standard are also presented in this paper. Keywords: Ergonomic analysis, Small living home standard, Indonesia people

1. INTRODUCTION Housing is one of human needs that indicate the succesfully of human in their community of life. Now the population in Indonesia tends to increase high and either the housing and the problem of limited land availability is being crusial. The high population in Indonesia now have inceasing to 2% per year, arround 2.800.000 people. If its assump that every family has 2-5 people, means atleast Indoneasia needs 535.000 new housing every year (Frick Heinz,1982). Indonesia government has defined the regulation of housing for living home by standard refered to developer. This housing standard is dedicated to people or familly who have low to medium income. Those typical standards are 21, 36, and 45. The size for those standards are small, but have been accounted to meet their economics income. But, the sizes to meet the peoples who live in and with their furnitures have not been accounted yet. These problem migth be seen from the field side that they must fullfilled the house with their needs as a basic standard, i.e. furnitures. However, the confortable to live in with ordinary furnitures in small living home standard is questionable. The Indonesia Ministry of Public Works in the journal of Rumah Sederhana Sehat (2002) said that regarding with the minimal space requirement for people to live in a house; space needs for people to live in must be accounted to base on their core activities at home. Those core activities such as sleeping, sitting, walking, eating, bathing, cleaning, washing, cooking, and watching television, and so on. The details of these space requirements for every people can be seen in table 1 below. Table 1: The space requirement for people Sleeping activity

0,80

x

2.00 m2

= 1.60 m2

Eating activity

1,50

x

0,90

= 1,35

Working activity

1,50

x

0,90

= 1,35

Sitting activity

1,50

x

0,90

= 1,35

Kristyanto B./ The 9th Southeast Asian Ergonomics Society Conference (Page 2) Showering activity

0,60

x

1,80

= 1,08

Cooking activity

0,60

x

1,80

= 1,08

Washing activity

0,6

x

1,80

= 1,08

Total Space

= 8,89 m2

Rounded

= 9.00 m2

From the Table 1 showed that based on ergonomic sizes using Indonesia people data, the standard for every people is 9 m2. This space is included furnitures that supported their activities. Housing actually should provide the health environtment to people who live in and must be feasible to support the daily activities. The minimum space requirement for housing standard (one floor only) should be considered to: a. The People space b. The Familly space c. The Physical building of familly space d. The Land area of every unit building Table 2: Minimum area for building and land Standard People (m2)

per

Space (m2) for 3 people

Space (m2) for 4 people

Unit of Building 60%xL

Land (L) 100%

Unit of Building 60%xL

Land 100%

21.6

36.0

28.8

48.0

27.0

45.0

36.0

60.0

36.0

60.0

48.0

80.0

(Theshold) 7.2 (Indonesia) 9.0 (International) 12.0

Source: KIMPRASWIL The dimension for every unit component of living home based on SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 03-1979-1990 composed by KIMPRASWIL (Housing Department) can be seen as following Table 3 below: Table 3: Dimension for unit of living home based on KIMPRASWIL

240 190 240 140 90

High Netto Minimum (cm) 240 240 240 240 240

75 75 100 100 75

190 190 190 190 190

Type of room No.

Occupation

Complement

1 2 3 4 5

Main Bed Room Small Bed Room Familly/Living Room Dining Room -

-

6 7 8 9 10 11

-

Wide Netto Minimum (cm)

Kitchen Bath Room + Toilet Bath Room Toilet Washing Room Ironing Room Store Room

2

Space Minimum (m²) 9 6 9 6 4 2 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.5

Kristyanto B./ The 9th Southeast Asian Ergonomics Society Conference (Page 3)

2. SMALL LIVING HOME STANDARD TYPES 21, 36 AND 45 2.1 Type of 21 This tipical living home standard K-21 has dimension of floor 21 m2 which is divided as familly room (14.58m2), kitchen (2.25 m2), bath room (2.25 m2), and balcony (1.92 m2). The familly room has function as living room, dining room and bed room. 2.2 Type of 36 This tipical living home standard K-36 has dimension of floor 36 m2 which is divided as living room (9 m2), two bed room (9 m2), kitchen (6 m2), bath room (1.08 m2), and balcony (3 m2). The living room has function as living room and dining room. 2.3 Type of 45 This tipical living home standard K-45 has dimension of floor 45 m2 which is divided as living room (15m2), two bed room (15 m2), kitchen (7.5 m2), bath room (5 m2), and balcony (2.5 m2). The living room has function as living room and dining room.

3. DATA 3.1 Data of Survey The data results from observation and interviewing obtained to understand the behaviour of people live in small living home standard. Some of the data shows the number of people usually live in (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Others show the influence of furnitures taking place in a house (Figures 7, and 8). 3.1.1 The number of familly member live in small living home standard

Figure 1: The number of familly member live in small living home standard type 21



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3.1.2 The relationship between furnitures requirement and the available space

Figure 4: Difficulty of people who live in small living home standard to find furnitures that meet to the space

Figure 5: people aggree to redesign the furnitures to meet the Space and human anthropometry 3.1.3 The Importance level for rooms Table 4: Level of importance No.

Level Importance

Room

1

Living Room

2

2

Bed Room

5

3

Dining room

1

4

Bath Room

4

5

Kitchen

3

3.2 Data of Measurements Data of measurements are need to design the furnitures and making the layout of rooms. The anthropometri data

4. ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Anthropometry data will used to determine the dimension of furnitures that are required for every room based on its function. Then minimal dimension required for every function room will be improved. Data were collected from the population of people who live in small living home standard types 21, 36, and 45 in the area of Yogyakarta. The furnitures that are being designed such as: bed, wardrobe, and dressing table, bathing tub and closet, kitchen set, sofa, dining table set. These furnitures are designed based on the Anthropometry data and their expectation through questionares data..

4


4.1 Designing Layout Bedroom and people activities 322.9 cm 5 cm

Menyapu lantai dalam posisi berdiri 91.2 cm Pintu

104 cm

Membersihkan/mengambil sesuatu di lantai dalam posisi jongkok 104 cm Merapikan tempat tidur 90 cm

JUIJ 95% JUIJ 5%

LBD 95%

LBD 5% 60°

MTT ½ 59 02 5.4 7 mc

LBD 50%

03 .9 7 mc n im r ec re b

332.65 cm

04 5 .9 m c MT T 5 9 TT

%

JUIJ 50%

225.2 cm

5% -T S B5

95 % 95 - TS % B

112.6 x 43 cm

5 cm

TT B

TB

165.9 x 214.7 cm

B5 0% 50 -TS % B

60°

PIJ 95 =73.95 cm PIJ 50= 65 cm

Ar

ea

n Pi

tu

Pintu

=4 7 5 .4 m c

TTM 95 =42.9

91.2 cm = menyapu

Figure 6: Ergonomic Bedroom 4.2 Designing Layout Bathroom and people activities 148 cm

59 =74 mc

30°

57 .9mc

61.7 cm

DBL 166.7 cm

104 cm= membersihkan lantai posisi jongkok

60 cm Membershkan bak mandi

RTM 95 + 2(TTB 95 – TSB 95) = 99.2 cm

PIJ 95 = 73.95 cm 104 cm= membersihkan lantai posisi berdiri

95

95

D TS DTB

TB D-T SD

72.5 x 57.16 cm

Figure 7: Ergonomic Bathroom 4.3 Designing Layout Kitchenroom and people activities

5

73.84 x 38 cm

59

44.45 x 41.5 cm

J IP

PIJ 95 = 74.45 cm

104 cm = mengambil sesuatu dilantai dan membersihkan kolong

2) 107.45 x 142 cm

1). 107.45 x 112.45 cm

Menyapu lantai dalam posisi berdiri 91.2 cm

Membersihkan/mengambil sesuatu di lantai dalam posisi jongkok 104 cm

Merapikan tempat tidur 90 cm

RTM 95 = 48.45

mc

Merapikan tempat tidur 90 cm

911 5.7 7

5 cm


38,5 cm

75

Area Meracik

Tabung gas keluaran Pertamina Dengan Diameter terluar 28 cm

cm

95 % JU IJ

Penirisan cucian

JU IJ

LBD 5% = 32,1

LBD 50% = 39,5 cm

61,93 cm

57

50 % = =8 2,9 66 5 cm c m

%= IJ 5 JU

46,67 cm

179,51 cm

50,37 cm

91.2 cm = menyapu lantai berdiri

0

27,9

450

46,67 cm 58,84o

LBD 95% = 47 cm

42,92 cm

70,91 cm (acuan ruang gerak minimum)

RTM 95% = 47 cm

61,93 cm

RTM 5% = 37 cm

104 cm Membersihkan lantai jongkok & mengambil 70,91 cm sesuatu (acuan ruang gerak di minimum) bagian bawah

52,9 cm

104 cm Membersihkan lantai jongkok& mengambil sesuatu di bagian bawah

179,51 cm

Figure 8: Ergonomic Kitchenroom 4.4 Designing Layout Livingroom and people activities 192,26 cm LBD 95%

12 cm

JPL 95%

PKP 50%

JPT 95% JPT 50% JPT 5%

JPL 50%

JPL 5%

61,73 cm

192,26 cm

61,73 cm

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

RTM 95 = 47 cm

(> RTM 95) =55>47

91.2 = menyapu lantai posisi berdiri

PIJ 95% PIJ 50% PIJ 5%

99.2 cm

99.2 cm = Pintu

PKP 95%

PKP 5%

104 cm = membersihkan bagian bawah/lantai posisi jongkok

153.425 cm

10

47

RTM 95 + 2(TTB 95 – TSB 95) = 99.2 cm

JPL 95 = 57,95 cm

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

RTM 95 + 2(TTB 95 – TSB 95) = 99.2 cm

Figure 9: Ergonomic Livingroom 4.5 Designing Layout Diningroom and people activities

6

104 cm = membersihkan bagian bawah/lantai posisi jongkok

99.2 cm = Pintu

91.2 = menyapu lantai posisi berdiri

RTM 95 = 47 cm

½ TTM 95 20.475 cm

JUIJ 95 = 82.95 cm

12

132.84 cm x 50 cm

47 cm

132.84cm

80,51 cm

Kristyanto B./ The 9th Southeast Asian Ergonomics Society Conference (Page 7) 390.1 cm

276, 6 cm

A

276, 6 cm

224.7 cm

5 cm

215, 1 cm

5 cm182.1 cm 172.1 cm

129.1 cm

A

B

5 cm

cm

A

C

328.3 cm

21.5 cm

D

TTM 95 =40.95 cm Membersihkan meja

91.2 cm = menyapu berdiri

104 cm = membersihkan bagian kolong/bawah jongkok

E

gnar O nak a Maer A

159,1 cm

Area Makan Orang 2

PTJ 95 = 73.95 cm A

334.1 cm

272.3 cm

17,5

A

169.1 cm 5 cm

3

A 13.05

73.1 cm

73.1 cm

LBD 95 = 47 cm

Area Makan Orang 4

13.05

Area Makan Bersama 73, 1 cm x 17, 5 cm

276, 6 cm

126.1 cm 5 cm 116.1 cm

43 cm

73, 95 cm

A Area Makan Orang 1

5 cm



276, 6 cm


A


TTM 95 =40.95 cm Membersihkan meja



Figure 10: Ergonomic Diningroom Ergonomic approaching is used to determine the appropriate dimension for furniture based on minimalis. Then minimal furnitures that are required for any familly who live in normal life are fullfilled. So far what people does is to buy one or two types of furnitures due to unmatching sizes with available space of room. Mostly the furnitures have big sizes and unstandardize. Through ergonomic analysing it is expected that new standard dimension of furnitures which is based on anthropometry data and allowable space for people moving with their activities such as walking, cleaning, and so on are determined. Figure 4 showing that majority people live in small living home standard types of 21, 36, and 45 have difficulty to find the matching furnitures. Therefore Figure 5 shown that majority people agreed with redesign of furnitures to meet the anthropometry and room space to achieve the comfort. Through culture and traditional approaching it is observed that an Indonesian Familly usually have big member, like to have meeting, cooking activities, watching television together, it is expresed from the result at Table 4. Table 4 showing the priority scale of room. Figure 6 to 10 shown the ergonomic design room with their complement furnitures. Finally the new layout room and it is new standard size of small living home standard could be designed and proposed. The following Tables and Figures below show the new standard size and layout rooms included with their furnitures for those three types of Small Living Home Standard. Table 5: Proposed new standard size for Small Living Home Standard Type 21 No. 1

Rooms

Length

Width

Square

Family Room (Studio) Bed Room

3.3

3.3

10.89

Living Room

3.5

3.4

11.9

2

Kitchen Room

1.8

1.8

3.24

3

Bath Room + Toilet

1.5

1.7

2.55

4

Terace

1.92 Total

30.5

7


150 cm

150 cm

270 cm

5 cm

Area Meracik

5 cm

5 cm

72.84 cm

95

25 cm

TB D-T SD

PIJ 95 = 73.95 cm

95

SD D-T TB

156.9 x 214.7 cm

130 cm

R.Dapur

37.5

98.33 cm

270 cm

LBD 95 = 47 cm

61.7 cm

75.9 cm

30°

43.09 cm

RTM 5% = 37 cm

99.2 cm

Bath Room + Toilet

RTM 95% = 47 cm

135 cm

PIJ 50= 65 cm PIJ 95 =73.95 cm

8 3 ,5mc 5 cm

Pi nt u 60°

04 5 .9 mc M TT 59 LBD 50%

03 .9 7 mc n im recre b

MTT ½ 59 025.4 7 mc

JUIJ 50%

10

LBD 95%

12 cm

JPL 95%

PKP 50%

61,73 cm

192,26 cm

61,73 cm

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

(> RTM 95) =55>47


JPL 50%

JPL 5%


PKP 95%

57 cm

B

192,26 cm

47

PKP 5%

Family Room (Studio)

87.79 cm

-TS 0% B5 % TT 5 0

JPL 95 = 57,95 cm

80,51 cm

270 cm

255 cm 47 cm

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

12

63 cm

250 cm

Figure 11: Ergonomic design layout for Small Living Home Standard Type 21

Table 6: Proposed new standard size for Small Living Home Standard Type 36 No.

Rooms

1

2x

2

Length

Bed Room

Width

Square

3.3

3.3

21.78

Living Room

3.5

3.4

11.9

3

Kitchen

1.8

1.8

3.24

4

Bath Room + Toilet

1.5

1.7

2.55

Total

39.47

8

Kristyanto B./ The 9th Southeast Asian Ergonomics Society Conference (Page 9) 95

30 °

SD D-T TB

Bath Room + Toilet

5 D9 30°

75.9 cm

PIJ 95 = 73.95 cm

38 cm

1 6 .7m c

1 6 .7m c

99.2 cm

SD

0.9 m 150 cm

TB D-T SD T9B5 D-T

75.9 cm

Toilet

135 cm

LBD 95 = 47 cm

LBD 95 = 47 cm

S D-T TB

95

1.2 m

72.84 cm

300 cm

300 cm

5 cm

38,5 cm

75

Area Meracik

103 cm


50 % = =8 2, 95 66 c m cm

JU IJ

95 %

IJ

156.9 x 214.7 cm

JU

RTM 5% = 37 cm

RTM 95% = 47 cm

192,26 cm

% 50 -TS % B

TT B 50

LBD 50%

10

LBD 95%

TB

95 % 95 - TS JI UJ % B TT B5 %-T SB5

LBD 95%

JPL 95%

PKP 50%


JPL 50%

61,73 cm

192,26 cm

61,73 cm

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

(> RTM 95) =55>47

JPL 95 = 57,95 cm

80,51 cm

TT B5 0% 5 0 -TS % B

117 cm

TB

LBD 95%

Ruang Gerak 40 cm

JI U % JIJ UJ 59 5%

156.9 x 214.7 cm

5 cm

5 cm

05 %

TTB 5% -T S B5%

Bed Room

mc

95 % 9 5 - TS JI UJ % B

5 cm

98 cm

PIJ 95 =73.95 cm PIJ 50= 65 cm

12

LBD 5%

Living Room

300 cm

½ TTM 95 20.475 cm

60°

47 cm

290 cm

LBD 50%

40.95 cm TTM 95

581

05 % %

JI U % JIJ UJ 59 5%

163.5 cm

60°


93 cm

JPL 5%

½ TTM 95 20.475 cm

PKP 95%

117 cm

12 cm

60°

LBD 5%

42,92 cm

70,91 cm (acuan ruang gerak minimum)

179,51 cm

PKP 5%

112.6 x 43 cm

58,84o

LBD 95% = 47 cm

47

163.5 cm

112.6 x 43 cm

200 cm

Penirisan cucian

450

46,67 cm

104 cm Membersihkan lantai jongkok& mengambil sesuatu di bagian bawah

40.95 cm TTM 95

30.97 cm bercermin

7 cm

61,93 cm

PIJ 50= 65 cm PIJ 95 =73.95 cm

30.97 cm bercermin

%

=5

46,67 cm

60 cm

5 cm


185 cm

179,51 cm

LBD 50% = 39,5 cm

61,93 cm

60°

IJ 5 JU

LBD 5% = 32,1

Kitchen Room

5 cm

5 cm

Bed Room

50,37 cm

104 cm Membersihkan lantai jongkok & mengambil 70,91 cm sesuatu (acuan ruang gerak diminimum) bagian bawah

52,9 cm

27,90

100 cm

5 cm

Figure 12: Ergonomic design layout for Small Living Home Standard Type 36

Table 7: Proposed new standard size for Small Living Home Standard Type 45 No.

Rooms

1

2x

2

Length

Bed Room

Width

Square

3.3

3.3

21.78

Living Room

3.5

3.4

11.9

3

Kitchen Room

1.8

1.8

3.24

4

Bath room + Toilet

1.5

1.7

2.55

5

Dining Room

4.1

3.4

13.94

Total

53.41

9


300 cm

300 cm

390.1 cm

E

A

A

21. 5 cm

159,1cm

17,5

AreaMakanOrang2

LBD 50%

A

91.2 cm = menyapu berdiri -TS 0% B5 % TT 50

04 5 .9 m c M TT 59

05 7,3 mc

38,5 cm

JU IJ 5%

DBL = 5% 2 3 ,1

DBL

1 6 3,9 mc

=5

7 cm

cm

27 c ,6 6 m A

cm 2,95 66 =8 = % % 95 50 IJ JU IJ JU

A

104 cm = membersihkan bagian kolong /bawah jongkok B

0 3 .9 7 mc ni m r ec r e b

276,6cm

A

5 cm

104 cm = berdiri membersihkan bagian kolong/ bawah jongkok

0= 5 % 93 ,5mc

6 4 7,6 mc

DBL 59= % 74 mc

24 2,9 mc

mu m i ni mk ar e g0g7n1a,9ur mncauc(a

ko k gn o j i a t na l na k hi sr eb m e M h a wa b na iga b id u ta u se s

)

61,93 cm

RTM 95% = 47 cm

92.05 cm

104 cm = membersihkan bagian kolong/bawah 91.2 cmjongkok = menyapu berdiri

43cm

PTJ 95 = 73.95 cm A

60°

3

Area Makan 1 Orang

334.1 cm

Area Makan 73,1cm Bersama x17,5cm

272.3 cm

73.1 cm

TTM 95 =40.95 cm Membersihkan meja 91.2 cm = menyapu

Kitchen Room

13.0 5

LBD 95 = 47 cm

27 c ,6

13.0 5

129.1 cm

6 m 169.1 5 cmcm

73,95cm

5 cm

5 126.1 cm116. cm 1 cm

l i bm a g& ne m 401

mc

971

MTT ½ 59 025.4 7 mc

Penirisan cucian

182.1 172.1 cm 5 cm cm

AreaMakanOrang4

250 cm

Bed Room Pi nt u

57 25 ,9mc

A

276,6cm

73.1 cm

179,51 cm


46,67 cm

RTM 5% = 37 cm

104 cm 70,91 cm (acuan ruang gerak minimum) Membersihkan lantai jongkok & mengambil sesuatu di bagian bawah

B 0

27,9

5 cm

cm

224.7 cm 215,1cm

n ak a M aer A gnar O

C

328.3 cm

TTM 95 =40.95 cm Membersihkan

60 cm


58,84o

berdiri

D

105 cm

450

meja 104 cm = membersihkan bagian kolong/ 91.2 cmjongkok = menyapu bawah

Area Meracik

JUIJ 50%

,5 1 mc 55.5 cm

90.45 cm 112.5 cm

72.5 x 57.16 cm

99 .2 mc 99 .2mc 5

30°

9 SD

100cm

99.2 cm

123.3 cm

1 6 .7m c 5

5 cm

5 cm

711

117 cm

mc

59 %

60 °

½ TTM 95 20.475 cm 60°

½ TTM 95 20.475 cm

40.95 cm TTM 95 30.97 cm bercermin

JUIJ 95% JUIJ 5%

5%

JUIJ 50%

-TSB

211

DBL

05 %

DBL

LBD 5%

.6 x34 mc

211

40.95 cm TTM 95

DBL

60°

LBD 5% B5%

JUIJ 95% JUIJ 5%

JUIJ 50%

-TS B5 %

651

05 %

30.97 cm bercermin

59 %

5 cm

DBL

TT

95% 95% - TS B

.9 x 412

.7mc

60°

5 cm

5 cm

5 cm

Bed Room TB

TT B5 0% 50% -TS B

B5%

B

TT

95 % 95% - TS

TT B 50 % 50% -TS B

TB

Bed Room

PIJ 50= 65 cm PIJ 95 =73.95 cm

.7mc

250 cm

PIJ 50= 65 cm PIJ 95 =73.95 cm

.9 x 412

TB D-T SD 9

95 cm

90 cm

75.9 cm

LBD 95 = 47 cm

123.3 cm

PIJ 95 = 73.95 cm

651

82.84 cm

TTM 95 40.95 cm

150 cm

140 cm

Membersihkan bak mandi 60 cm D-T TB

Living Room

185 cm

.6 x34 mc 5 cm

5 cm

300 cm

300 cm

Figure 13: Ergonomic design layout for Small Living Home Standard Type 45 5

CONCLUSION From ergonomic analysis to the furnitures required, the new standard design for furnitures suitable to

those small living home standard were determined. These furnitures will influence to the space of the room and the allowance of people moving or taking their activities. Then by Ergonomic analysis approaching to at home that should be allowed people having activities such as walking, cleaning the rooms, and etc, the new standard size of those Small Living Home Standard types 21, 36, and 45 were proposed to improve to 31 m2, 40 m2, and 54 m2.

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REFERENCES [1] KIMPRASWIL, (2002), Metode, Spesifikasi dan Tata Cara, Housing Departement ( Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah Jakarta) [2] KIMPRASWIL, (2002), Pedoman / Petunjuk Teknik dan Manual, Housing Departement ( Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah Jakarta) [3] Frick, Heinz, (1982), Rumah Sederhana, Kanisius Yogyakarta. [4] Grandjean, Etienne, (1973), Ergonomics at the home, Taylor & Francis, London. [5] Panero, J., and Zelnik, M., (1979), Dimensi Manusia dan Ruang Interior, Erlangga Jakarta

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Ergonomic Analysis for Small Living Home Standard In Indonesia

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